威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰的领导人周一签署了一项协议,可能推动英国走向分裂。
英国这三个半自治地区的首席部长告知首相安迪·伯纳姆及其政府,应做好宪制变革的准备,它们的未来与欧盟紧密相连。
他们在谅解备忘录中表示:“对于关注这些岛屿的人们——对于全世界关注此事的人们——没有比这更清晰的信号了:威斯敏斯特的时代即将终结。”他们此处指的是英国议会。
这一声明发布约48小时前,美国总统唐纳德·特朗普介入了这一政治争议话题。他在前往其高尔夫球场观看爱尔兰公开赛的行程中表示,他“乐见”爱尔兰重新统一。
这是三个国家的领导人首次要么来自支持独立的政党,要么像北爱尔兰那样来自支持统一的政党。一个多世纪前,爱尔兰从英国赢得独立时,北爱尔兰被分割出去,并留在英国。
伯纳姆的发言人对此威胁不予理会,并表示首相坚信联合,更专注于降低生活成本,而非处理宪法辩论。
“当人们围绕共同价值观和解决问题团结一致,而不是分裂时,英国处于最佳状态,”汤姆·韦尔斯说。
格拉斯哥大学公共政策中心主任尼古拉·麦克尤恩表示,此次峰会在象征意义上很重要,但没有法律意义。“我不认为今天联合所受的威胁比昨天更大,”麦克尤恩说。
In the late 1990s, the UK passed legislative acts that decentralised government through the process of devolution, giving each country except England some level of policy independence and self-governance through their own parliaments. But tensions have remained with the UK-wide government in London, which retained control over national issues and those concerning England. Scotland’s John Swinney and Northern Ireland’s Michelle O’Neill called for independence referendums in their countries, while Rhun ap Iorwerth did not provide a timetable for one in Wales. The three leaders appeared in their political capacity, rather than their official one, possibly because O’Neill is in a power-sharing government with the Democratic Unionist party.北爱尔兰民主统一党副首席部长埃玛·利特尔-彭杰利指责新芬党的奥尼尔“将”首席部长的角色“武器化”,以达成协议。
“我是北爱尔兰的首席部长,”奥尼尔回应道。“这是关乎我们周围正在发生的历史性变革。”苏格兰曾在2014年尝试脱离英国,但未能成功,选民以55%对45%的比例否决了公投。但麦克尤恩表示,自英国脱欧以来,支持苏格兰独立的人数有所增加。英国在2016年6月公投后于2020年1月正式脱离欧盟。
苏格兰民族党领袖斯温尼表示,如果英国政府批准公投,他相信选民现在会投票支持独立。
Burnham told parliament last week he would allow such a vote to be held if there was a “clear consensus” in Scotland but later sent Swinney a letter saying a vote was “off limits”. The 1998 Good Friday peace accord that ended three decades of sectarian violence in Northern Ireland known as “The Troubles”, requires a vote on unification if polls there indicate it would likely pass, a threshold the UK government says has not been met. Ireland would also have to approve the change in a referendum. Burnham has made devolution a major theme since taking office less than two months ago but his focus has been on regional governments across England, a reflection of his years as mayor of Greater Manchester.斯温尼试图把伯纳姆的意识形态转化为自己的优势,称他频繁谈论权力下放“会让你顺理成章地承认苏格兰人民——就我而言——有权决定自己的未来”。
麦克尤恩说,除了脱离联合王国的任何威胁之外,三方联手最大的影响可能在于,他们同意彼此常态化合作,而这可能有助于对英国政府施加更大影响。
“这确实让那个问题一直留在议程上,嗯,如果联合王国是一个基于同意的联盟,那么当这种同意看起来可能不再存在时,路径是什么?”麦克尤恩说。“任何英国政府都非常不愿参与那场讨论。”