珍妮弗·麦克德莫特 纽约——联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯周四表示，世界不能“任由国家和文化消失在海浪之下”，当天联合国大会批准了首份关于海平面上升的宣言。
NEW YORK — U.N. Secretary-General Antonio Guterres said the world cannot “allow countries and cultures to vanish beneath the waves” on Thursday as the General Assembly approved its first declaration on sea-level rise.
这一声明旨在将国际社会对人为海平面上升的应对，从各自为政的举措转变为持续、协调且资金充足的行动。与此同时，本周各国在发言中接连哀叹气候变化的代价，并呼吁采取集体行动。
This statement is meant to shift the international response to the rise in sea level driven by humans from fragmented initiatives to sustained, coordinated and adequately-funded action. It comes as country after country has lamented the toll of climate change in speeches this week and called for collective action.
相反，美国总统唐纳德·特朗普一再称气候变化是骗局、诡计或欺诈。以下是各国领导人的原话：引语：“直到最近，应对气候变化一直稳稳处于国际议程的核心位置。然而今年，这一议题从七国集团和二十国集团的辩论中消失了——而这些论坛汇聚了最大的碳排放国。现在是时候重新发起攻势，击败否认主义。大自然每天都在提醒我们，我们生活在同一个星球上。喜马拉雅山的冰川正在融化。超级厄尔尼诺可能在全球不同地区引发暴雨、干旱和森林火灾。”——巴西总统路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦背景：气候变化和森林砍伐威胁着亚马孙雨林。强烈的厄尔尼诺现象——赤道太平洋的周期性变暖——会导致雨林气温升高、天气更加干燥，从而使野火愈演愈烈。
Contrarily, U.S. President Donald Trump repeatedly calls climate change a hoax, a con job or a scam. Here are the world leaders in their own words: THE QUOTE: “Until recently, the response to climate change was firmly established at the center of the international agenda. This year, however, the topic disappeared from the debates of the G7 and G20, forums that bring together the largest carbon emitters. It is time to resume the offensive and inflict a defeat on denialism. Nature reminds us every day that we live on one planet. The glaciers in the Himalayas are melting. The super El Nino may cause torrential rains, droughts and forest fires in different parts of the globe.” — Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, president of Brazil THE SITUATION: Climate change and deforestation threaten the Amazon A strong El Nino, a cyclic warming of the equatorial Pacific, causes higher temperatures and drier weather in the rainforest, conditions that worsen wildfires.
引言：“我们在尼泊尔经历的是喜马拉雅山海啸。但更迫在眉睫的威胁后果更为严重。我们不仅哀悼今日的毁灭，更应警惕若世界继续视而不见，未来将面临更大的危险……我呼吁你们将气候行动视为正义问题，而非慈善行为。”——尼泊尔外交部长希希尔·卡纳尔现状：据世界天气归因报告称，人为导致的气候变暖使冰川变薄、山地永久冻土融化，这很可能加剧了上个月崩塌的喜马拉雅山坡的不稳定性，并在尼泊尔引发了灾难性洪水。已有超过1300人遇难，另有5000多人失踪。
THE QUOTE: “What we experienced in Nepal was Himalayan tsunami. But the larger looming threat is even more consequential. It is not only the devastation we mourn today; it is for greater danger that lies ahead if the world continues to look away... I call upon you to treat climate action not as a charity, but as a matter of justice.” — Shisir Khanal, minister of foreign affairs for Nepal THE SITUATION:
引言：“为了保护当代和子孙后代的生命，所有国家都必须采取严肃行动应对全球变暖。我相信，气候行动与经济增长可以并行不悖。”——日本首相高市早苗现状：日本正致力于保护社区免受变暖影响，并承诺大幅削减排放，但短期内极端高温仍构成威胁。
Human-caused global warming thinned glaciers and thawed mountain permafrost, likely helping to destabilize the Himalayan slope that collapsed last month and unleashed catastrophic flooding across Nepal, according to a World Weather Attribution report More than 1,300 people were killed and over 5,000 remain missing.
引言：“我认为今年夏天是一个揭示真相的夏天。正如我们从科学家那里听到的，最近的夏季是有记录以来最热的，但可能也是未来几年中最凉爽的。”——欧盟委员会主席乌尔苏拉·冯德莱恩现状：欧洲的升温速度是全球平均水平的两倍，使其成为升温最快的大陆。
THE QUOTE: “To protect the lives of present and future generations, all states must take serious action to tackle global warming. I believe that climate action and economic growth can go hand-in-hand.” — Sanae Takaichi, prime minister of Japan Japan is working to protect communities from warming and has pledged to slash emissions, but extreme heat remains a threat in the short term.
引言：“到本世纪末，我们12%至18%的沿海地区可能被海平面上升淹没，影响数千万人的生计。气候变化造成的经济损失和损害相当于我们国内生产总值的1%。我们的粮食安全正面临严重风险。”——孟加拉国总理塔里克·拉赫曼现状：孟加拉国地势低洼，是受气候变化影响最脆弱的国家之一。
THE QUOTE: “I think this summer was a summer of truth. The recent summer months have been, as we heard from the scientists, the hottest on record, but may be the coolest for the years to come.” — Ursula von der Leyen, president of the European Commission THE SITUATION: Europe is heating up twice as fast as the global rate, making it the fastest-warming continent.
引言：“佛得角与其他同样每天都在面对气候危机的国家有着相同的处境。对我们来说，气候变化并非遥不可及的风险；它是一个现实的存在，影响着我们的经济、粮食和水资源安全、海岸线，以及我们人民的未来。”——佛得角总理弗朗西斯科·卡瓦略
THE QUOTE: “By the end of this century, 12 to 18% of our coastal areas could be submerged by sea level rise, affecting the livelihoods of tens of millions. Climate change has caused loss and damage equivalent to 1% of our GDP. And our food security is at serious risk” — Tarique Rahman, prime minister of Bangladesh THE SITUATION: The low-lying geography of Bangladesh makes it one of the countries most vulnerable to climate change.
现状：与其它小岛屿发展中国家一样，佛得角也在努力应对海平面上升以及日益强烈的风暴所带来的威胁。这些风暴正在侵蚀海岸线、淹没土地，威胁人们的家园和生计。
THE QUOTE: “Cabo Verde speaks with the same voice as other countries that are also living the climate crisis every day. For us, climate change is not a distant risk. It is an existential reality affecting our economies, our food and water security, our coastlines and ultimately our people’s future.” — Francisco Carvalho, prime minister of Cape Verde THE SITUATION: Cape Verde, like other small island developing states, is grappling with rising sea levels and increasingly powerful storms that erode shorelines, submerge land and threaten homes and livelihoods.
引言：“全球近三分之一的金枪鱼捕捞量发生在太平洋海域，而且这些捕捞活动正逐渐向更远的海域（即公海）扩展。我们国家超过四分之一的人口居住在距离海岸线一公里以内的地区；已有六个社区被迫迁移，另外两个社区也在准备搬迁。‘半度’这个温度变化并非微不足道的数字——对我们而言，这决定了我们是选择适应气候变化还是被迫迁移。”——斐济总统奈卡玛·拉拉巴拉武
THE QUOTE: “Cabo Verde speaks with the same voice as other countries that are also living the climate crisis every day. For us, climate change is not a distant risk. It is an existential reality affecting our economies, our food and water security, our coastlines and ultimately our people’s future.” — Francisco Carvalho, prime minister of Cape Verde THE SITUATION: Cape Verde, like other small island developing states, is grappling with rising sea levels and increasingly powerful storms that erode shorelines, submerge land and threaten homes and livelihoods.
现状：拉拉巴拉武指出，根据预测，到2050年，每个斐济人每年可获得的金枪鱼数量将减少近四分之一（从41公斤降至约31公斤），其中超过一半的减少是由于气候变化造成的。
THE QUOTE: “Nearly a third of the world’s tuna is caught in Pacific waters. And it’s moving east into the high seas. More than a quarter of our people live within a kilometer of the shore. Six of our communities have already moved. Two more are moving now. And half a degree is not a rounding error. For us, it is the difference between adaptation and relocation.” — Naiqama Lalabalavu, president of Fiji THE SITUATION: Lalabalavu cited projections that by 2050, the fish available to each Fijian is projected to fall by nearly a quarter, from 41 kilograms (90 pounds) a year to about 31. And more than half of that loss comes from climate change, he said.
引言：“气候危机常被描述为‘全人类共同面临的全球性挑战’；任何一个国家都无法独自应对这一难题。然而，放弃经济增长同样无法让所有人都参与到应对气候变化的行动中来。”——韩国总统李在明
THE QUOTE: “Nearly a third of the world’s tuna is caught in Pacific waters. And it’s moving east into the high seas. More than a quarter of our people live within a kilometer of the shore. Six of our communities have already moved. Two more are moving now. And half a degree is not a rounding error. For us, it is the difference between adaptation and relocation.” — Naiqama Lalabalavu, president of Fiji THE SITUATION: Lalabalavu cited projections that by 2050, the fish available to each Fijian is projected to fall by nearly a quarter, from 41 kilograms (90 pounds) a year to about 31. And more than half of that loss comes from climate change, he said.
现状：气候变化加剧的极端天气现象在韩国造成了深远的影响：农民的生产成本上升，他们需要投入更多劳动力才能维持或降低产量。
THE QUOTE: “The climate crisis is often referred to as a ‘global group project shared by all 8 billion people on Earth.’ A single country cannot tackle this challenge alone. At the same time, abandoning growth cannot bring everyone on board.” — Lee Jae Myung, president of Korea THE SITUATION: The impact of extreme weather worsened by climate change is far-reaching in South Korea.
引言：“我们生活在一个分裂的世界里。各国都在走向内向；承诺总是高声宣布，却很少得到兑现。每个国家都倾向于认为：‘这不是我的灾难，不是我的问题。’然而，海洋并不认同这种想法——海洋是一个整体；一个半球发生的海啸或风暴，最终会影响到另一个半球。真正分裂的，只有我们人类。”——菲利普·戴维斯（巴哈马总理）
Farmers face higher costs and must use more labor to produce the same or lower yields.
现状：与全球南方许多国家一样，巴哈马也因气候变化引发的自然灾害而背负着沉重的债务负担。2019年，飓风“多里安”（Dorian）成为该国有记录以来最强烈的风暴，造成了34亿美元的损失。
THE QUOTE: “We live in a fragmented world. Nations are turning inward. Promises are made loudly and kept quietly, if at all. Each country is tempted to say: It is not my storm, not my coastline, not my problem. The ocean does not recognize that thinking. It is one body of water. What warms in one hemisphere breaks upon another. The sea has never been fragmented. Only we are.” — Philip Davis, prime minister of the Bahamas THE SITUATION: Like many other countries in the Global South, Bahamas has a lot of debt from warming-connected weather disasters.
引言：“对于那些将气候变化视为地缘政治对手制造的骗局的人来说，最近的种种警告再清楚不过了：冰川融化、山洪暴发、干旱、破纪录的热浪、森林火灾以及各种极端天气现象，都是地球不堪重负的明显信号。气候变化是对全球公平性的终极考验。”——约翰·德拉马尼·马哈玛（加纳总统）
Hurricane Dorian the strongest storm to hit the country on record, caused $3.4 billion in damage in 2019.
现状：加纳正面临降雨量不稳定、沿海地区侵蚀加剧以及沙漠化速度加快的问题。今年6月，加纳及西非沿海地区遭遇了前所未有的暴雨，导致39人死亡。
THE QUOTE: “For those who have declared climate change a hoax perpetrated by geopolitical opponents, the warnings of recent times cannot have been clearer. Melting glaciers, flash flooding, droughts, record-breaking heatwaves, brush fires, hurricanes and other extreme weather phenomena are unmistakable signals of an overburdened planet. Climate change is the ultimate test of global equity.” — John Dramani Mahama, president of Ghana THE SITUATION: Ghana faces erratic rainfall, erosion of its coastal towns and accelerating desertification. In June, Mahama said Ghana and coastal West Africa were hit with unprecedented torrential rain that killed 39 people.
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