上周,NASA局长贾里德·艾萨克曼(Jared Isaacman)以一种隐晦的方式透露了他们正在研发一款新型、飞行速度极快的X型飞机的计划;在展示该飞机轮廓的图片中,这架飞机立刻让人联想到著名的SR-71“黑鸟”(SR-71 Blackbird)战机。
Last week, NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman cryptically teased plans for a new high- and fast-flying X-plane with a silhouette of an aircraft that immediately drew comparisons to the famed SR-71 Blackbird as a backdrop.
在我们的报道中,我们探讨了这一消息可能意味着什么——包括是否有可能重新启用SR-71战机,或者至少利用其设计来开发一款全新的飞机。如今,令人惊讶的是:那架曾在NASA阿姆斯特朗飞行研究中心(Armstrong Flight Research Center)展出多年的SR-71战机竟然神秘失踪了!
In our report, we looked at what it could mean, including the possibility of reviving the SR-71, or at least using it to inform or even cobble together a new airframe. Now it turns out that an SR-71 that had been on display at NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center for years is suspiciously missing.
《国防新闻》(Defense News)的国防编辑史蒂夫·特里姆布尔(Steve Trimble)是首位报道这架SR-71战机失踪事件的人。这架飞机的尾部编号为844。阿姆斯特朗飞行研究中心与加利福尼亚州的爱德华兹空军基地(Edwards Air Force Base)相邻。特里姆布尔指出,卫星图像显示这架飞机至少从5月17日起就再也没有出现过踪迹。这架飞机的美国空军序列号为61-7980,它是最后一架生产的SR-71战机,也是最后一架投入飞行的SR-71战机,最后一次飞行是在1999年。
Steve Trimble, ‘s defense editor and friend of , was first to report the disappearance of the former NASA SR-71, also known by the tail number 844, at Armstrong. That facility is collocated with Edwards Air Force Base in California. Trimble’s piece says that satellite imagery shows the jet has not been seen since at least May 17. The aircraft in question, which originally carried the U.S. Air Force serial number 61-7980, was the last Blackbird produced and the last one to fly, taking to the skies for the final time in 1999. “The current disposition of the aircraft is unclear, but sources suggest that the aircraft was moved into a hangar earlier this year for an inspection,” according to the story. “The presentation and the disappearance of the display SR-71S with the 844 tail number for NASA raises the possibility of a return-to-flight program after a more than 26-year-long hiatus.” The presentation mentioned above is the one NASA’s Isaacman gave last week at the annual All-In Summit in Los Angeles, California, during which he shared the SR-71-esque silhouette.
报道称:“目前这架飞机的去向尚不清楚,但有消息人士称它在今年早些时候被移至机库接受检查。” 特里姆布尔还提到:NASA局长艾萨克曼上周在加利福尼亚州洛杉矶举行的年度All-In峰会上展示了这架飞机的轮廓图片,这一举动引发了人们对于SR-71战机可能重新投入飞行的猜测(尤其是在经历了长达26年的停飞期之后)。
“The current disposition of the aircraft is unclear, but sources suggest that the aircraft was moved into a hangar earlier this year for an inspection,” according to the story. “The presentation and the disappearance of the display SR-71S with the 844 tail number for NASA raises the possibility of a return-to-flight program after a more than 26-year-long hiatus.” The presentation mentioned above is the one NASA’s Isaacman gave last week at the annual All-In Summit in Los Angeles, California, during which he shared the SR-71-esque silhouette.
“为了推动NASA在航空领域的创新,我们正在重建我们的X系列实验飞机机队。X-59飞机正在研究如何实现安静、超音速的飞行,但这仅仅是一个开始,”他当时说道。“随着NASA重新投入飞行测试工作,并与业界合作共同探索飞机结构和推进系统设计的极限,我们很快就能再次实现几十年前才能达到的高海拔、高速度飞行目标,甚至超越那些纪录。”自去年上任以来,艾萨克曼(Isaacman)就将扩充NASA的X系列实验飞机机队作为首要任务。
“In the service of the first A [aeronautics] in NASA, we are rebuilding our X-plane fleet. The X-59 is researching quiet supersonic flight but it’s just the beginning,” he said at that time. “As NASA recommits to flight test and works alongside industry to push the boundaries of airframe and propulsion design, it will not be long before NASA once again is flying as high and as fast as we had in decades past, and then even more.” Isaacman has made expanding NASA’s X-plane fleets a top priority since taking charge of the agency last year. “You sure that’s a Blackbird?” the NASA administrator said during a live interview that immediately followed his remarks after the image was brought up, but did not offer any further clarification.
“你确定那是一架‘黑鸟’(Blackbird)飞机吗?”在看到相关图片后,NASA局长在随后的直播采访中提出了这个问题,但并未给出进一步的解释。
“NASA has a long history of building and flying experimental aircraft that push the boundaries of what is possible,” NASA told directly when asked for more information. “As Administrator Isaacman has said, we want to see more X-planes flying in the years ahead, developing the technologies that will allow us to fly higher, farther, and faster than we have in decades. We look forward to sharing more as those efforts progress.” We have reached back out to NASA in light of ‘s report.
“NASA有着悠久的研发和飞行实验飞机的历史,这些飞机一直在不断突破技术极限,”NASA在被要求提供更多信息时直接回应道。“正如艾萨克曼局长所说,我们希望在未来看到更多X系列实验飞机投入飞行测试,从而开发出能够让我们飞得更高、更远、更快的技术。随着相关工作的进展,我们会随时向公众分享更多信息。”鉴于这份报告,我们再次联系了NASA。正如我们在最初报道中提到的:该报告指出,编号为844的飞机很可能是最适合重新投入飞行的候选机型。这架飞机不仅是最后一架生产的、也是最后一架飞行的X系列实验飞机;NASA此前还对它进行了升级,安装了“自动化的数字飞行控制系统和进气控制系统”,从而几乎消除了‘黑鸟’飞机在高速飞行时发动机突然熄火的问题。此外,这架飞机一直保存在莫哈韦沙漠的一个受控区域内,非常适合长期保存。
“NASA has a long history of building and flying experimental aircraft that push the boundaries of what is possible,” NASA told directly when asked for more information. “As Administrator Isaacman has said, we want to see more X-planes flying in the years ahead, developing the technologies that will allow us to fly higher, farther, and faster than we have in decades. We look forward to sharing more as those efforts progress.” We have reached back out to NASA in light of ‘s report. As we wrote in our initial reporting on Isaacman’s comments: ‘s report today notes that tail number 844 would probably be the best available candidate for returning to flight status. In addition to being the last produced and the last to fly, NASA previously upgraded it, including with “an automated digital flight and inlet control system to virtually eliminate the Blackbird’s problem of violent engine unstarts at high speed.” It has also been sitting in a controlled area in the Mojave Desert that is great for preservation.
值得一提的是,Isaacman本人非常清楚重新组装高端复古军用飞机所需的时间和资源。他创立了一家名为 Draken International 的私人航空公司,该公司曾拥有世界上规模最大的私人空军,配备了众多老旧的喷气式飞机。他的个人收藏中包括一架已解除军事用途的乌克兰产 MiG-29UB 喷气式飞机,他经常驾驶这架飞机进行飞行。此外,他还在努力修复一架前英国皇家空军的 Panavia Tornado F2 战斗机;如果这架飞机能够恢复飞行状态,它将成为世界上最复杂的私人军用喷气式飞机。
It is also worth pointing out here that Isaacman is personally aware of the time and resources it takes to reconstitute high-end vintage military aircraft. He founded private ‘red air’ aggressor firm Draken International making him once the owner of the world’s largest private air force stocked with old jets. His own private collection includes a demilitarized, ex-Ukrainian two-seat MiG-29UB that he flies regularly. He has also been working to restore a former Royal Air Force swing-wing Panavia Tornado F2 interceptor, which would be the most complex private military jet flying, if or when it returned to working condition.
相比之下,SR-71 则属于完全不同的类别:即使在服役生涯的巅峰时期,它也始终是一种“高需求、低使用频率”的特种装备。全球仅制造了 32 架 SR-71,而且这种飞机的操作和维护成本极高。该飞机搭载的 Pratt & Whitney J58 涡轮喷气发动机使用的是 JP-7 燃料,而这种燃料目前已停止生产。9·11 事件后,有人曾提出让 SR-71 重新投入服役以支持反恐战争,但预计所需的维修费用将在 4000 万至 4500 万美元之间——而这仅仅是在 SR-71 最后一次飞行两年后提出的建议。
At the same time, the SR-71 is in a completely different category, having been the very definition of a high-demand, low-density asset even at the very peak of its service life with the Air Force. Only 32 of these jets were ever built, and they were notoriously complex and expensive to operate and maintain. The aircraft’s Pratt & Whitney J58 turbojets ran on JP-7 fuel that is no longer in regular production. After 9/11, the possibility was raised of returning a Blackbird to service to support the Global War on Terror, but doing so was projected to cost between $40 and $45 million – and that was just two years after 844’s last flight.
根据 Isaacman 上周的言论,SR-71 也有可能会以全新的设计形式重新投入使用;甚至有可能对其进行改装,使其具备无人驾驶或仅需飞行员协助即可飞行的功能。不过,任何这样的改装工作都是一项极其复杂的工程,同时还需要持续维护这架定制化的飞机。正如我们之前所提到的,NASA 也可能在爱德华兹空军基地利用 SR-71 的技术数据来指导未来的飞机设计。
There is also a possibility, in line with Isaacman’s comments last week, that 844 could re-merge in a substantially different, reworked form. There is even the potential it could be retrofitted for uncrewed, or at least pilot-optional, flight. Any such conversion effort would also be a major undertaking, as would sustaining the resulting bespoke jet. As we noted earlier, NASA could also use the SR-71 at Edwards to help inform other future designs.
当然,这一切也可能只是巧合;也许这架 SR-71 只是在接受常规的维护和保养而已。不过,考虑到 Isaacman 目前正在推动新型 X 系列飞机的研发工作,它长达数月的“失踪”确实是一个值得关注的现象。
At the same time, maybe this is all a coincidence and the SR-71 in question is getting some other form of TLC, but its months-long absence is certainly a curious development in light of the current push for new X-planes under Isaacman’s leadership. NASA has now provided with the following statement in response to our queries for more information about SR-71 tail number 844:
针对我们关于 SR-71 飞机(编号 844)的进一步信息请求,NASA 发表了以下声明:我们注意到,NASA 局长贾里德·艾萨克曼在 7 月的 EAA AirVenture 航空展上就 SR-71 飞机发表了更多评论。他在演讲中表示:“如今,F-22 Raptor 战斗机上所采用的许多技术(如推力矢量控制、电传操纵系统等)其实都是由 NASA 开创的。这些技术最初是在 SR-71 Blackbird 飞机研发期间发展起来的。我们正在重新打造我们的 X 系列实验飞机项目——我们的目标是要让这些飞机飞得更高、更快,甚至突破大气层的界限,目前这项工作正在进行中。”
It has come to our attention that NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman made additional comments regarding the SR-71 at the EAA AirVenture airshow in July. “There was a time that a lot of the technology that you see demonstrated here in the F-22 Raptor, like thrust vectoring controls, fly-by-wire, was pioneered by NASA. This is during the days when we had X-planes that included the SR71 Blackbird,” Isaacman said during a speech at the event. “We’re rebuilding our X-plane uh portfolio. We’re going higher, we’re going faster, until we blur the lines between in and out of the atmosphere, and that’s underway right now.”
在随后的问答环节中,当被问及是否有开发新型载人高超音速飞机或 SR-71 的继任者的计划时,艾萨克曼补充道:“NASA 打算推出一系列令人兴奋、技术先进且具有实用价值的 X 系列实验飞机。我们的目标是要让这些飞机飞得比以往任何时候都更高、更快。让我们看看未来几年能否实现这一目标吧……从研发角度来看,这确实是一个非常值得关注的领域。”
“I’d say that NASA intends to field an exciting, inspiring, and technologically useful portfolio of X-planes, and I want us to go higher and faster than we’ve ever gone before,” he added during a subsequent question-and-answer session when asked specifically about any plans for a new crewed hypersonic aircraft or a successor to the SR-71. “We’ll see if we can pull anything off in the next handful of years, but, yeah, that is an area of great interest from a developmental perspective.” The SR-71 also came up during a separate panel discussion at the AirVenture show, which included Isaacman.
在 AirVenture 航空展的另一个小组讨论会上,艾萨克曼也谈到了 SR-71 飞机。一位观众问道:“有哪些你从未驾驶过的飞机,你想尝试驾驶一下?”艾萨克曼毫不犹豫地回答:“SR-71 Blackbird!”其他小组成员也表示赞同。主持人接着问道:“贾里德,你们有能力让 SR-71 重新投入飞行吗?”艾萨克曼回答:“这属于机密信息,无法透露。”
“What aircraft that you haven’t flown would you like to try?” a member of the audience asked. “SR-71 Blackbird,” Isaacman chimed in first without any hesitation. The other panelists agreed. “Do you have the power to bring that back then, Jared? That’s the next question,” the panel’s moderator added. “That’s classified,” Isaacman responded. The post An SR-71 Blackbird Has Vanished