特朗普政府正在请求最高法院重新审理这一重要的移民案件:即那些被认定为犯罪的外籍人士在驱逐程序期间是否必须被无条件关押,或者当他们的拘留时间过长时,他们是否有权获得听证会。
The Trump administration is asking the Supreme Court to revive a major immigration fight over whether criminal aliens can be held without bond throughout removal proceedings or are entitled to a hearing when their detention drags on.
美国司法部长约翰·索尔(John Sauer)于周一向最高法院提出申请,要求重新审理“Genalo v. D.C.”案件。这一案件原本计划在本届司法年度内由最高法院审理,但由于纽约州民主党州长凯西·霍丘尔(Kathy Hochul)对涉案罪犯的赦免,该案件已变得无关紧要(即不再具有法律意义)。
Solicitor General John Sauer asked the Supreme Court on Monday to take up Genalo v. D.C., reviving a constitutional fight the justices had been set to hear this term in Genalo v. Black before New York Democratic Gov. Kathy Hochul’s pardon rendered that case moot. At the center of the dispute is D.C., a Dominican national who is facing removal after a criminal history that includes drug trafficking and domestic violence charges. He had previously been removed from the United States on six occasions, according to ICE.
争议的焦点是Genalo——一名多米尼加籍公民,他因涉及毒品贩卖和家庭暴力等犯罪行为而面临被驱逐的处罚。根据美国移民与海关执法局(ICE)的记录,他此前已被多次驱逐出美国。
Federal law requires certain criminal aliens to remain in custody while their deportation cases play out. But the Second Circuit has ruled that if they are detained for too long, they are entitled to a bond hearing at which the government must make the case for keeping them in custody.
联邦法律规定,某些被认定为犯罪的外籍人士在驱逐程序期间必须被关押。但第二巡回上诉法院曾裁定:如果他们的拘留时间过长,他们有权要求举行听证会,届时政府必须说明继续关押他们的合法依据。
Federal law requires certain criminal aliens to remain in custody while their deportation cases play out. But the Second Circuit has ruled that if they are detained for too long, they are entitled to a bond hearing at which the government must make the case for keeping them in custody.
纽约州州长对这名已被定罪的罪犯的赦免行为严重扰乱了最高法院在移民问题上的裁决一致性。其他上诉法院对此采取了不同的处理方式,导致全国范围内关于哪些宪法条款应适用于此类案件存在分歧。
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“因此,这些被关押的犯罪外籍人士是否有权获得听证会,目前仍取决于他们所在的司法管辖区,”佛罗里达州立大学法学教授迈克尔·莫利(Michael Morley)对Fox News Digital表示。“因此,政府正在请求最高法院为全国范围内统一这一法律解释。”特朗普政府的这一请求在程序上并不寻常,因为“Genalo v. D.C.”案件仍在第二巡回上诉法院审理中。索尔希望最高法院能在该上诉法院作出裁决之前介入并作出统一规定。
"So the rights of these criminal aliens who were being detained, whether or not they're entitled to a bond hearing as of right now depends on which jurisdiction they happen to fall in," Michael Morley, a Florida State University law professor, told Fox News Digital. "And so the government is asking the Supreme Court to set one uniform interpretation for the entire country." The Trump administration's petition is procedurally unusual because Genalo v. D.C. is still pending before the Second Circuit. Sauer is asking the Supreme Court to intervene before the appeals court issues its decision. "Rather than making the court go through those motions, you just hear this case now, hear this case directly, even before the Second Circuit has had the opportunity to rule," Morley told Fox News Digital.
“与其让法庭走那些繁琐的程序,不如现在就直接审理这个案件——甚至在第二巡回上诉法院有机会作出裁决之前就进行审理,”莫利对 Fox News Digital 说道。
The legal dispute could also determine who carries the burden when a bond hearing is required.
这场法律纠纷还可能决定在需要举行保释听证会时,举证责任应由谁承担。
Under the Second Circuit's approach, the government must show that a detainee poses a flight risk or danger to the community. The administration argued that if the Constitution requires such hearings, the burden should instead fall on the detainee seeking release.
根据第二巡回上诉法院的判例,政府必须证明被拘留者存在逃跑的风险或对社区构成威胁。政府方面认为,如果宪法确实要求举行此类听证会,那么举证责任应该由寻求获释的被拘留者承担。
Under the Second Circuit's approach, the government must show that a detainee poses a flight risk or danger to the community. The administration argued that if the Constitution requires such hearings, the burden should instead fall on the detainee seeking release. Lawyers supporting the administration argue that some detainees could delay their removal cases, then use the length of their detention to seek release on bond.
支持政府的律师们指出,一些被拘留者可能会故意拖延自己的遣返程序,然后利用被拘留的时间来争取保释。
"The biggest issue that happens here is gamemanship," Chad Mizelle, chair of litigation at the America First Policy Institute and a former acting associate attorney general, told Fox News Digital.
“这里最大的问题就是那些被拘留者故意拖延诉讼进程,”美国第一政策研究所(America First Policy Institute)的诉讼部门负责人、前美国司法部副部长查德·米泽尔(Chad Mizelle)对 Fox News Digital 说,“很多时候,这些外国人会多次申请庇护、拖延遣返程序;他们会更换律师、请求延期审理……结果他们自己却因此被关押了六七个月甚至更长时间。”
"The biggest issue that happens here is gamemanship," Chad Mizelle, chair of litigation at the America First Policy Institute and a former acting associate attorney general, told Fox News Digital. "A lot of times these aliens will file multiple applications for asylum, withholding removal. They'll get new attorneys, switch out attorneys, ask for continuances, ask for delays," Mizelle said. "So all of a sudden they've been in detention now, six, seven, eight months, completely of their own making." FEDERAL APPEALS COURT DEALS BLOW TO TRUMP DEPORTATION AGENDA Mizelle argued that if prolonged detention eventually gives a detainee the right to seek bond, it could create an incentive to stretch proceedings long enough to reach that point.
米泽尔进一步指出:“如果长期拘留最终使被拘留者获得了申请保释的权利,这反而会促使他们故意延长诉讼过程,以达到这一目的。”
"A lot of times these aliens will file multiple applications for asylum, withholding removal. They'll get new attorneys, switch out attorneys, ask for continuances, ask for delays," Mizelle said. "So all of a sudden they've been in detention now, six, seven, eight months, completely of their own making." FEDERAL APPEALS COURT DEALS BLOW TO TRUMP DEPORTATION AGENDA Mizelle argued that if prolonged detention eventually gives a detainee the right to seek bond, it could create an incentive to stretch proceedings long enough to reach that point.
“他们会更换律师。他们会就庇护和暂缓遣送提出无理的呈请。他们会不断地要求延期,一次又一次地延期,”米泽尔说。“他们会想尽一切办法把时间拖长,六个月、七个月、八个月,提交人身保护令呈请,声称他们有权参加保释听证会,然后一旦获释就潜逃。”
"They would switch out attorneys. They would make frivolous filings regarding asylum, regarding withholding of removal. They would ask for delays and continuances upon delays and continuances," Mizelle said. "They'll do everything they can to try to stretch this out, six months, seven months, eight months, file a habeas petition, say that they're entitled to a bond hearing, and then if they are released, abscond."
司法危机网络(Judicial Crisis Network)主席卡丽·塞韦里诺(Carrie Severino)同样将这种额外的诉讼描述为一种“拖延时间、阻挠运转的做法”。塞韦里诺对福克斯新闻数字频道(Fox News Digital)表示:“这是一种试图拖延、试图耗尽时间的手法,或者你知道的,问题在于这根本就设没有时间限制。”
Carrie Severino, president of the Judicial Crisis Network, similarly described the additional litigation as "a foot dragging, sand in the gears exercise." "This is attempting to stall, attempting to run out the clock or just, you know, the question is whether there even is a clock," Severino told Fox News Digital. She pointed to cases such as Demore v. Kim, in which detainees themselves sought additional time during proceedings before later challenging the length of their detention.
她指出了一些案件,例如“德莫尔诉金案”(Demore v. Kim),在这些案件中,被扣押人员自己在诉讼过程中寻求额外的时间,随后又对扣押的时长提出质疑。
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奥巴马和拜登任命的法官再次遭到抨击,特朗普的移民法庭冲突白热化:“几乎不可能” 塞韦里诺说:“因此,这往往是一种两面讨好的情况。一方面,他们在不同的事项上要求更多时间;但另一方面,他们又抱怨整个程序耗时太久。”不过,塞韦里诺也谨慎地表示,她无法揣测每一位被扣押人员的动机。
SIGN UP TO GET THE POLITICS NEWSLETTER "So, it's often a situation where people are playing both sides of it," Severino said. "But they're asking for more time on different things, but then at the same time complaining that the whole process is taking too long." However, Severino cautioned that she could not speak to the motivations of every detainee.
最高法院此前曾维持在遣送程序期间进行强制扣押的裁决,但莫利表示,最高法院对目前处于政府请愿核心地位的宪法问题仍未做定论。
The Supreme Court has previously upheld mandatory detention during removal proceedings, but Morley said the high court has left open the constitutional question now at the center of the administration's petition.
莫利说:“这是一个可以说是[最高法院]特意留待以后在未来的案件中再进行裁决的问题。”政府现在正要求大法官们不要再等待另一个案件了。
"This is a question that the [Supreme Court] itself went out of its way, you can say, to leave open for adjudication in a future case," Morley said. The administration is now asking the justices not to wait for another one.
莫利说:“你们想要解决这个案件。这里有另一个案件,它提出了完全相同的问题,能让你们在本庭解决巡回法院的分歧。所以基本上,就是用这个案件来替代那个已经失去诉讼意义的案件。”福克斯新闻数字频道已联系司法部寻求置评。
"You wanted to resolve this case. Here's another case that presents the same exact question that lets you resolve the circuit split this term," Morley said. "So basically, substitute this case for the moot case." Fox News Digital reached out to the Justice Department for comment.