法国在核燃料循环方面对俄罗斯的持续依赖正面临新的法律挑战。绿色和平组织（Greenpeace）试图迫使法国国家电力公司EDF正视其与俄罗斯国家核能集团Rosatom合作所带来的环境、健康和人权问题。
France’s continuing reliance on Russia for part of its nuclear fuel cycle is facing a new legal challenge, with Greenpeace seeking to force French state electricity company EDF to address the environmental, health and human rights implications of its dealings with Russian state nuclear group Rosatom.
2022年，俄罗斯全面入侵乌克兰后不久，绿色和平法国分会揭露：法国将经过再处理的铀（称为“RepU”）运往位于西伯利亚的Rosatom塞维尔斯克（Seversk）工厂进行转化处理，这些铀最终将被用作法国核电站的燃料。在法国政府的命令下，EDF随即停止了相关出口活动。
In 2022, shortly after Russia launched its full-scale invasion of Ukraine, Greenpeace France revealed that reprocessed uranium – known as RepU – was being shipped to Rosatom's Seversk site in Siberia for conversion so it can eventually be reused as fuel in French nuclear power plants. EDF subsequently halted the exports after being ordered to do so by the French government.
然而，2025年11月，绿色和平法国分会再次指出：尽管乌克兰战争仍在持续，这些铀的运输活动仍通过敦刻尔克（Dunkirk）港口重新恢复。塞维尔斯克工厂仍是全球唯一具备这种铀转化能力的设施。
However, in November 2025 Greenpeace France revealed that shipments had resumed through the port of Dunkirk, despite the continuing war in Ukraine. Seversk remains the only facility in the world capable of carrying out the conversion of this reprocessed uranium.
2026年5月，绿色和平组织对欧洲方面缺乏针对俄罗斯核能行业的制裁措施表示担忧（尽管此前已对俄罗斯的石油和天然气出口实施了禁令）。该非政府组织依据法国2017年颁布的《企业监督法》（Corporate Duty of Vigilance Law）对EDF的应对措施提出质疑。根据该法律，法国大型企业有义务识别并采取措施，防止自身业务活动对人权、健康、安全及环境造成严重威胁。
France arrests activists blocking ship over alleged Russia uranium links Omission of risks In May 2026, Greenpeace raised concerns about the lack of European sanctions targeting Russia's nuclear sector, when import bans had already been imposed on Russian oil and gas. The NGO is now challenging EDF's handling of those activities under France's corporate duty of vigilance law. Under this 2017 law, large French companies must identify and take steps to prevent serious risks to human rights, health and safety and the environment resulting from their activities.
在本月发出的正式通知中，绿色和平组织指责EDF在2024年和2025年的企业监督计划中未能充分评估其与俄罗斯合作所带来的相关风险，包括环境破坏、工人健康与安全风险以及可能发生的严重人权侵犯问题。绿色和平组织要求EDF在三个月内作出回应，并表示若EDF不予回应，他们将把此事提交巴黎法院处理。
In a formal notice sent this month, Greenpeace accused EDF of failing to include key risks linked to its Russian operations in its 2024 and 2025 vigilance plans – including environmental damage, risks to workers' health and safety and the possibility of serious human rights violations. It has given EDF three months to respond to its formal notice and says it could then take the matter to the Paris Judicial Court.
绿色和平组织表示，在塞韦尔斯克（Seversk）对再处理过的铀进行加工存在污染风险，同时也会对生物多样性造成破坏。该组织还指出，被送往该地的铀材料中约有90%仍以放射性物质和废物的形式存在于现场。
Greenpeace says the processing of reprocessed uranium at Seversk carries risks of pollution and damage to biodiversity. It also says approximately 90 percent of the material sent there remains at the site in the form of radioactive materials and waste.
“法国电力公司（EDF）一方面公开宣扬其铀循环利用计划属于循环经济的一部分，另一方面却对这一过程所带来的环境、健康及人类影响（包括在国外发生的这些影响）视而不见，”绿色和平组织法国分部的能源转型与核能问题活动家罗杰·斯波茨（Roger Spautz）说道。
"EDF cannot simultaneously publicly promote its uranium cycle as part of the circular economy while glossing over the environmental, health and human impacts of that cycle – including those occurring abroad," Roger Spautz, Energy Transition and Nuclear Campaigner for Greenpeace France, said.
由于核废料处理项目的成本已高达330亿欧元，法国政府计划对此展开调查。绿色和平组织还提到了法国核安全透明与信息高级委员会（HCTISN）在2012年访问塞韦尔斯克时所发现的问题。
France plans inquiry as cost of nuclear waste project hits €33bn Forced labour Greenpeace also pointed to the condition of facilities at Seversk during a 2012 visit by France's High Committee for Transparency and Information on Nuclear Safety (HCTISN). The NGO says the site has a history of accidents involving the release of radioactive material into the environment, including an explosion on 6 April, 1993.
该非政府组织指出，该设施历史上曾多次发生放射性物质泄漏事故，其中最严重的一次发生在1993年4月6日。此外，参与铀转化和浓缩工作的工人面临着严重的健康与安全风险。
It added that workers involved in converting and re-enriching uranium face serious health and safety risks. Its third concern relates to human rights and Rosatom's activities in Russian-occupied Ukraine.
绿色和平组织的第三个担忧与人权问题以及俄罗斯国家原子能公司（Rosatom）在俄罗斯占领的乌克兰地区的活动有关。国际劳工组织曾报告称，在俄罗斯占领期间，乌克兰扎波罗热核电站的工人遭受了强迫劳动、胁迫、工会自由受到限制以及严重的职业安全风险。
The International Labour Organisation has reported that workers at Ukraine's Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant have faced forced labour, coercion, interference with freedom of association and serious workplace safety risks under Russian occupation. "By leaving these activities in its blind spot, EDF is failing to meet its obligations under the duty of vigilance," Charlotte Rohmer, a legal expert at Greenpeace France, said.
“法国电力公司对这些问题的忽视，表明它未能履行自身的监督责任，”绿色和平组织法国分部的法律专家夏洛特·罗默（Charlotte Rohmer）表示。“该公司必须更新其监督计划，公开其俄罗斯境内业务活动的后果。”绿色和平组织要求法国电力公司完成风险评估，定期审查俄罗斯国家原子能公司及其旗下或控制的公司的情况，采取措施来预防或减少潜在风险，并建立监测机制以评估这些措施的有效性。
"The company must update its vigilance plan and thereby shed light on the consequences of its activities in Russia." Greenpeace is asking EDF to complete its risk assessment, regularly assess Rosatom and companies it owns or controls, introduce measures to prevent or reduce serious risks and publish a system for monitoring whether those measures work.
法国称欧盟必须通过民用核能实现能源自给自足 除了向西伯利亚输送后处理铀，法国还从哈萨克斯坦和乌兹别克斯坦进口天然铀，部分供应通过与俄罗斯有关联的物流网络运输。
France says EU must obtain energy self-reliance through civilian nuclear power As well as sending reprocessed uranium to Siberia, France also imports natural uranium from Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, with some supplies passing through logistics networks linked to Russia.
总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙在3月于巴黎举行的世界核能峰会上谈及法国对俄罗斯的依赖，同时主张核能有助于提供负担得起的能源、减少碳排放并增强战略自主。
President Emmanuel Macron addressed France's dependence on Russia at the World Nuclear Summit in Paris in March, while arguing that nuclear power could help provide affordable energy, reduce carbon emissions and strengthen strategic autonomy.
他还呼吁加强国际合作，以实现核燃料供应多元化，减少对俄罗斯核燃料循环服务的依赖。
He also called for greater international cooperation to diversify nuclear supplies and reduce dependence on Russian nuclear fuel-cycle services.