美国海军陆战队正在采购 Anduril Pulsar-L 电子战干扰装置,以满足一项紧迫的作战需求——即更好地保护其 8×8 轮式两栖战斗车辆(ACV)免受无人机的威胁。这是该部队为提升 ACV 对抗无人驾驶飞行器、反坦克导弹及其他威胁能力的整体努力的一部分。如今,无人机带来的威胁已经变得非常现实;事实上,即便是乌克兰最先进的重型装甲车辆也未能有效抵御这些威胁。
The U.S. Marine Corps is buying Anduril Pulsar-L electronic warfare jammers to meet an urgent operational need to better protect its 8×8 wheeled Amphibious Combat Vehicles (ACV) from drones. This is part of broader efforts the service is pursuing to boost the ACV’s defenses against uncrewed aerial attackers, as well as incoming anti-tank guided missiles and other threats. Drone threats are real now and have notably sidelined even the most advanced heavy armor in Ukraine.
海军陆战队系统司令部(MARCORSYSCOM)昨日宣布,已与 Anduril 公司达成了一份独家采购协议,合同金额为 1,571.14455 万美元,具体采购的 Pulsar-L 干扰装置数量尚未公布。这一决定是在该司令部上个月发布的采购意向声明之后作出的。Anduril 公司于 2025 年 4 月首次推出了 Pulsar-L——这是其 Pulsar 电子战系统系列中的新型轻型产品。
Marine Corps Systems Command (MARCORSYSCOM) announced it had awarded a sole-source deal to Anduril, valued at $15,711,445.50, for an unspecified number of Pulsar-Ls, yesterday. This follows a statement of intent the Command put out last month. Anduril first unveiled Pulsar-L, a lightweight addition to its larger Pulsar family of electronic warfare systems, in April 2025. The Marine Corps had 150 baseline personnel carrier variants of the ACV (or ACV-Ps), as well as 21 command-and-control ACV-C versions, in inventory as of April 2026. The default armament for ACV-P currently is just a single .50 caliber M2 machine gun in a remote weapon station on top of the hull. The service’s goal is to eventually acquire 389 ACV-Ps and 33 ACV-Cs, as well as 152 ACV-30s with new 30mm cannon-armed turrets and 34 ACV-R armored recovery vehicle variants. The ACV family has already supplanted the Marine Corps’ previous fleet of tracked Assault Amphibious Vehicles (AAV).
截至 2026 年 4 月,海军陆战队共拥有 150 辆基础型的 ACV(ACV-P)以及 21 辆用于指挥与控制的 ACV-C 型车辆。目前,ACV-P 的标准武器仅是一挺安装在车体顶部的 .50 口径 M2 机枪。该部队的目标是最终采购 389 辆 ACV-P、33 辆 ACV-C、152 辆配备 30 毫米火炮的 ACV-30,以及 34 辆 ACV-R 装甲救援车辆。ACV 系列已经完全取代了海军陆战队此前使用的履带式两栖突击车辆(AAV)。
“The Anduril Pulsar-L system is a platform-integrated omni-directional SK C-UAS [soft-kill counter-uncrewed aerial systems] with a combined sensor/jammer package that detects, tracks, identifies, and defeats radio frequency-dependent Group 1 and Group 2 Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs),” MARCORSYSCOM wrote in a justification for the sole-source contract, which was also released yesterday. “Additionally, the system provides counter positioning, navigation, and timing capabilities.” The U.S. military definition of a Group 1 drone is any design weighing up to 20 pounds, that is able to fly up to an altitude of 1,200 feet, and that can reach speeds of up to 100 knots. Group 2 is the next tier up, encompassing types with gross weights between 21 and 55 pounds, that can get up to an altitude of 3,500 feet, and hit top speeds of up to 250 knots. Kamikaze drones and other small weaponized types that fall into Groups 1 and 2 are used on a daily basis in Ukraine to attack armored vehicles, as well as unarmored vehicles and personnel. These are threats that have been steadily expanding to other hotspots globally, and that we will come back to later on.
“安杜里尔公司的Pulsar-L系统是一种平台集成的全向软杀伤反无人机系统,配备传感器/干扰器组合套件,可探测、跟踪、识别并击败依赖射频的第1类和第2类无人机系统,”MARCORSYSCOM在昨日同样发布的独家来源合同理由说明中写道。“此外,该系统还提供反定位、导航和授时能力。”美军对第1类无人机的定义是重量不超过20磅、飞行高度可达1200英尺、速度可达100节的设计。第2类是更高一级,涵盖总重量在21至55磅之间、飞行高度可达3500英尺、最高速度可达250节的类型。属于第1类和第2类的自杀式无人机及其他小型武器化类型在乌克兰每天都被用于攻击装甲车辆以及非装甲车辆和人员。这些威胁正在稳步向全球其他热点地区扩展,我们稍后将对此进行进一步讨论。
“The Anduril Pulsar-L system is a platform-integrated omni-directional SK C-UAS [soft-kill counter-uncrewed aerial systems] with a combined sensor/jammer package that detects, tracks, identifies, and defeats radio frequency-dependent Group 1 and Group 2 Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs),” MARCORSYSCOM wrote in a justification for the sole-source contract, which was also released yesterday. “Additionally, the system provides counter positioning, navigation, and timing capabilities.” The U.S. military definition of a Group 1 drone is any design weighing up to 20 pounds, that is able to fly up to an altitude of 1,200 feet, and that can reach speeds of up to 100 knots. Group 2 is the next tier up, encompassing types with gross weights between 21 and 55 pounds, that can get up to an altitude of 3,500 feet, and hit top speeds of up to 250 knots. Kamikaze drones and other small weaponized types that fall into Groups 1 and 2 are used on a daily basis in Ukraine to attack armored vehicles, as well as unarmored vehicles and personnel. These are threats that have been steadily expanding to other hotspots globally, and that we will come back to later on.
此外,据美国海军陆战队系统司令部(MARCORSYSCOM)表示,“Pulsar-L 是唯一能够安装在 ACV 上的解决方案,可在陆地以及海上/滨海环境中,为 ACV 提供一种机动且内建的作战手段,在不超过 SK C-UAS 解决方案获配的有限 ACV 空间、重量和电力额度的情况下,有效且同步地执行针对敌对无人机系统的完整杀伤链。”“这将为 ACV 提供关键的防御能力,在不牺牲 ACV 机动性和作战节奏的同时,直接提升其生存能力和部队防护能力。”
Furthermore, “the Pulsar-L is the only solution capable of being mounted on the ACV to provide a mobile and organic means to effectively and simultaneously execute the entire kill-chain against hostile UASs in the deployed land and mai·itime/littoral environment while not exceeding the limited ACV space, weight, and power claim allotted to the SK C-UAS solution,” according to MARCORSYSCOM. “This will provide the ACV with an essential defensive capability, directly contributing to increased survivability and force protection while not sacrificing the mobility and operational tempo of the ACV.”
justification 文件补充称,Pulsar-L“已被特种作战司令部采用,原因在于该系统重量轻,已证明具备拦截多个无人机系统的性能,并可在静止或机动状态下同步执行完整杀伤链。”“此外,它是目前已知唯一能够满足以下最低要求的商业可用系统:无需频繁更新预设威胁数据库,即可快速识别和应对新出现的无人机技术与战术。Pulsar-L 是唯一采用机器学习技术、能够不断适应这些持续变化的威胁而无需厂商更新的解决方案,使作战人员能够在战斗中持续发挥效能。”总体而言,后者是电子战系统尤其需要考虑的重要问题,因为只有准确探测、分类并应对不同波形,电子战系统才能发挥最大效能。新波形的出现、现有波形发射方式的变化,以及新战术、技术和流程的问世,都可能对系统性能产生不利影响。长期以来,通过更新内置威胁库来应对这些发展变化的过程既漫长又复杂。
Pulsar-L is already “in use by the Special Operations Command due to the system’s low weight, proven performance in engaging multiple UASs, and simultaneous execution of the full kill-chain while static or on the move,” the justification document adds. “Additionally, it is the only known commercially available system that meets the minimum requirement to rapidly identify and respond to emerging UAS technologies and tactics without frequent updates to predefined threat data libraries. The Pulsar-L is the only solution that uses machine based learning to continually adapt to these ever-changing threats without requiring vendor updates, allowing the warfighters to continually be effective in the fight.” The latter point here is a particularly important consideration for electronic warfare systems, in general, which need to be able to accurately detect, categorize, and respond to different waveforms to be most effective. The emergence of new waveforms, as well as changes to how existing ones are emitted, together with new tactics, techniques, and procedures, can all negatively impact a system’s performance. Historically, the process of responding to those developments with updates to built-in threat libraries has been lengthy and complex. The conflict in Ukraine has shown that the cycle of new developments in the electromagnetic spectrum and then the need for new countermeasures can be regularly measured in weeks.
乌克兰的冲突表明:电磁频谱领域的新发展以及随之产生的新应对措施的需求,其出现周期通常以“几周”为单位来衡量。
The U.S. military has been heavily investing in so-called cognitive electronic warfare capabilities to help automate and otherwise accelerate various aspects of this process. The ability of a particular electronic warfare suite to adapt autonomously in real-time, even in the middle of operations, has been viewed as the absolute ‘holy grail’ of this concept, which you canabout here. How exactly Pulsar-L leverages machine-learning and artificial intelligence to this end, and the speed with which it can adapt to changing threats, is still not entirely clear.
美国军方一直在大力投资所谓的“认知电子战”技术,以自动化并加速这一过程的各个环节。某种电子战系统能够在实时环境中(甚至在作战过程中)自主适应环境变化的能力,被视为这一技术的“终极目标”。不过,Pulsar-L系统究竟是如何利用机器学习和人工智能来实现这一目标的,以及它适应威胁变化的速度究竟有多快,目前仍不完全清楚。
The U.S. military has been heavily investing in so-called cognitive electronic warfare capabilities to help automate and otherwise accelerate various aspects of this process. The ability of a particular electronic warfare suite to adapt autonomously in real-time, even in the middle of operations, has been viewed as the absolute ‘holy grail’ of this concept, which you canabout here. How exactly Pulsar-L leverages machine-learning and artificial intelligence to this end, and the speed with which it can adapt to changing threats, is still not entirely clear.
无论如何,该说明文件强调:“目前存在一种非常紧迫的需求,即需要迅速将 SK 型反无人机系统(SK C-UAS)部署到前线部队手中;因为海军陆战队目前缺乏应对新兴无人机威胁的自卫能力。”文件指出:“如果无法满足这一需求,海军陆战队将面临不必要的风险,可能导致任务失败甚至人员伤亡,并影响政府在战区保护他们安全的能力。”不过,MARCORSYSCOM 在解释为何与 Anduril 公司签订独家采购协议时,并未详细说明促使该协议签订的紧迫性——该协议直到 4 月 7 日才正式生效。值得注意的是,这一时间点大约在美国和以色列首次对伊朗发动大规模军事行动一周之后;伊朗是各类武装无人机的研发和使用者。虽然目前尚无确凿证据表明这两者之间存在直接联系,但伊朗的无人机、导弹及其他军事手段确实对美国在该地区的部队构成了威胁。最近我们也获得了更多关于海军陆战队前线部队如何参与这些军事行动的细节。无论未来的两栖登陆行动发生在何处,反无人机能力都将成为至关重要的保障因素。
Regardless, “there is an unusual and compelling need for the rapid deployment of SK C-UASs to forward-deployed ground units as Marines currently lack the ability to conduct self-defense against emerging UAS threats,” the justification document stresses. “Failure to deliver this capability places Marines at unnecessary risk, potentially leading to mission failure and loss of life, and hampers the Government’s ability to keep them safe during forward deployments.” MARCORSYSCOM’s justification for the sole-source deal to Anduril does not otherwise elaborate on the urgent requirements that drove the deal, which it says were only formalized on April 7. That is notably roughly a week after the United States and Israel first launched major combat operations against Iran, which is a prolific developer and user of various tiers of weaponized drones. There is no explicit confirmation of any link, but Iranian drones, as well as missiles and other capabilities, have been a real threat to U.S. forces in the region. We have also just gained more insights recently into how forward-deployed Marine Corps elements contributed to those operations. Counter-drone capabilities would also be especially critical in any future amphibious landing operation, wherever it might occur.
需要强调的是,第 1 类和第 2 类武装无人机的威胁并不局限于伊朗和中东地区,这类威胁也并非新鲜事物。随着时间的推移,这类武器很可能会在全球冲突地区的国家武装力量和非国家行为体手中变得更加普遍。这些威胁的性质也在不断演变,尤其是在自动化瞄准技术方面;这一趋势在很大程度上得益于人工智能技术的快速发展(相关内容已在以往的报告中有过详细探讨)。
All that being said, threats posed by armed Group 1 and 2 drones are not at all limited to Iran and the Middle East, nor are they new. They are only likely to become a more ubiquitous feature in the hands of nation-state armed forces and non-state actors in conflict zones globally as time goes on. The nature of these threats is also expanding significantly in scale and scope, especially when it comes to more automated targeting capabilities, thanks heavily to the increasing democratization of AI-driven technologies, something has explored in depth in the past.
乌克兰冲突催生了该领域的一系列重要发展:电子战系统被广泛用于对抗无人机;同时,人们开始使用抗干扰能力更强的光纤控制链路,以及具有高弹性的网状(或临时组建的)通信网络来增强系统的稳定性。
A number of other significant developments in this arena have emerged from the conflict in Ukraine, where electronic warfare systems are heavily employed against drones. This includes the introduction of physical fiber-optic control links that cannot be jammed, as well as the use of mesh-like and often ad-hoc networks to increase resiliency.
乌克兰的战斗也凸显了小型自杀式无人机对装甲车辆的威胁——这些无人机的防护能力其实远比海军陆战队的ACV( amphibious combat vehicles)更为强大。由于持续不断的无人机攻击,乌克兰军队已不得不将M1艾布拉姆斯主战坦克等重型武器暂时撤出战斗前线。
The fighting in Ukraine has also underscored the threat that even small kamikaze drones pose to armored vehicles, including types that are far more heavily protected to start with than the Marine Corps’ ACVs. As mentioned, Ukrainian forces have been sidelining their M1 Abrams and other main battle tanks in the face of constant drone attacks.
海军陆战队发布“Pulsar-L”装备采购指令时明确表示,这只是提升ACV防御能力的整体计划的一部分。文件最后提到:“海军陆战队的‘SK C-UAS’(Specialized Counter-UAV)项目计划于2027财年正式启动;该项目所需的各项组件将通过公开、透明的招标流程进行采购,因为预计到那时,先进的非动能防御技术及专门针对无人机的防御系统已经成熟。”海军陆战队官员此前也曾表示,他们计划将主动防护系统(APS)与C-UAS防御能力以及其他防御措施整合到ACV舰队中。
MARCORSYSCOM’s justification for the Pulsar-L order makes clear that this is just one part of a larger plan to boost the ACV’s defenses. “Marine Corps program of record for SK C-UAS is planned to initiate in FY27,” the document mentions toward the very end. “The components of this future program will be procured through full and open competition as it is expected that advanced non-kinetic and SK defeat technologies should be mature by this time.” Marine Corps officials have also talked in the past about integrating active protection systems, which could be blended together with C-UAS capabilities, and other defensive features to the service’s ACV fleet.
“我们一直在研究下一代主动防护系统的技术特点,以及如何以轻量化的形式将其应用于ACV平台,”海军陆战队先进两栖攻击项目(PM AAA)的项目经理克里斯·梅尔科尼安(Chris Melkonian)在4月的年度现代海军陆战队展览会上向与会者解释道。
“We’re constantly looking at what the next generation of APS is and how we can get that onto the [ACV] platform in a lightweight form factor,” Chris Melkonian, the Marine Corps’ Program Manager for Advanced Amphibious Assault (PM AAA), told and other attendees at the annual Modern Day Marine exposition in April.
梅尔科宁当时还强调:“提高态势感知能力,在感知周边环境方面,这可以说是进入反无人机领域的门槛。把机上获取的所有视频信号接入反无人机系统,这是一项关键能力。”他补充道:“目前,防止来自上方的攻击是我们正针对该平台研究的一项关键能力。”在装甲车辆(如今还包括其他作战平台)上加装反无人机防护网,尤其是为了抵御来自空中的攻击,这种做法最早于2022年全面入侵乌克兰前夕在俄罗斯出现。然而,如今,这种所谓的“防笼”式装甲已成为全球趋势,美国军队也纷纷采用。
Improved “situational awareness, that’s kind of a gateway to counter-UAS, in terms of the ability to sense your environment,” Melkonian also highlighted at that time. “Take all that video on board and then be able to feed that into [a] counter-UAS system.” Additional “overhead protection right now is a critical thing that we’re working on right now for this platform,” he added. The practice of adding on anti-drone armor screens on armored vehicles (and now other platforms), especially to protect against top-down attacks, first emerged in Russia in the lead-up to the all-out invasion of Ukraine in 2022. However, the installation of this kind of so-called ‘cope cage’ type armor has now become a global trend, including in the U.S. military.
美国海军陆战队还在推进一项更为宏大的计划,为各级部队列装多层级反无人机能力,以更好地保护从海内外固定设施到单个班组的一切目标。
The U.S. Marine Corps is also pressing ahead with a larger vision to field several tiers of counter-drone capabilities at all levels of its forces, to better protect everything from static installations at home and abroad right down to individual squads.
就美国海军陆战队的两栖战车而言,加急订购Pulsar-L是提升这些车辆应对当前威胁能力的重要新举措。与此同时,无人机正日益令装甲车在未来冲突中的作用受到质疑。美国海军陆战队正加紧为两栖战车配备新型反无人机干扰器
When it comes to the Marine Corps ACV fleet, the rush order for Pulsar-Ls is an important new step in boosting those vehicles’ defenses against threats that exist now. At the same time, drones are increasingly calling the role of armored vehicles in future conflicts into question. The post Marines Rushing To Equip Amphibious Combat Vehicles With New Anti-Drone Jammers