两年前搬到乡下时,纳塔莉·达格代尔以为这里会是组建家庭的理想之地。
When she moved to the countryside two years ago, Natalie Dugdale thought it would be the perfect spot to raise her family.
这里靠近北威尔士的一片潟湖,她原以为可以推着婴儿、牵着幼儿,还带上家里的狗,在公共步道上散步。
Close to a lagoon in north Wales, she thought she could walk her baby, toddler and dogs on public footpaths.
但当她观看迈克尔·希恩主演的BBC纪录片,揭露这片潟湖曾是致癌化学物质多氯联苯(PCB)的倾倒场时,纳塔莉深感震惊。
But when she watched Michael Sheen's BBC documentary revealing the lagoon's history as a dumping ground of cancer-causing chemicals known as PCBs, Natalie was shocked.
如今,她加入了一个担忧自己可能因多年接触有毒废料而中毒的团体,并推动在威尔士全境开展自愿血液检测。
Now she is part of a group of people who are worried they may have been poisoned by years of exposure to toxic waste, and are campaigning for voluntary blood testing across Wales.
不过,威尔士公共卫生机构表示,不建议针对多氯联苯进行血液检测,称此举反而会引发更多担忧。
But Wales' public health body has said it does not recommend blood testing for PCBs, saying it would cause more concern.
威尔士公共卫生局(PHW)表示,这类检测无法成为“评估个人受污染程度或潜在健康影响的可靠手段”。
Public Health Wales (PHW) said the tests did not provide "a reliable means of assessing an individual's exposure to contamination or the potential health impact".
一个新成立的活动团体由居住在部分涉事地点附近的人士组成。他们告诉BBC威尔士频道,自己一直“感到恐惧和不安”,并表示进行检测有助于让人“安心”。
Members of a newly formed campaign group for those living alongside some of the sites concerned have told BBC Wales they had been left "frightened and upset" and said testing would help provide "peace of mind".
纳塔莉简直不敢相信,雷克瑟姆郊外的当地湖泊Llwyneinion竟然曾是危险化学物质的倾倒场,她希望推动引入血液检测。
Natalie could not believe her local lake in Llwyneinion, just outside Wrexham, had actually once been a dumping ground for potentially dangerous chemicals and wants to see blood testing introduced.
33岁的纳塔莉说:“我 really 难过,因为我还带着年幼的孩子,他们究竟会接触些什么?”
Natalie could not believe her local lake in Llwyneinion, just outside Wrexham, had actually once been a dumping ground for potentially dangerous chemicals and wants to see blood testing introduced.
最近,一部纪录片讲述了美国化工巨头孟山都历史上曾在雷克瑟姆和纽波特的工厂附近倾倒多氯联苯,Llwyneinion潟湖因此被斥为“英国的耻辱”。
"I was really upset because having young children, what are they being exposed to?," said Natalie, 33. Llwyneinion lagoon was recently branded "a shame on Britain", following the documentary into historical dumping of PCBs by US chemical giant Monsanto, which had factories in Wrexham and Newport.
奈尔·拜尔斯经常带着三个月大的女儿雷恩在附近散步。她表示,血液检测不仅要为了“让人们自己安心”,还应从“全国范围”展示这些社区的检测结果是否存在异常升高。
Nel Byers, who walks around the area with her three-month-old daughter Wren, said that blood testing was needed "for people's own peace of mind" as well as showing "on a national scale" whether these communities had heightened results.
这位来自特雷弗的33岁女子说:“在纪录片播出之前,我完全不知道还有这些事情。”
Nel Byers, who walks around the area with her three-month-old daughter Wren, said that blood testing was needed "for people's own peace of mind" as well as showing "on a national scale" whether these communities had heightened results.
“但那真的很可怕,因为我的孩子们经常在那些地方玩耍,而我们之前根本不知道那些地方其实是被用作垃圾倾倒场的。”《Sheen’s Buried》节目组在拉格昂(lagoon)外围的公共区域采集的土壤样本中检测到了高浓度的有害物质;此外,在该公司在全国范围内设立的另外13个疑似垃圾倾倒点也发现了同样的问题。
"I had no idea about all of this until the doc came out," said the 33-year-old from Trevor. "But it was very scary because there are areas where my children play on that have been dumping grounds - and we had no idea." Sheen's Buried programme team found elevated levels in soil samples taken in an area open to the public beyond the fenced-off lagoon, as well as at 13 other suspected dumpsites for the firm's toxic waste across the country.
“我们现在必须采取主动,为后代发声,表达我们的担忧,”内尔(Nel)补充道。
"We need to be proactive now and voicing our concerns for future generations," added Nel.
“如果他们能对相关人员进行血液检测,或许才会真正开始采取行动。”他们的呼吁源于一项私人资助的检测项目:该项目在兰开夏郡(Lancashire)一家化工厂附近的数十名居民体内检测出了高浓度的所谓‘永久性化学物质’(即难以分解、在环境中长期存在的化学物质)。
"If they get the blood testing done they might actually start doing something about it." Their call comes after privately funded testing found high levels of other so-called forever chemicals in dozens of people living near a chemical factory in Lancashire. Michael Phillips played at Llwyneinion lagoon as a child and, decades later, developed a rare cancer in his shoulder.
迈克尔·菲利普斯(Michael Phillips)小时候曾在Llwyneinion拉格昂玩耍,几十年后他患上了罕见的癌症。这位63岁的老人表示,他的许多朋友也因类似的罕见癌症去世了;他怀疑这些癌症之间可能存在关联,但目前尚未有确凿的证据。
The 63-year-old said many of his friends had died because of similarly rare cancers, which he now suspects were linked, although no proven link has been established. "I would say every person that played in the pool that was close to me, apart from one friend who had an operation to get rid of it, is dead," said Michael. "It's got to stop." Michael was also found to have "very high" levels of PCBs in his blood - after private testing commissioned for the documentary.
“除了一个通过手术切除了相关病灶的朋友外,所有在我附近玩耍过的人都已经去世了,”迈克尔说。“这种情况必须停止!”根据为这部纪录片委托进行的私人检测,迈克尔体内的多氯联苯(PCBs)含量也极高。
The banned chemicals were once widely used and revered for being non-flammable and hard to break down - but are seen today as the first "forever chemicals" which are building up in the environment, threatening wildlife and human health.
这些被禁止使用的化学物质曾经被广泛使用,因为它们具有不易燃、难以分解的特性;但如今它们被视为首批“永久性化学物质”,正在环境中不断累积,对野生动物和人类健康构成威胁。
Michael, Nel and Natalie have both now joined a newly formed campaign group - made up of hundreds of residents living alongside the former Monsanto works in the villages of Cefn Mawr, Acrefair and Trevor in north-east Wales.
迈克尔、内尔和娜塔莉(Natalie)现在都加入了一个新成立的抗议组织——该组织由居住在威尔士东北部Cefn Mawr、Acrefair和Trevor等村庄的数百名居民组成。他们的诉求之一是推动由PHW(Public Health Wales)主导的自愿性血液检测计划。他们还呼吁政府开展全国性的土壤检测工作。
One of their calls - alongside a national soil testing programme - is for voluntary blood testing, led by PHW. One of the group's founders pointed to the fact the documentary had to rely on a large-scale study from the US to assess and compare PCB levels in the local residents it had tested.
该组织的创始人之一指出,这部纪录片在评估和比较当地居民体内的多氯联苯(PCB)含量时,必须依赖美国的一项大规模研究数据。
"There's a huge potential here for Wales... to really lead the way and show the rest of the UK how to handle this risk," said community councillor Katie Witherden.
“威尔士在这方面具有巨大的潜力……完全可以引领英国其他地区,为如何应对这一风险提供借鉴,”社区议员凯蒂·威瑟登(Katie Witherden)表示。
"It would give people answers about what they have or haven't been exposed to - and I think all of us deserve the right to have the choice to know that." issued a statement in response to calls from residents and politicians - including the Welsh Affairs Select Committee of MPs - saying a programme of blood testing was "not recommended".
针对居民和政界人士(包括威尔士事务特别委员会)的呼吁,相关机构发表了一份声明,称“不建议”开展血液检测项目。声明指出:血液检测无法确定人们具体是如何或在哪里接触到这些化学物质的,因为环境中存在许多潜在的多氯联苯污染源(包括食物以及住宅和建筑物中的材料)。
It argued that testing would "not tell us how or where people may have been exposed" as there were many potential PCB sources in the wider environment - including food, and materials in homes and buildings.
声明还提到,目前尚无针对高浓度多氯联苯的有效治疗方法,因此如果检测结果显示某人血液中含有多氯联苯,可能会引发人们的恐慌。
There was no treatment for higher levels of the chemicals so there was a risk too of "causing worry among people who are found to have PCBs in their blood", it added. Natalie said she found the response "disappointing", adding: "I think a lot of people are already frightened and it's more frightening not knowing."
娜塔莉(Natalie)对这一回应表示失望,并补充说:“很多人已经感到恐惧,而不知道真相只会让他们更加不安。”凯蒂也认为“人们确实很担心”,并表示:“我们并不要求政府能够治愈多氯联苯污染,但我们希望得到真相。”她的丈夫史蒂夫·威瑟登(Steve Witherden)是工党议员,代表蒙哥马利郡(Montgomeryshire)和格伦杜尔(Glyndŵr)地区;他称该机构的回应“令人沮丧”。史蒂夫表示:“我希望他们能改变自己的立场。”
Katie agreed that "people are already worried" and said: "We know they can't treat PCBs and that's not what we're asking for." Her husband Steve Witherden is the Labour MP for Montgomeryshire and Glyndŵr, and described PHW's response as "chilling". "My hope is that they revise their position," he said. "There's a real strength of feeling from people who've lived near to these sites or worked in them, a real clamouring." Dr Dave Megson, of Manchester Metropolitan University, who was also involved in the Buried documentary testing, argued the US and other countries in Europe were well ahead of the UK in advancing the use of blood testing for alleged chemical contamination.
曼彻斯特城市大学(Manchester Metropolitan University)的戴夫·梅格森(Dave Megson)博士也参与了这部纪录片的调查工作。他认为,美国及其他欧洲国家在利用血液检测技术来检测化学污染方面已经远远领先于英国。
While it could not prove that cancers and other health impacts were caused by PCBs, he argued: "There's so much information that we can pull out if you use those non-standard tests and do some advanced science." PHW acknowledged the health authority's refusal to back calls for blood testing was "a difficult message".
虽然无法证明癌症及其他健康问题确实是由多氯联苯(PCBs)引起的,但他表示:“只要使用那些非标准的检测方法并运用先进的科学手段,我们就能获取大量有用的信息。”PHW(公共卫生机构)承认,卫生部门拒绝支持进行血液检测的呼吁是一个“令人难以接受的决定”。
"We appreciate that the communities are worried and that is understandable, but the testing isn't necessarily going to give any good answers," said Prof Sarah Jones, consultant in environmental public health at PHW.
“我们理解当地居民的担忧,这完全可以理解;但这种检测方法未必能提供任何有用的结果,”PHW的环境公共卫生顾问莎拉·琼斯教授说。
"Generally when we do any sort of testing we want to be able to put things right for people and that's what we can't do here." She argued there were too many "unknowns" about the impacts of concentrations of PCBs on the body and no treatment for those found to have elevated levels in their blood.
“通常情况下,我们进行任何检测都是为了帮助人们解决问题,但在这件事上我们却无能为力。”她指出,关于多氯联苯对人体影响的许多细节仍然未知,而且对于那些血液中检测出多氯联苯含量超标的人,目前也没有任何有效的治疗方法。
"All we could do is give [people] a number that we can't really interpret and then we can't make right." She felt this could "create even more worry and that is a health harm in itself".
“我们所能做的,只是给出一些无法真正解释的数据,而这些数据也无法解决人们的问题;这反而可能引发更多的担忧,而这种担忧本身也是一种健康危害,”琼斯说。
"There is nothing that blood testing can do that would magically take those worries away - it would only potentially magnify them," Jones said.
当被问及实施血液检测计划的成本是否也是一个考虑因素时,她回答:“不,这根本不是钱的问题。”她认为,公共卫生部门应该把重点放在采取一切必要措施上,尽可能确保这些疑似污染场所的安全。
Asked whether the cost of implementing a blood testing regime was also a factor, she said: "No... this is not about money." Rather than blood testing, Jones argued public authorities should focus on taking "whatever steps need to be taken to make these [suspected dumpsites] as safe as possible".
来自威尔士全科医生学院的威尔·麦金托什博士表示,在那些对污染问题表示担忧的社区中,未来可能需要为全科医生提供更多的支持。
Dr Will Mackintosh, from the Royal College of GPs Cymru, said it may be that "additional support" would be required for GPs in future, in communities where concerns had been raised about alleged contamination.
“显然,很多人都非常关心这个问题,而全科医生在尽自己最大努力应对这一问题上发挥着重要作用,”他说。
"It's clearly something which obviously large numbers of people are concerned about, and general practice has a role in responding to that as best as we can," he said.
威尔士政府表示:“解决土地污染问题是我们政府当前的首要任务之一。”
The Welsh government said "addressing the issue of contaminated land is a key priority for this government".
“我们将制定一项覆盖整个威尔士的战略,逐步恢复那些曾被工业活动占用过的土地,从而确保当地社区不再面临潜在的风险,”相关声明指出。
"We will develop a Wales-wide strategy to progressively restore post-industrial land so that communities are no longer exposed to potential risks," it said.
“该战略包括加强‘污染者付费原则’的落实;同时,我们仍将继续推动环境正义的实现,强调应直接向英国财政部争取政府资金支持。”
"This will include strengthening the 'polluter pays principle' while we continue to press for environmental justice by raising the importance of seeking UK government funding direct with the UK Treasury." Monsanto does not exist any more and Eastman Chemical Company, responsible for the firm's legacy production in the UK, has not responded to BBC Wales' requests for comment.
孟山都公司早已不复存在,而负责该公司在英国遗留生产活动的伊士曼化学公司(Eastman Chemical Company)也尚未对BBC威尔士的采访请求作出任何回应。
"This will include strengthening the 'polluter pays principle' while we continue to press for environmental justice by raising the importance of seeking UK government funding direct with the UK Treasury." Monsanto does not exist any more and Eastman Chemical Company, responsible for the firm's legacy production in the UK, has not responded to BBC Wales' requests for comment.