华盛顿 —— 白宫周五宣布,唐纳德·特朗普总统正在取消国会批准的近10亿美元支出,动用一项罕见且有争议的权力,削减移民服务和以多元化为重点的项目的资金。
WASHINGTON — President Donald Trump is canceling nearly $1 billion in spending approved by Congress, the White House announced on Friday, using a rare and contested power to axe funding for immigrant services and diversity-focused initiatives.
特朗普的管理和预算办公室将这项资金削减描述为聚焦于“最有害的政府支出”。
Trump’s Office of Management and Budget described the funding cut as focused on “the most harmful government spending.”
大部分削减针对的是卫生与公众服务部为难民和被指控非法入境的无人陪伴未成年人提供服务的项目。政府称,由于非法越境人数大幅减少,这些资金不再必要。削减目标还包括教育部为移民学生设立的项目、司法部专注于缓解种族紧张关系的办公室、为少数族裔企业家设立的商业发展计划、住房与城市发展部的住房咨询服务,以及卫生与公众服务部的一系列拨款,政府称这些拨款“完全有害且公然带有意识形态色彩”。白宫宣布撤销拨款的新闻稿指出,其中一些组织由曾在民主党总统巴拉克·奥巴马政府任职的人领导。
Most of the cuts are focused on Health and Human Services programs that serve refugees and unaccompanied minors accused of being in the country illegally. The administration says the funds are no longer necessary because illegal border crossings have diminished considerably Also targeted for cuts were a Department of Education program for migrant students, a Department of Justice office focused on reducing racial tensions, a business development initiative for minority entrepreneurs, housing counseling services from the Housing and Urban Development Department and a series of grants from the Health and Human Services Department that the administration called “outright harmful and blatantly ideological.” A White House press release announcing the funding rescissions notes that some of the organizations are led by people who worked in the administration of Democratic President Barack Obama.
缅因州参议员苏珊·柯林斯谴责了特朗普的这一举措,她是一名面临艰难连任竞选的共和党人,同时担任参院拨款委员会主席。
Most of the cuts are focused on Health and Human Services programs that serve refugees and unaccompanied minors accused of being in the country illegally. The administration says the funds are no longer necessary because illegal border crossings have diminished considerably Also targeted for cuts were a Department of Education program for migrant students, a Department of Justice office focused on reducing racial tensions, a business development initiative for minority entrepreneurs, housing counseling services from the Housing and Urban Development Department and a series of grants from the Health and Human Services Department that the administration called “outright harmful and blatantly ideological.” A White House press release announcing the funding rescissions notes that some of the organizations are led by people who worked in the administration of Democratic President Barack Obama.
柯林斯在一份声明中表示,这一举措是在没有任何预警或协商的情况下实施的。她还表示,她会与同事们一起努力解决这些“非法行为”。
Trump’s move was condemned by Sen. Susan Collins of Maine, a Republican in a tough reelection campaign and chair of the Senate Appropriations Committee.
“这种拖延行为本身就属于未经国会批准的行为;同时,这也侵犯了国会的拨款权力,”柯林斯指出。“美国行政管理部(OMB)属于行政部门,它无权决定哪些项目应该获得资金支持。”
Collins said in a statement that the action came without warning or consultation. She also said she would work to address with colleagues “these illegal actions.”
根据联邦法律,国会在总统提出的开支削减措施生效前有45天的时间进行审查。然而,特朗普却在联邦财政年度的最后5天内宣布了这些削减措施,而此时众议院正处于休会状态(直至11月大选期间)。作为国会下属机构的政府问责办公室(Government Accountability Office)认为,这种被称为“口袋撤销”(pocket rescission)的行政行为是非法的;柯林斯称这是美国行政管理部试图“削弱国会宪法赋予的财政权力”的最新尝试。
“Not only is the delay itself an impoundment that was not reported to Congress, but also it is a usurpation of Congress’s appropriations powers,” Collins said. “OMB is an agency of the executive branch. It does not get to decide which programs are worth funding.” Under federal law, Congress has 45 days to review the president’s proposed spending cuts before they take effect. But Trump made that all but impossible by announcing them with just five days left in the federal fiscal year and the House out of session through the November election. The Government Accountability Office, which is an arm of Congress, says the maneuver known as a “pocket rescission”
一年前,特朗普首次实施了“口袋撤销”措施,冻结了国会批准的总计49亿美元的对外援助资金。美国最高法院拒绝阻止这些削减措施,理由是特朗普在处理外交事务方面的权力具有决定性作用。今年,特朗普的目标转向了国内开支。
is illegal Collins called it the latest attempt by OMB to “undermine Congress’s Constitutional power of the purse.” A year ago, Trump issued a pocket rescission for the first time in nearly 50 years by blocking $4.9 billion in congressionally approved foreign aid. The U.S. Supreme Court declined to block those rescissions, saying that Trump’s authority over foreign affairs weighed heavily in its decision. This year, Trump is targeting domestic spending.
这种“口袋撤销”行为的出现,反映了特朗普政府试图加强对美国政府的控制的总体趋势——这种做法正在逐渐削弱国会的权力。
The use of a “pocket rescission” fits into a broader pattern by the Trump administration to exert greater control over the U.S. government, eroding Congress’s power.
上一次类似的“口袋撤销”事件发生在1977年,当时的民主党总统吉米·卡特曾实施过此类措施。特朗普政府辩称这种做法在法律上是允许的,尽管其中存在一些模糊之处(因为卡特当初提出撤销措施的时间远远早于规定的45天期限)。
What was essentially the last pocket rescission occurred in 1977 when then-Democratic President Jimmy Carter rescinded it, and the Trump administration argues it’s a legally permissible tool, despite some murkiness, since Carter had initially proposed the clawback well ahead of the 45-day deadline.
此外,特朗普政府还解雇了联邦工作人员、大幅提高了关税,并在未经国会批准的情况下对伊朗发动了军事行动,从而将确定总统权力界限的重任交给了司法部门。
The administration has also fired federal workers imposed a historic increase in tariffs, and started the war in Iran without going through Congress, putting the burden on the judicial branch to determine the limits of presidential power.
华盛顿州的参议员帕蒂·默里(Patty Murray)是参议院拨款委员会中的民主党领袖,她将白宫的这一举措称为“对美国人民的盗窃行为,再简单明了不过了”。默里表示:“这些资金是国会经过两党协商后拨付的,本应用于帮助民众,而不是被一位更热衷于举办大型活动而非投资家庭福利的总统所截留。”
Sen. Patty Murray of Washington, the lead Democrat on the Senate Appropriations Committee, described the White House action as “theft from the American people, plain and simple.” “These are funds Congress has delivered on a bipartisan basis and should be helping people—not cut off by a president more focused on building a ballroom than investing in families,” Murray said.
她指出,在最近的支出谈判中,民主党人努力争取在相关条款中加入防止政府篡夺国会支出决策权力的内容,但共和党人却拒绝配合。
Murray said that in recent spending negotiations, Democrats fought to include language to prevent the administration from usurping Congress’ power on spending decisions, but Republicans have declined to go along.
“当特朗普把纳税人的钱用于为自己做广告时,国会必须重新行使自己的权力来帮助民众;现在是共和党人也该加入我们这场斗争的时候了。”她说。
“While Trump spends tax dollars on ads promoting himself, Congress needs to reassert its powers to help people, and it’s past time Republicans join us in that fight,” she said.
除了削减移民相关项目的资金外,白宫还取消了7000万美元用于所谓“政治正确”(即符合某些社会意识形态要求的)国际教育项目的资金;取消了2800万美元用于卫生与公共服务研究项目的拨款;同时停止了向那些支持气候变化政策的外国国家提供债务减免的资金(共计900万美元)。此外,还有1000万美元被从一项支持少数族裔企业发展的项目中扣留。(来源:MS NOW)
In addition to immigrant services, the White House said it was rescinding $70 million for what it called “woke” international education programs, $28 million in grant funding for Health and Human Services research programs, and $9 million in debt relief for foreign countries that fund climate change policies. Another $10 million was being withheld from a minority business development program. The post Trump uses rare authority to claw back nearly $1 billion in spending approved by Congress MS NOW