每11天推出一部新电影?这是派拉蒙公司的大卫·埃利森(David Ellison)在本周为其收购华纳兄弟探索公司(Warner Bros. Discovery)扫清障碍后作出的承诺,该交易将合并两家历史悠久的好莱坞制片厂。
A new movie every 11 days? That's what Paramount's David Ellison is promising after clearing a path this week for his company's acquisition of Warner Bros. Discovery combining two storied Hollywood studios.
首席执行官与一群州总检察长就反垄断问题达成的和解协议规定,这家新成立的公司将在2027年和2028年至少向影院发行30部电影,并在2029年、2030年和2031年每年至少发行32部电影。
CEO's settlement with a group of state attorneys general over antitrust concerns stipulates that the newly minted company will release at least 30 films into theaters in 2027 and 2028 and at least 32 films in 2029, 2030 and 2031.
根据Rentrak的数据,目前这家合并后的实体公司计划明年发行35部电影。
Currently, the combined entity has 35 films scheduled to be released next year, according to data from Rentrak.
但业界对即将上映影片的质量仍存疑问——以及这份为期五年的协议到期后会发生什么。
But questions remain about what caliber of releases the industry can expect — and what happens after the five-year agreement expires.
Rentrak市场趋势主管保罗·德加拉贝迪安(Paul Dergarabedian)告诉CNBC:“这比单纯询问30部电影是否足够要复杂得多。30部大规模发行的影片将代表对院线市场的重大承诺,我认为所有影院经营者都会欢迎丰富的影片供应。”
"This is much more complicated than simply asking whether 30 movies is enough," Paul Dergarabedian, head of marketplace trends at Rentrak, told CNBC. "Thirty wide releases would represent a meaningful commitment to theatrical, and I think everyone in exhibition would welcome a robust pipeline of films.
“但最终,证明将取决于这些电影的表现、片单的多样性、它们进入影院的稳定性,以及合并后的公司如何履行这些承诺,”他说。
"But ultimately the proof will be in how those movies perform, how varied the slate is, how consistently they reach theaters and how the combined company executes on those commitments," he said.
自新冠疫情导致影院关闭并堵塞制作流水线以来,好莱坞一直呼吁增加院线发行影片。埃利森早在四月份的行业年度活动CinemaCon上就宣传了他的院线发行承诺,甚至在派拉蒙达成和解之前,就已获得了“三大”影院运营商首席执行官的支持——AMC的亚当·阿隆(Adam Aron)、Cinemark的肖恩·甘布尔(Sean Gamble)和Regal的埃杜阿多·阿库纳(Eduardo Acuna)。
Hollywood has been clamoring for more theatrical titles since the Covid pandemic shuttered theaters and clogged the production pipeline. Ellison's theatrical commitment, which he touted as early as April at the industry's annual CinemaCon event, had garnered approval from the CEOs of the "Big Three" cinema operators —AMC's Adam Aron, Cinemark's Sean Gamble and Regal's Eduardo Acuna — even before Paramount's settlement.
代表影院业主的游说团体Cinema United此前坚决反对此次合并,但本周表示认可,称与各州的协议“实现了院线行业的许多目标”。然而,并非所有影院经营者都持支持态度。多位要求匿名的影院高管告诉CNBC,他们仍持怀疑态度。
Cinema United, the lobbying group that represents theater owners, had been staunchly against the merger, but gave its seal of approval this week, saying the agreement with the states "accomplishes many of exhibition's objectives." However, not all exhibitors are on board. A number of theater executives, who requested anonymity to speak candidly, told CNBC they remain skeptical.
关于整合的担忧,派拉蒙的和解协议中包含了关于该公司未来五年内必须发行的院线电影数量、其中多少部需要大规模发行,以及多少部电影的预算需要超过5000万美元的规定。派拉蒙同意,如果未能达到这些门槛,将面临严厉的处罚。
Consolidation concerns Paramount's settlement includes stipulations about the number of theatrical releases the company must distribute over the next five years, how many of those releases need to be distributed widely and how many need to have a budget of more than $50 million. Paramount agreed to face steep penalties if it fails to meet the thresholds.
电影制片厂之间的整合传统上会导致电影发行数量减少,进而导致收入下降,这对小型院线和独立运营商的影响尤为明显。
Consolidation among movie studios has traditionally led to fewer film releases which, in turn, results in lower revenue, particularly for smaller theater chains and independent operators.
自新冠疫情扰乱院线市场以来,整个行业的动态发生了巨大变化,导致银幕数量和观影人数减少。电影票价上涨掩盖了其中的一些困境——预计这将推动国内票房自疫情以来首次突破100亿美元大关——但电影放映行业仍在适应新的经济形势。
Overall industry dynamics have shifted drastically since Covid disrupted the theatrical space, leading to fewer screens and fewer moviegoers. Some of these woes have been masked by higher movie ticket prices — which are expected to help boost the domestic box office above $10 billion for the first time since the pandemic — but the moviegoing industry is still adapting to new economics.
几位院线运营商告诉CNBC,他们担心派拉蒙与华纳兄弟的合并不仅会减少向生态系统提供电影的制片厂数量,还会削弱竞争,并使合并后的公司在窗口期条款和租金费用方面拥有更强大的议价能力。
Several theater operators told CNBC they were concerned the merger between Paramount and Warner Bros. would not only decrease the number of studios contributing films to the ecosystem, but also decrease competition and give the combined company a more powerful bargaining position when it comes to windowing terms and rental fees.
虽然经营着数百家影院的大型放映商能够抵御整合带来的影响,但小型参与者的议价能力要弱得多。
While larger exhibitors, which operate hundreds of locations, can weather consolidation, the smaller players have far less leverage.
一些影院老板还表示,他们担心派拉蒙在五年协议期满后将无法维持其每年30多部的院线发行量,尤其是在制作和营销成本持续上升,且派拉蒙在合并完成后将面临约790亿美元债务的情况下。"当然,我担心第六年会发生什么,"圣蒂科斯影院总裁兼首席运营官罗布·莱曼告诉CNBC。"你知道,五年期满后,数字会不会降到每年18部?"
Some theater owners also said they fear that Paramount will not be able to sustain its 30-plus theatrical output after the five-year deal, especially as production and marketing costs continue to rise and as Paramount contends with around $79 billion in debt once the merger closes.
尽管如此,莱曼仍称派拉蒙承诺的影片数量"是行业的一大胜利"。根据和解协议条款,如果派拉蒙未能完成年度配额,将面临每部影片3000万美元的罚款,其中90%将支付给影视从业者,10%支付给全美检察长协会。
"Of course, I worry about what happens in year six," Rob Lehman, president and chief operating officer at Santikos Theaters, told CNBC. "You know, after the five years is up, does it then drop down to 18 movies a year?"
虽然如果派拉蒙大幅偏离目标,每部3000万美元的罚款可能构成实质性惩罚,但与实际制作和推广一部电影的成本相比,这笔钱相形见绌。
Still, Lehman called Paramount's guaranteed number of films "a win for the industry." Under the terms of its settlement agreement, if Paramount falls short of its annual quotas, it'll be fined $30 million per film, 90% of which will be paid out to film workers and 10% to the National Association of Attorneys General.
而且,"光有数量是不够的,"德加拉贝迪安表示。"你可以说要发行30部甚至100部电影,但这些电影仍必须打动观众。如果影片数量减半,但每一部都成为大卖座,你会选择哪种情况?所以归根结底,不仅仅关乎发行多少部电影,而是要有足够多的观众真正想看的影片,并以合适的节奏发行。"明年,派拉蒙与华纳兄弟的联合片单包括《索尼克》《哥斯拉》《我的世界》《寂静之地》《忍者神龟》《指环王》《招魂》等热门系列的新作,以及DC超级英雄宇宙影片。
Though $30 million per film could prove to be a material penalty if Paramount significantly misses the mark, it pales in comparison to the cost of actually making and marketing a film.
排期密集 单一公司一年发行30部影片,也存在简单的后勤排期问题。
And, "quantity by itself is not enough," Dergarabedian said. "You could say you are going to release 30 movies, or even 100 movies, but those movies still have to connect with audiences. If you had half as many films and every one of them became a major hit, which scenario would you rather have? So ultimately, it is not simply about how many movies are released. It is about having enough movies, released at the right cadence, that audiences actually want to see." Next year, the combined Paramount-Warner Bros. slate includes new entries in popular franchises like Sonic, Godzilla, Minecraft, A Quiet Place, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, Lord of the Rings, The Conjuring and the DC superhero universe.
一年52周,平均每部新片间隔不足两周——这还未计入行业通常扎堆首映的黄金档期。
A packed calendar There are also simple logistical questions around 30 films released from one company in a year.
如果主要大片上映时间过于接近,合并后的派拉蒙-华纳兄弟极易出现自家票房互相蚕食的情况。
With 52 weeks on the calendar, that's less than 2 weeks between new releases — not accounting for marquee weekends when the industry typically stacks big premieres.
加上对IMAX和杜比等备受青睐的高端大银幕的争夺日益激烈,排期难度进一步加大。
A merged Paramount-Warner Bros. could easily cannibalize its own ticket sales if major releases are placed too close to one another.
目前,派拉蒙和华纳兄弟2027年的联合片单中,有六个档期双方都安排了院线上映。日历上也有不少时段,每周堆叠了三到五部新片。
Combine that with growing competition for coveted premium large format screens like Imax and Dolby and the schedule looks even trickier.
“从纯战略角度来看,两家制片厂计划片单中的上映日期出现调整是合理预期,”德加拉贝迪安表示。“某些情况下是为了避免受众重叠,另一些情况则可能是为了丰富票房节奏。”例如,合并后的公司目前在2027年安排了九部恐怖片,可能会调整档期,让这些影片在不竞争的情况下获得更长的放映周期。
At present, the combined slate of Paramount and Warner Bros. for 2027 contains six dates where both studios have a theatrical release planned. There are also pockets on the calendar that have three to five releases stacked up on a weekly basis.
“希望他们能推出一些佳作并实现错位竞争,”莱曼说。“给我们带来儿童片、恐怖片、高端动作大片。”
"From a pure strategy standpoint, it's reasonable to expect release date shifts among the two studios' planned slates," Dergarabedian said. "In some cases, it'll be to avoid overlapping audiences while, in others, it may be to diversify their cadence of box office." For example, the combined company currently has nine horror films slated for 2027 and could look to shift dates to allow these features to have longer playability without competing.
细则方面,派拉蒙与各州检察长达成的和解协议规定,合并后公司在交易完成后前两年每年至少要有20部影片在2000家以上影院广泛上映;随后三年,这一数字增加至至少21部。
"Hopefully, they put together some great movies and counterprogramming," Lehman said. "Show us the kids' movies, show us the horror movies, show us the high-end action movies." The fine print Paramount's settlement with the state AGs mandates that at least 20 of the films released by the combined company in each of the first two years after closing have a wide release in more than 2,000 theaters. For the following three years, that increases to at least 21 films.
“协议非常具体地规定只需20部广泛上映影片,这根本不算什么,”行业分析师大卫·波兰说道。
"The agreement very specifically stipulates that it only has to be 20 wide releases, which is nothing," said industry analyst David Poland.
根据Rentrak数据,目前派拉蒙2026年有望推出14部广泛上映影片,华纳兄弟则为13部,两者合计达27部。
Currently, Paramount is on track to have 14 wide releases in 2026 and Warner Bros. is set for 13, for a total of 27 wide releases between them, according to Rentrak data.
“广泛上映的重要性怎么强调都不为过,”德加拉贝迪安说。“这些影片能产生最大的院线影响力,填满影厅,带动卖品销售,并引发惠及整个观影生态系统的文化话题。”
"The importance of wide releases cannot be overstated," Dergarabedian said. "These are the films that generate the biggest theatrical impact, fill auditoriums, drive concession sales and create the kind of cultural conversation that benefits the entire moviegoing ecosystem."
还有“龙头大片”的定义问题。在好莱坞,龙头大片指预算高昂、通过票房和周边联名收益足以让制片厂为那些可能不那么盈利的小成本项目提供资金的影片。
Then there is the definition of "tentpole." In Hollywood, a tentpole film is one with a high budget that makes enough money between ticket sales and merchandise tie-ins that a studio can fund smaller-budget projects that may not be as profitable.
对业内许多人而言,一部“支柱级”大片的制作成本通常超过1亿美元,往往高达2亿甚至2.5亿美元,并且能吸引大量观众走进影院。例如漫威电影宇宙、环球影业近期的热门影片《奥德赛》,或是索尼的《蜘蛛侠:全新之日》。派拉蒙的和解协议规定,该公司每年上映的影片中至少有20%必须是支柱级大片,并将该类别定义为预算至少5000万美元的电影。
For many in the industry, a tentpole feature is one that costs more than $100 million to produce, often exceeding $200 million or $250 million, and that drives significant traffic to movie theaters. Think, the Marvel Cinematic Universe, Universal's recent hit "The Odyssey" or Sony's "Spider-Man: Brand New Day." The Paramount settlement, which mandates that at least 20% of the company's annual releases be tentpole films, defines that category as a film with a budget of at least $50 million.
德加拉贝迪安表示:“5000万美元的制作预算,相对于我们传统认知中的支柱级大片而言,门槛似乎偏低。但与此同时,一部5000万美元的电影如果爆红,完全有可能成为支柱级大片,演变为文化现象和票房奇迹。”请在谷歌上将CNBC设为您的首选新闻源,不错过这家最受信赖的商业新闻媒体带来的每一个重要时刻。
"A $50 million production budget feels like a relatively low threshold for what we traditionally think of as a tentpole movie," Dergarabedian said. "But at the same time, a $50 million movie can absolutely become a tentpole if it breaks out and becomes a cultural and box office phenomenon." Choose CNBC as your preferred source on Google and never miss a moment from the most trusted name in business news.