一项关于青年就业的官方审查报告指出,那些因复杂残疾而几乎无法获得有偿工作机会的年轻人,应被允许快速获得残疾福利。
Young people whose complex disabilities mean they have little prospect of getting a paid job should get fast-track access to disability benefits, an official review of youth employment will say.
由前工党卫生大臣艾伦·米尔本主导的这项审查报告称,对于16至24岁、终身需求最为严重的年轻人,应确保其迅速且无条件地获得福利支持,而非要求其证明自身无法工作。
The review, by the former Labour health secretary Alan Milburn, will say 16- to 24-year-olds with the most severe lifelong needs should be guaranteed swift and unconditional benefit support rather than having to prove they cannot work.
目前,许多残疾年轻人及其家庭为了获得个人独立支付(PIP)和全民信用健康福利,不得不反复经历漫长、对抗性强且往往令人痛苦不堪的评估过程。
Currently, many disabled youngsters and their families have to endure repeated lengthy, adversarial and often distressing assessments to access personal independence payment (Pip) and universal credit health benefits.
这项保障可能涵盖患有严重多重学习障碍、严重神经系统疾病,以及符合英国国家医疗服务体系(NHS)持续医疗护理支持资格的、具有严重且复杂需求的年轻人。
The guarantee could include young people with profound and multiple learning disabilities, severe neurological conditions, and those with severe and complex needs who qualify for NHS continuing healthcare support.
预计将于十月发布的审查报告指出,对于这一群体,无需反复进行残疾福利评估;年轻成年人不应被迫不断证明其出生时或幼儿期即被诊断出的、导致其无法工作的终身状况和残障。
The review, expected in October, will say there is no need for repeated disability benefits assessments for this group, and young adults should not have to constantly demonstrate proof of lifelong conditions and impairments diagnosed at birth or in early childhood that mean they cannot work.
米尔本在接受《卫报》采访时表示:“我听到了太多关于患有最严重残疾的年轻人被搁置、担忧并为争取他们应得的支持而抗争的故事。他们常常不得不与那些旨在抓人把柄而非提供关怀的非人性化勾选式评估作斗争。”
“I’ve heard too many stories of young people with the most severe disabilities left waiting, worrying and fighting for the support they’re entitled to,” Milburn told the Guardian. “Too often they’re having to battle through dehumanising tick-box assessments designed to catch people out, not care for them.”
他补充道:“对于那些病情严重到永远无法工作的残疾人,我们需要采取不同的方法。他们理应更快地获得支持,而不是为了得到他们应得的帮助而一次又一次地反复证明。”另一项由政府委托、针对个人独立支付(PIP)的蒂姆斯审查,在今年早些时候的临时报告中得出结论,认为PIP评估过程被许多申请人合理地视为“摧毁灵魂”且令人受辱。
“I’ve heard too many stories of young people with the most severe disabilities left waiting, worrying and fighting for the support they’re entitled to,” Milburn told the Guardian. “Too often they’re having to battle through dehumanising tick-box assessments designed to catch people out, not care for them.” He added: “A different approach is needed for disabled people whose condition is so severe that they could never work. By right they should get faster support rather than having to prove it over and over again to get the help they deserve.” The separate government-commissioned Timms review into Pip concluded in an interim report earlier this year that the Pip assessment process was justifiably regarded by many claimants as “soul-destroying” and degrading.
致力于帮助有特殊需求的残疾人的慈善机构 Sense 对这一“快速审批”政策的出台表示欢迎,同时强调不能忽视那些有能力且愿意工作的年轻人。
He added: “A different approach is needed for disabled people whose condition is so severe that they could never work. By right they should get faster support rather than having to prove it over and over again to get the help they deserve.” The separate government-commissioned Timms review into Pip concluded in an interim report earlier this year that the Pip assessment process was justifiably regarded by many claimants as “soul-destroying” and degrading.
Sense 的负责人哈丽特·爱德华兹(Harriet Edwards)表示:“这对那些有最复杂需求的年轻残疾人及其家庭来说,无疑是一个重要的进步;对于那些长期呼吁结束繁琐、羞辱性评估流程的人来说,这也是一个积极的信号。”
The disability charity Sense, which supports disabled people with complex needs, welcomed the principle of fast-track guarantees but said it was important young people who were able and willing to work were not written off.
她继续说道:“但我们绝不能忽视这些年轻人。那些愿意且有能力工作的残疾人需要专业的就业支持以及切实可行的就业机会,同时还需要必要的经济保障来维持他们的生活。”
Harriet Edwards, the director of influencing at Sense, said: “It would be a significant step forward for young disabled people with the most complex needs and their families, and for those who have long campaigned to end the exhausting and humiliating process of multiple assessments.
她呼吁政府必须将这一建议付诸实施,并强调相关细节至关重要——包括哪些人符合申请条件、这些优惠政策是否足够有效,以及这些政策如何在不同类型的残疾福利中得到统一应用,以避免人们需要面对复杂的规则和繁琐的评估程序。
“But we must not write young disabled people off. Those who want to and are able to work need specialist employment support and genuine opportunities, alongside the financial protection they need to live their lives.
来自西米德兰兹(West Midlands)的塔拉·哈里斯(Tara Harris,57 岁)描述为她的儿子奥利(Ollie,25 岁)申请残疾福利的过程是一场“官僚主义的噩梦”:奥利患有严重的残疾,申请流程极其繁琐且充满不确定性。“系统总是以消极的态度来评估他的康复情况;只要电脑显示‘不合格’,申请就直接被驳回。”她表示这让她倍感压力,甚至觉得自己不得不像“虎妈”一样拼命为儿子争取权益。
“Government must now take this recommendation forward. The detail will be crucial, including who is eligible, whether exemptions go far enough, and how this will work across different disability benefits so people aren’t left navigating different rules and assessments.” Tara Harris, 57, from the West Midlands, described obtaining disability benefits for her son Ollie, 25, who has complex disabilities, as a “bureaucratic nightmare”. She said the system involved “constant battles of chasing things and not having things. It’s ‘computer says no.’” It was also stressful. “I feel like I’ve had to be a tiger mum,” she said.
塔拉提到,她的儿子虽然无法从事有偿工作,但得到了每周两天在咖啡馆做志愿者的机会。然而,相关的评估流程要求她用消极的语言来描述儿子的康复进展;她担心如果用积极的语言来描述儿子的实际情况,申请反而会失败。
Harris said her son could not do paid work but had been supported to volunteer at a cafe two days a week. The Pip assessment required her to describe his progress in a routinely negative way. She fears that if she were to “put things in a positive language, then you don’t get Pip”.
她说:“当着奥利弗的面进行这类谈话真的很困难。因为这在某种程度上贬低了他,而他是一个绝对出色、了不起的人,理应拥有能够作为成年人独立生活的经济能力。”政府委托米尔本解决英国日益严重的青年就业危机,目前英国有近100万名16至24岁的年轻人被归类为“尼特族”(即不升学、不就业、不进修的人群)。
She said: “It’s really hard to have these sorts of conversations in front of Oliver. Because it sort of demeans him, and he’s absolutely wonderful, amazing person and deserves to have money to be able to be an adult.” The government commissioned Milburn to address a growing youth jobs crisis in the UK in which nearly 1 million 16- to 24-year-olds are classified as Neet (not in employment, education or training).
6月份发布的临时报告明确指出,被诊断出患有终身复杂需求、永远无法工作的年轻人必须受到福利制度的保护。但报告也暗示,对于那些病情较轻、可以通过支持实现就业的年轻人,其福利待遇可能会有所削减。曾任托尼·布莱尔政府部长的米尔本上个月呼吁投资专门的实习项目,旨在为有特殊教育需求的年轻人提供就业保障,以解决学习障碍、自闭症和精神疾病患者群体中“令人痛心”的失业率问题。
interim report published in June, made it clear young people diagnosed with lifelong complex needs who are never be able to work must be protected by the benefit system. But it also hinted that young people with less severe conditions who could be supported to work may see reductions in benefits Milburn, a minister in Tony Blair’s government, last month called for investment in specialist internships designed to secure work for young people with special educational needs to address “devastating” joblessness rates for those with learning disability, autism and mental illness.