当迪尔沙德·哈姆多（Dilshad Hamdo）走进他父亲30年前建造的家时，屋里连个坐的地方都没有。石墙虽然完好无损，但房间里早已空空如也。然而，站在空荡荡的屋子里，他心中仍涌起一股回到家乡的强烈宽慰感。
When Dilshad Hamdo walked into the home his father built 30 years ago, there was no place to sit. The stone walls were intact, but the rooms had been stripped bare. Yet, standing in the empty space, there was still a strong sense of relief at being back home.
“我和大家庭在这个房子里留下了许多回忆。没有什么比得上自己的房子和土地，”哈姆多告诉半岛电视台。
“I have a lot of memories in this house with my extended family. There is nothing like the house and the land,” Hamdo told Al Jazeera.
2018年初，在土耳其领导的代号为“橄榄枝行动”的军事攻势下，针对叙利亚民主力量中以库尔德人为主的人民保护部队（YPG），年轻的哈姆多逃离了阿夫林。
Hamdo fled Afrin as a young man in early 2018, during a Turkish-led military offensive, dubbed “Operation Olive Branch”, against the Kurdish-dominated People’s Protection Units (YPG) of the Syrian Democratic Forces.
在随后的混乱中，数以万计的叙利亚库尔德人流离失所。阿夫林各地的空置房产很快被其他流离失所的叙利亚人占据，他们大多是为躲避叙利亚政府对霍姆斯和大马士革反对派控制区猛烈轰炸而逃离的阿拉伯人。
In the ensuing chaos, tens of thousands of Syrian Kurds were displaced. Vacant properties across Afrin were soon occupied by other displaced Syrians, most of them Arabs fleeing the intense Syrian government bombardments of opposition areas in Homs and Damascus.
对于哈姆多一家来说，流亡意味着不断向东漂泊——从阿勒颇到叙利亚的拉卡，最后到了卡米什利的一个流离失所者营地。
For the Hamdos, exile meant drifting ever eastwards – from Aleppo to Raqqa of Syria, and finally to a camp for the displaced in Qamishli.
“我们听说有人正在返回阿夫林，而且有登记返乡的渠道，”哈姆多回忆道。“我们告诉他们，我们想回到自己的土地上。我们无法在这里生活。因为一个人只有在自己的房子和土地上才能安息，我们在家乡之外受了太多的苦。” 2024年12月巴沙尔·阿萨德政权垮台后，叙利亚新成立的过渡政府宣布，将为2018年逃离阿夫林的人们提供安全返乡的便利。
“We heard that there are people returning to Afrin, and that there is registration in order to return,” Hamdo recalled. “We told them we want to return to our land. We cannot live here. Because a person can only rest in his house and his land, and we suffered greatly outside our land.” Following the collapse of Bashar al-Assad’s regime in December 2024, Syria’s newly formed transitional government announced it would facilitate the safe return of those who had fled Afrin in 2018.
4月和5月，内部安全部队协助数百个叙利亚库尔德家庭从哈塞克返回阿夫林。
Internal security forces assisted the return of hundreds of Syrian Kurdish families from Hasakah to Afrin in April and May.
一名男子走过叙利亚阿夫林市一家受损严重的医院，2021年6月13日，星期日 [盖斯·赛义德/美联社] 哈姆多的父亲先行一步去查看他们的房产，却发现里面住着一个从霍姆斯逃难而来的家庭。两家流离失所的家庭相遇后，并没有发生冲突，而是以一场平静的协商结束了这次会面。
A man walks through a heavily damaged hospital in the city of Afrin, Syria, Sunday, June 13, 2021 [Ghaith Alsayed/AP] Hamdo’s father travelled ahead to check on their property, only to find a displaced family from Homs living inside. Rather than a confrontation, the encounter between the two displaced families ended in a quiet negotiation.
“住在我们房子里的人要求给他们几个月的时间搬走。几个月后，我们付给他们300美元，让他们离开房子，并支付了路费让他们返回霍姆斯，这样我们就收回了自己的房子，”他说。
“The people who were living in our house asked for a period of several months until they left. After several months, we paid them 300 American dollars so they would leave the house, travel money so they could return to Homs, and we got our house,” he said.
“叙利亚解放后，我们想回到自己的土地。我们看不出阿拉伯人和库尔德人之间有任何区别，我们所有人都是同一个民族。我们只想要和平与安全。”重建信任 大马士革的过渡政府正在大力推动哈姆杜等家庭回归。
“After Syria was liberated, we wanted to return to our land. We do not see any distinction between the Arab and the Kurd, and all of us are one people. And we only want peace and safety.” Rebuilding trust The transitional government in Damascus is heavily promoting the return of families such as the Hamdos.
阿夫林地区主任海罗·达乌德表示，国家的首要任务是“彻底止住叙利亚的流血”，方法是向那些在营地中苦苦挣扎的人伸出援手。
Khayro Dawood, the director of the Afrin region, said the state’s priority is to “completely stop the Syrian bleeding” by reaching out to those languishing in camps.
达乌德向半岛电视台表示，政府派往东北地区的营地代表团“试图理解并以开放的心态接纳”。“我们对哈塞克地区的访问给那里的人们留下了积极的印象……这次访问在重建信任方面取得了积极成果。”最初作为400个家庭试点的回归行动，已发展为由国家组织的车队运送约12000个家庭返回阿夫林的浪潮。
“The state was trying to understand and to receive with an open heart,” Dawood told Al Jazeera, describing government delegations sent to camps in the northeast. “Our visit to the Hasakah region gave a positive impression in the hearts of the people there … and this visit had a positive result in rebuilding trust anew.” What started as a trial run of 400 families has grown into a wave of roughly 12,000 families returning to Afrin via state-organised convoys.
达乌德指出，第13号法令的实施——一项承认叙利亚库尔德社区文化和政治权利的过渡性法律——是叙利亚阿拉伯人与库尔德人之间新时代到来的证明。
Dawood pointed to the implementation of Decree 13 – a transitional law recognising the cultural and political rights of Syria’s Kurdish community – as proof of a new era between Arabs and Kurds in Syria.
2018年1月28日存档照片显示，一名士兵挥舞着土耳其国旗，当时土耳其军队正在保卫布萨亚山，该山将库尔德人控制的阿夫林飞地与土耳其控制的阿扎兹镇隔开，叙利亚 [美联社照片] “人类的家园” 但对于那些回到已成废墟的家园的人来说，政府法令提供的安慰微乎其微。
In this January 28, 2018 file photo, a soldier waves a Turkish flag as Turkish troops secure Bursayah hill, which separates the Kurdish-held enclave of Afrin from the Turkiye-controlled town of Azaz, Syria [AP Photo]‘A house for human beings’ But government decrees offer little comfort to those returning to homes that lie in ruins.
泽娜·西多（Zeina Sido）搭乘了最近由政府组织的返乡车队之一回到了阿夫林。“当他们告诉我们‘收拾好行李，你们要回家了’时，那种感觉真是太美妙了，”她回忆道，“他们对待我们的态度非常好。”然而，当她抵达自己的房产时，那份喜悦瞬间烟消云散。她那四间房的屋子已被洗劫一空，内部结构遭到破坏，并被挪作他用。
Zeina Sido boarded one of the recent state-sponsored convoys back to Afrin. “It was a wonderful feeling when they told us, ‘Pack your belongings; you will return to your homes,'” she recalled. “Their treatment was excellent.” That joy vanished the moment she arrived at her property. Her four-room house had been gutted, looted, and repurposed.
“我们去看了，发现房子被彻底毁了，”西多说，“我们发现它变成了一个羊圈。这原本是人住的房子，不应该变成牲畜的住所。他们难道没有考虑到这些房子的主人会回来吗？”由于没有钱重建，西多现在住在一个附近的流离失所者营地——这个设施最近刚腾空，原本住在这里的人是逃离前政权的难民，而现在，这里又重新住满了阿夫林的本地居民。
“We went and saw our house completely destroyed,” Sido said. “We found it had turned into a house for sheep. This house was for a human being and it should not turn into a house for animals. Did they not take into consideration that the people of these houses would return to them?” With no money to rebuild, Sido now lives in a nearby displacement camp – a facility recently vacated by those fleeing the former regime, which is now filling up again with Afrin’s native residents.
“每次我们刚建立起一点生活，就被迫流离失所，陷入这种循环，”她说。尽管西多对于回到家却发现一切面目全非、被旧生活的残骸所包围感到苦涩，但她拒绝再次离开这个地区。
“Every time we are able to establish something, we are forced into displacement and we repeat the cycle,” she said, While Sido has bitter feelings about returning home to find nothing as it was, being surrounded by the wreckage of her old life, she refuses to leave the region again.
“我的愿望是让我们一家人在自己的房子和土地上安顿下来，能够做到这一点是一种美好的感觉，”西多说，“我仍然抱有希望。如果不是因为希望，我们当初根本不可能回到这里。”
“My wish is that we establish our family in our house and in our land, and this is a beautiful feeling that we are able to do that,” Sido said. “I still have hope to do that. Were it not for hope, we would not have been able to return here in the first place.”