玛丽亚·雷马耶维奇 2026年9月26日 俄罗斯政府希望儿童从小接受爱国主义教育。德国之声采访了西伯利亚的学生，了解他们对宣传、乌克兰战争及其未来的看法。
Maria Remaevich September 26, 2026 The Russian government wants children to learn about patriotism from an early age. DW spoke to students in Siberia about their views on propaganda, the war in Ukraine and their future.
爱国主义自2022年起成为国家课程核心部分 今年早些时候，西伯利亚南部城市新西伯利亚（人口160万）的几所学校收到了当局发放的一本爱国主义教材。据德国之声采访的学生透露（受访者要求匿名），书中作者敦促孩子们做好为国捐躯的准备。此外，书中将同性恋等同于恋童癖，将迪士尼动画片等同于色情制品，并指导女性如何运用她们的“魅力”。欧洲人被描述为“窃贼、杀人犯和骗子”。
Patriotism has become a core part of the national curriculum since 2022 Earlier this year, several schools in Novosibirsk, a city of 1.6 million in southern Siberia, received a textbook on patriotism from the authorities. According to students, with whom DW spoke to on condition of anonymity, in the book the authors urge children to prepare themselves to die for their country. Furthermore, they equate homosexuality with pedophilia and Disney cartoons with pornography, and give instructions on how women should use their "charms." Europeans are described as "thieves, murderers and liars."
这本提供“精神、道德和爱国主义教育材料”的教材，本应用于2022年起列入课程的“爱国主义课程”。尽管它未被列入国家核心课程教材目录，但其内容反映了克里姆林宫在教育机构传播宣传的意图。“爱总是伴随着牺牲。”
The textbook, which provides "materials for spiritual, moral, and patriotic upbringing" is supposed to be used as part of "patriotism lessons" that have been on the curriculum since 2022 Though it is not included on the national list of core curriculum books, the content reflects the Kremlin's intentions to spread propaganda in educational institutions. 'Love always involves sacrifice.'
这本书的主要主题之一是乌克兰战争，书中多次重复“为国捐躯是一种福分”这一观点：“爱总是伴随着牺牲，”作者之一写道。“保卫祖国者的牺牲，就是他们的生命。”
One of the main topics of the book is the war in Ukraine and the idea that dying for one's country is a blessing is repeated several times: "Love always involves sacrifice," writes one of the authors. "The sacrifice of a defender of the homeland is their life."
书中其他部分，作者不断宣称俄罗斯优于西方国家。他们还称，由于“电脑游戏、好莱坞动作片、色情制品和迪士尼动画片”，孩子们在精神上已“残废”。
Elsewhere in the book, the authors make constant claims that Russia is better than Western countries. They also say that children are "mentally crippled" because of "computer games, Hollywood action films, pornography and Disney cartoons."
他们认为，曾经是殖民帝国的欧洲国家，通过征服和奴役新领土，使“谋杀、谎言和掠夺”合法化。而另一方面，俄罗斯“从未剥削其众多民族”，而只是改善了他们的生活条件。书中未提及当今俄罗斯境内原住民的文化，也未提及基督教和“斯拉夫异教”以外的任何宗教。
They argue that European nations that used to be colonial empires legitimized "murder, lies and plunder" through the conquest and subjugation of new territories. Russia, on the other hand, "never exploited its numerous peoples," they say, but merely improved their living conditions. The book makes no mention of the culture of Indigenous peoples in what is Russia today, or of any religions other than Christianity and "Slavic paganism."
这本教材在某些俄罗斯学校被用于向儿童教授爱国主义及其他科目 “更多炮灰”对于在新西伯利亚读过这本书的16岁学生伊利亚（化名）来说，为国捐躯的想法令他深恶痛绝。“这证明国家想要更多炮灰，”他对德国之声表示，并补充说，“为国捐躯”实际上意味着为“总统的利益和野心而死”。他说，几年前他开始观看克里姆林宫批评者、反对派领导人阿列克谢·纳瓦利内的视频，“更多是为了找乐子，而非其他原因”。他说，是纳瓦利内2021年关于俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京黑海宫殿的调查，首次引起了他的关注。
This textbook is used in certain Russian schools to teach children about patriotism and other subjects 'More cannon fodder' For Ilya, a 16-year-old student in Novosibirsk who has read the book and whose name has been changed, the idea of dying for his country is anathema. "It's proof that the country wants more cannon fodder," he told DW, adding that "dying for the country" actually meant dying for "the president's interests and ambitions." He said that a few years ago, he had started watching the videos of Alexei Navalny, the Kremlin critic and opposition leader who died in jail in 2024 "more for fun than for any other reason." He said it was Navalny's 2021 investigation into Russian President Vladimir Putin's Black Sea palace that had first drawn his attention.
但正是当当局决定封锁对美国平台 YouTube 和 Discord 的访问时，他开始反对政府。他说，他出于“逆反心理”搭建了 VPN，寻找其他反对派人物的信息并阅读独立媒体。随着他对战争的残酷性和无意义有了更多了解，他对政府的批评也愈发强烈。
But it was when the authorities decided to block access to the US platforms YouTube and Discord that he began to oppose the government. He set up a VPN out of "contrariness" he said, looking for information about other opposition figures and reading the independent media. As he found out more about the cruelty and senselessness of the war, he criticized the government more strongly.
他证实，在过去四年里，宣传已成为课程不可或缺的一部分。除了每周一早上的“谈论重要的事情”课程外，现在还增设了“祖国安全与国防基础”等科目。他说，在关注学生未来和职业选择的课程中，会邀请参加过乌克兰战争的人员发言。
He confirmed that propaganda had become an integral part of the curriculum in the past four years. On top of the "Conversations about Important Things" that take place every Monday morning, there are now also subjects such as "Fundamentals of Homeland Security and Defense." He said that people who have taken part in the war in Ukraine are invited to lessons focusing on students' future and decisions regarding what career path to take.
即使在课堂之外，学生也被鼓励要“爱国”。伊利亚说，一名学生因穿着一件印有英文标语的毛衣而被校长训斥。“年轻人，你意识到你的毛衣上印着不友好国家的语言吗？”据称校长问道。“给联邦安全局打个电话就能解决这事！”
Even outside of the classroom, students are encouraged to be "patriotic." Ilya said that a student had been reprimanded by the principal for wearing a sweater with a slogan written in English on it. "Young man, do you realize that your sweater has words on it in the language of unfriendly countries?" she reportedly asked him. "A call to the Federal Security Service will take care of that!"
伊利亚还回忆说，在纪念 1945 年苏联战胜纳粹德国的 5 月 9 日校园集会上，校长及其副手将俄罗斯所谓的“卫国战争”与当前的乌克兰战争相提并论。他们表示，俄罗斯将再次坚定不移并取得胜利。学生被教导如何做一名军人，并被告知为国捐躯是一种荣耀“我热爱自由” 另一位来自新西伯利亚的16岁学生阿列克谢（化名）告诉德国之声，他的许多同学都避而不去参加“爱国活动”。他也表示，封锁YouTube对他产生了影响。“我调查了为什么它被封锁，”他说，“因为没有什么事是偶然发生的。就这样，我对政治产生了兴趣。”那就是他意识到当局想要清除不听话的公民、压制言论自由的时候。“我热爱自由，所以这很难熬，”他说。
Ilya also recalled that a school assembly held to mark May 9, which commemorates the Soviet Union's victory over Nazi Germany in 1945, the principal and her deputy had compared what is known in Russia as the " Great Patriotic War " to the current war in Ukraine. They had said that Russia would once again be steadfast and emerge victorious. Students are taught about being a soldier and told it is an honor to die for the country 'I love freedom' Alexei (name changed), another 16-year-old student in Novosibirsk, told DW that many of his classmates avoided going to "patriotic events." He too said that the blocking of YouTube had made a difference to him. "I looked into why it was blocked," he said. "Because nothing happens by chance. And that's how my interest in politics began." That's when he realized that the authorities wanted to get rid of inconvenient citizens and suppress free speech. "I love freedom, so it was hard," he said.
伊利亚认为，大多数学生并不把宣传当回事。“一方面，我们在课堂上拿它开玩笑，至少我朋友们是这样，”他说。“另一方面，我们不在乎。有些人干脆不听。我们擅长保持沉默，不多谈论这事。”
Ilya thinks that most students don't take the propaganda seriously. "On the one hand, we laugh about it in class, at least my friends do," he said. "On the other, we don't care. Some simply don't listen. We're very good at being quiet and not talking much about it,"
季马·齐策尔是一位教育工作者，也是俄语播客《爱，别管教》的作者，他在全面入侵乌克兰后移居爱沙尼亚。他告诉德国之声，“许多学生很乐意成为支持普京的多数派一员，这个群体不思考问题，遵循的原则是：‘我们要把他们全碾压了；我们比所有人都强。所有人都会怕我们。’”他表示没有统计数据支持他的论点，但他根据与俄罗斯儿童广泛合作的经验，以及与家长的交流得出了这些结论。他说，这些家长往往只有在孩子开始说“我们要把他们碾压了”或“普京很伟大”，以及谈论乌克兰所谓的纳粹和法西斯时，才意识到事态的严重性。
Dima Zicer is an educator and the author of the Russian-language podcast "Love, Don't Discipline" who moved to Estonia after the full-scale invasion of Ukraine He told DW that "many students are happy to be part of a pro-Putin majority that doesn't think about things, according to the principle: 'We'll crush them all; we're stronger than everyone else. Everyone will be scared of us.'" He said that there was no statistical data to back his argument, but he said that he had drawn his conclusions from his extensive experience working with Russian children, as well as his communication with parents. He said that these often only became aware of how serious the situation was when their children started saying things such as "We'll crush them" or "Putin is great," as well as talking about supposed Nazis and fascists in Ukraine.
持不同想法、希望乌克兰战争结束的阿列克谢和伊利亚，对俄罗斯的动荡局势感到担忧。他们想在毕业后离开这个国家。
Alexei and Ilya, who think differently and want the war in Ukraine to end, are worried about the unstable situation in Russia. They want to leave the country after graduating.
抗议普京：流亡中的俄罗斯反对派 要观看此视频，请考虑升级到支持 HTML5 视频的网页浏览器
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