John Morales记得他在直播中崩溃的那一刻。这位资深气象学家在迈阿密WTVJ电视台工作，几十年来一直在天气预报中谈论气候变化。但在2024年10月，在目睹米尔顿飓风在佛罗里达和墨西哥海岸迅速增强后，他开始流泪。
John Morales remembers the moment he broke down on air. The veteran meteorologist, who works for the WTVJ television station in Miami, had been talking about climate change in his weather reports for decades. But in October 2024, after watching Hurricane Milton rapidly gain strength off the coasts of Florida and Mexico, he began tearing up.
“我当时在陈述事实，但突然意识到这场飓风可能有多强，可能夺走多少生命，毁掉多少人的一生，”他在纽约气候周会议上对主持人Johanna Wagstaffe说道。
"I was delivering the facts, but suddenly I realized how strong of a hurricane that could be, how many victims it could take, how many lives it could ruin," he told host Johanna Wagstaffe at the Climate Week NYC conference.
“现在这类事件发生的频率如此之高，身处险境的人如此之多，我感到更有责任呼吁采取行动，让人们为最坏的情况做好准备，因为最坏的情况正在发生，而且越来越频繁。”根据美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）的一份报告，米尔顿飓风随后在美国和墨西哥造成了15人死亡。NOAA估计，米尔顿还导致了27起与准备、清理和停电有关的间接死亡，更不用说在佛罗里达州造成了343亿美元的损失。
"These events are happening with such frequency now, and there’s so many people in harm’s way, that I feel more compelled to call for action, to have people prepare for the worst, because the worst is happening, more and more often." Hurricane Milton would go on to kill 15 people across the U.S. and Mexico, according to a National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) report. NOAA estimated Milton caused a further 27 indirect deaths related to preparation, clean-up and power failures, not to mention $34.3 billion US in damages in Florida.
墨西哥西南部为“极度危险”飓风波洛的到来做准备 厄尔尼诺现象进入破纪录领域 Morales表示，他的反应是气候焦虑、对受害者的预期性悲伤和挫败感的混合。
Southwestern Mexico braces for arrival of 'extremely dangerous' Hurricane Polo El Niño moves into record-breaking territory Morales said his reaction was a mix of climate anxiety, anticipatory grief for the victims and frustration.
“20到25年来，我一直在传播气候知识，为观众提供气候背景，通过教育赋能他们，要求采取气候行动，”他说。“然而几乎什么都没做。”
"For 20 or 25 years, I’ve been communicating on climate, providing climate context to audiences, empowering them through education, to demand action on climate," he said.
过去并非总是如此。在波多黎各长大时，Morales对如今令他恐惧的风暴感到兴奋。这种着迷引领他走上了气象学家的职业道路。
"Yet hardly anything has been done." It wasn’t always like this. Growing up in Puerto Rico, Morales was excited by the storms he now often dreads. The fascination led him to a career as a meteorologist.
1997年，在白宫举行的一次气象学家会议上，副总统阿尔·戈尔说了一番话，启发了莫拉莱斯。戈尔问道，为什么气象学家会评论流星、地震和火山喷发等事件，却对气候变化保持沉默。莫拉莱斯表示，这番话成为他在广播节目中谈论气候变化的催化剂。
At a meeting of meteorologists at the White House in 1997, vice-president Al Gore said something that inspired Morales. Gore asked why meteorologists comment on events like shooting stars, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions but not climate change. Morales said it was the catalyst for talking about climate change on air.
“起初很难，但后来我发现，新闻编辑室的管理层对我这样做越来越支持，阻力也越来越小，”他说。
"At first it was difficult, and then I started to see more opportunities and less resistance from managers in newsrooms for me to do that," he said.
“我挨的‘耳光’越来越少。”莫拉莱斯表示，如今他很少受到观众的抵触，迈阿密居民常常感谢他对气候变化的报道。
"At first it was difficult, and then I started to see more opportunities and less resistance from managers in newsrooms for me to do that," he said.
如今，他并不孤单，因为他是众多在绿幕前将气候变化纳入工作的气象学家之一。莫拉莱斯称赞了他的同行伊丽莎·拉法的工作，她在中西部更多保守的城市采取这种策略，以能够引起这些观众共鸣的方式解释这一现象。但对于一些广播气象学家来说，这可能是一项危险的尝试。
"My hand was getting slapped less and less." Today, Morales says, he rarely gets pushback from audiences, and Miamians often thank him for his climate coverage. And he’s got a lot of company now, as just one of many meteorologists who incorporate climate change into their work in front of the green screen. Morales lauds the work of his peer Elisa Raffa, who takes this approach in more conservative cities across the Midwest, explaining the phenomenon in a way that resonates with those audiences.
传播气候变化的代价 2019年，克里斯·格隆宁格在NBC旗下波士顿WBTS电视台担任气象学家，这是美国最大的市场之一。他成功向电视台提议开设一个每周的气候变化专栏。
But for some broadcast meteorologists, it can be a dangerous undertaking.
2021年，他决定在一个更持怀疑态度、更保守的市场谈论气候变化。他加入了位于爱荷华州得梅因的KCCI电视台。
The cost of communicating climate In 2019, Chris Gloninger was working as a meteorologist for NBC’s WBTS television station in Boston, one of the biggest markets in the country, when he successfully pitched the station on a weekly climate change segment.
他在纽约气候周上告诉乔安娜·瓦格斯塔夫：“我看到，在美国那些尚未讨论气候变化的地区，存在着谈论气候变化的机会。”
In 2021, he decided he needed to talk about climate change in a more skeptical, conservative market. He took a job with KCCI in Des Moines, Iowa.
“那是一个艰难的决定，老实说，我放弃了一份梦寐以求的工作，但我做好了迎接挑战的准备，因为我认为这是一个非常重要的问题。”这意味着他不得不放弃自己专门的气候变化专题，转而在天气预报中穿插10到15秒关于气候趋势和可再生能源的简短内容。尽管如此，格洛宁格深知全球变暖对爱荷华州庞大的农业部门有着深远的影响，他并没有被那些充满仇恨的邮件所吓倒。他采取了通过谈论气候变化带来的经济成本和能源独立性来与爱荷华州民众沟通的策略。
"I saw there was an opportunity to talk climate in a part of the country where it wasn’t being talked about," he told Joanna Wagstaffe at Climate Week NYC. "That was a difficult decision, and honestly it was leaving a dream job, but I was up for the challenge, because I thought it was that important of an issue." It meant trading his dedicated climate change segment for 10- to 15-second tidbits on climate trends and renewable energy during weathercasts. Still, Gloninger knew that global warming had powerful implications for Iowa’s large agricultural sector, and he was undeterred by the hate mail. He took the approach of talking about the financial costs of climate change and energy independence to get through to Iowans.
“我必须确保自己不是一名激进分子。我必须确保自己不是在试图扮演教育者的角色，”他说。
"That was a difficult decision, and honestly it was leaving a dream job, but I was up for the challenge, because I thought it was that important of an issue." It meant trading his dedicated climate change segment for 10- to 15-second tidbits on climate trends and renewable energy during weathercasts. Still, Gloninger knew that global warming had powerful implications for Iowa’s large agricultural sector, and he was undeterred by the hate mail. He took the approach of talking about the financial costs of climate change and energy independence to get through to Iowans.
“我只是想成为一名展示趋势并解释……事情为何会如此发生的当地气象学家。”但一封邮件改变了一切。2022年，一名观众给格洛宁格发来了一封死亡威胁，提到了几周前针对最高法院大法官布雷特·卡瓦诺的未遂暗杀事件。当时，一名携带枪支、刀具和扎带的男子在卡瓦诺家外被捕。
"I had to make sure that I was not an activist. I had to make sure that I was not trying to be an educator," he said. "I just simply wanted to be the local meteorologist that was showing trends, and explaining ... why things were happening the way they were happening." But everything changed with one email. In 2022, a viewer sent Gloninger a death threat referencing the attempted assassination of Supreme Court Justice Brett Kavanagh just weeks earlier. A man with a gun, a knife and zip ties had been arrested outside Kavanagh’s home.
据《爱荷华首府快报》报道，2022年8月，爱荷华州警方指控63岁的丹尼·汉考克，后者承认犯有三级骚扰罪并被处以罚款。
"I just simply wanted to be the local meteorologist that was showing trends, and explaining ... why things were happening the way they were happening." But everything changed with one email. In 2022, a viewer sent Gloninger a death threat referencing the attempted assassination of Supreme Court Justice Brett Kavanagh just weeks earlier. A man with a gun, a knife and zip ties had been arrested outside Kavanagh’s home.
格洛宁格说，在那之后，他感到电视台缺乏对他的支持。他说，KCCI开始向他施压，要求他停止谈论气候变化和科学问题。他于2023年离职。
In August 2022, police in Iowa charged Danny Hancock, 63, who pleaded guilty to third-degree harassment and received a fine, the Iowa Capital Dispatch reported.
“他们对我当初入职时所达成的一致意见来了个180度大转弯，”他说。“没有任何观众的邮件像我从他们那里得到的反馈那样让我感到刺痛。”KCCI及其母公司赫斯特电视集团尚未回应加拿大广播公司的置评请求。
After that, Gloninger said he felt a lack of support from the station. He says KCCI began pushing him to stop talking about climate change and science. He left in 2023. "They did a 180 on what they agreed with when they hired me," he said. "No viewer email stung as much as the response that I received from them." KCCI and its parent company, Hearst Television, have not responded to CBC’s request for comment.
格洛宁格目前在马萨诸塞州科德角的一家环境工程公司工作。他很喜欢这份工作，但这一转变过程十分艰难。
"They did a 180 on what they agreed with when they hired me," he said. "No viewer email stung as much as the response that I received from them." KCCI and its parent company, Hearst Television, have not responded to CBC’s request for comment.
“在那一刻，我感觉自己放弃了二年级时的克里斯所怀有的梦想，”他在回顾自己作为电视气象预报员的最后一天时说道。“我很想念那份工作。我是真的想念。”在加拿大，情况有所不同吗？
Gloninger now works for an environmental engineering company in Cape Cod, Mass. He enjoys his work, but the transition has been hard. "It felt like I was giving up on the dream that second-grade Chris had," he said of his last day as a broadcast meteorologist. "I miss it. I really do." Are things different in Canada?
佩尔莫克斯公司（The Weather Network的母公司）的首席气象学家克里斯·斯科特表示，他认为气候变化在加拿大并非一个有争议的话题。但他同时也认为，观众收看节目并不是真的为了关注这一点。
Chris Scott, chief meteorologist at Pelmorex — The Weather Network’s parent company — said he doesn’t think climate change is a controversial topic in Canada. But he also believes viewers aren’t really tuning in for it.
他说：“当人们每天收看The Weather Network时，他们是在寻找帮助他们做出决定的信息，比如该穿什么衣服，‘我开车上班的路况会怎样？我什么时候可以进行户外活动？’”斯科特表示，该电视台的做法是将气候变化融入对极端天气事件的报道中，例如今年夏天肆虐该国部分地区的大火。
"When people come to The Weather Network on a daily basis, they are looking for information to help them make decisions, like how to dress, 'what is my drive going to be like? When can I do an outdoor activity?'" he said. Scott said the network’s approach is to incorporate climate change to reporting on extreme weather events, such as the wildfires that ravaged parts of the country this summer.
滑铁卢大学环境学院副教授杰森·西思尔韦特是2019年一项研究的共同作者，该研究采访了包括加拿大广播公司（CBC）在内的加拿大气象播报员，探讨他们在传播气候变化信息方面的角色。这些播报员报告了各种障碍，从担心观众和台方管理层反应不佳，到缺乏制作相关专题的时间及新闻室资源。
Jason Thistlethwaite, an associate professor at the University of Waterloo’s Faculty of Environment, was co-author on a 2019 study that interviewed Canadian weather broadcasters, including the CBC, on their role in communicating climate change. The broadcasters reported a range of barriers, from fears of poor audience and station management reception to a lack of time and newsroom resources to do segments.
西思尔韦特在接受采访时表示：“我不会说得那么绝对，认为在每档六点新闻节目中，气象学家都需要花几秒钟说‘今天的情况显然受到全球气候变化的影响’。”九月底快到了，飓风都去哪儿了？
"I wouldn’t go so far as to say that for every six o’clock news broadcast, that a meteorologist needs to be spending a few seconds saying, 'Well, today is quite clearly being influenced by global climate change,'" Thistlethwaite said in an interview. It's almost the end of September. Where are all the hurricanes?
研究人员称，不列颠哥伦比亚省东北部面临更温暖的未来和更极端的天气威胁。“我认为机会在于，给他们机会去讲述自己的故事。”对于格洛宁格来说，气候变化是这份工作中不可或缺的一部分。
Northeast B.C. faces warmer future and more extreme weather threats, researchers say "Where I think there is opportunity is sort of to give them opportunities to do their own stories." For Gloninger, climate change is an essential part of the job.
他说：“作为气象学家，我们投身这一行是为了拯救和保护生命与财产。如果你没有做到这一点，你就辜负了你的观众。”
"As meteorologists, we get into this to save and protect life and property," he said. "If you’re not doing that, you’re failing your audience."