金砖国家创立的新开发银行有望在年底前帮助设立一只基金，为非洲和拉美贫困家庭提供廉价贷款担保，巴西社会发展部长表示。
The Brics-founded New Development Bank could help launch a fund by the end of the year to guarantee cheap loans for poor families in Africa and Latin America, Brazil’s social development minister said.
该计划将成为这家总部位于上海的贷款机构对巴西发起的全球反饥饿联盟的首项财务承诺。由于美国今年担任二十国集团（G20）轮值主席国，该倡议被排除在G20议程之外。
The scheme would be the Shanghai-based lender’s first financial commitment to Brazil’s global anti-hunger alliance, an initiative sidelined by Washington’s presidency of the G20 this year.
巴西社会发展部长惠灵顿·迪亚斯在纽约联合国大会期间接受《南华早报》采访时表示，首个试点项目（规模仅2亿美元）有望在12月前启动，“可能性很大”。他补充说，新开发银行正与其他四家开发性贷款机构共同设计该方案，各机构仍需完成各自的合规审查。
Wellington Dias told the South China Morning Post on the sidelines of the United Nations General Assembly in New York that the chances of a first pilot programme, worth as little as US$200 million, getting off the ground by December were “very big”. The bank is designing the scheme with four other development lenders, he added, and each still has to run its compliance checks.
资金将注入巴西发起的“全球反饥饿与贫困联盟”。该联盟于2024年11月巴西主办的G20里约热内卢峰会上启动，但去年12月美国接任轮值主席国后，该议题被从G20议程中剔除。
The money would go to Brazil’s Global Alliance Against Hunger and Poverty, launched at the G20 summit Brazil hosted in Rio de Janeiro in November 2024 but dropped from the group’s agenda after the United States took over the rotating presidency in December last year.
特朗普政府曾抵制去年在约翰内斯堡举行的峰会，已将G20议程缩减至放松管制、能源、科技和贸易，排除了巴西2024年轮值主席国任期内的优先议题，如不平等和饥饿问题。
The Trump administration, which boycotted last year’s summit in Johannesburg, has narrowed the G20 agenda to deregulation, energy, technology and trade, leaving out priorities of Brazil’s 2024 presidency such as inequality and hunger.
担任联盟联合主席的迪亚斯表示，美国在饥饿问题上已变得“有些孤立”，但也承认其削减援助是联盟目标面临的“棘手问题”。
Dias, who co-chairs the alliance, said Washington had become “somewhat isolated” on hunger, but admitted that its reduction in aid was a “hard problem” for the group’s objective.
这是因为尽管联盟拥有215名成员（包括107个国家和14家国际金融机构），但没有自有资金，依靠成员为其促成的项目提供资金。
This is because even though it has 215 members (including over 107 countries and 14 international financial institutions), the alliance has no money of its own and relies on members to fund the programmes it brokers.
迄今为止，大部分资金来自美洲开发银行，后者承诺在2025年至2030年间提供高达250亿美元。去年，该行批准了41亿美元符合联盟目标的业务，预计今年将批准58亿美元。
Much of the money so far has come from the Inter-American Development Bank, which pledged up to US$25 billion between 2025 and 2030. It approved US$4.1 billion in alliance-aligned operations last year and expects to approve US$5.8 billion this year.
迪亚斯承认，新开发银行和总部设在北京的亚洲基础设施投资银行迄今均未为任何联盟项目提供资金，但他补充称，金砖国家银行的贡献将通过担保基金实现。
Dias acknowledged that neither the New Development Bank nor the Beijing-based Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank had financed any alliance programme so far, but added that the Brics’ bank contribution would come through the guarantee fund.
对于一家由巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国和南非于2015年成立、主要为基础设施融资的贷款机构来说，这将是全新的领域。当该行于2024年10月加入联盟时，曾提出在水利、环卫、住房和灌溉项目上提供帮助，但未给出具体资金数额。
That would be new territory for a lender set up in 2015 by Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa to finance mostly infrastructure. When it joined the alliance in October 2024, the bank offered help with water, sanitation, housing and irrigation projects, without naming a funding figure. In the model he described, local banks would lend to poor borrowers and the guarantee fund would absorb any defaults.
在迪亚斯描述的模式中，当地银行向贫困借款人放贷，担保基金吸收任何违约损失。
“This will allow a poor person in the country being supported to walk into a bank and get financing,” Dias said.
迪亚斯表示：“这将使受援国的贫困人口能够走进银行获得融资。”
“The poorest are seen by banks as high risk, and the interest is very high. With the guarantee fund, that goes away. The rate collapses, and that matters for financing in both rural and urban areas.” The idea draws on Brazil’s Acredita programme, which offers microcredit to low-income families backed by a one billion reais (US$194 million) government guarantee fund. By October last year it had lent 1.7 billion reais, with a default rate of 0.36 per cent, according to the social development ministry.
“银行视最贫困人群为高风险，利率极高。有了担保基金，这一问题就不复存在。利率大幅下降，这对农村和城市地区的融资都至关重要。” 这一思路借鉴了巴西的“Acredita”计划，该计划由10亿雷亚尔（约合1.94亿美元）的政府担保基金支持，向低收入家庭提供小额信贷。据社会发展部数据，截至去年10月，该计划已放贷17亿雷亚尔，违约率仅为0.36%。该基金还将为中国参与联盟增添金融维度，而这在以往是缺失的。
“The poorest are seen by banks as high risk, and the interest is very high. With the guarantee fund, that goes away. The rate collapses, and that matters for financing in both rural and urban areas.” The idea draws on Brazil’s Acredita programme, which offers microcredit to low-income families backed by a one billion reais (US$194 million) government guarantee fund. By October last year it had lent 1.7 billion reais, with a default rate of 0.36 per cent, according to the social development ministry. The fund would also add a financial dimension to China’s involvement in the alliance, which it has lacked so far.
当习近平主席于2024年11月宣布中国将参加里约峰会时，北京的承诺声明涵盖了国内政策和知识共享，但缺少成员国可选择签署的财政支持部分。
When President Xi Jinping announced China would join the Rio summit in November 2024, Beijing’s statement of commitment covered domestic policy and knowledge sharing but left out the section on financial support that members can choose to sign.
其承诺主要为国内事务，包括到2030年将粮食产能提高5000万吨。
Its pledges were largely domestic, including a 50-million tonne increase in grain production capacity by 2030.
在对外方面，中国通过中国国际减贫中心提供了13类政策建议，其中包括用于扶贫的小额信贷政策。
Abroad, China offered advice on 13 types of policy, among them microcredit for poverty alleviation through the International Poverty Reduction Centre in China.
该国家支持的中心表示，已培训来自140个国家的近1.5万名官员，并与拉丁美洲和加勒比国家共同体共同举办减贫论坛。其副主任李新担任该联盟“冠军委员会”副主席之一。
That state-backed centre says it has trained nearly 15,000 officials from 140 countries and runs a poverty reduction forum with the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States. Its deputy director general, Li Xin, sits on the alliance’s Board of Champions as one of its vice-chairs.
当被问及北京加入联盟以来的贡献时，迪亚斯首先提到中国在国内减贫方面的成功，随后转向其对发展中国家的投资。
Asked what Beijing had contributed since joining the alliance, Dias began with China’s success in reducing poverty at home before turning to its investment in developing countries.
“中国也是在非洲和南美洲投资最多的国家之一，由此以哪怕是传统的方式，为就业和工作创造了机会，”他说。“它投资基础设施等。”关于联盟本身，迪亚斯表示，中国的资金支持重点在于非洲国家的家庭农业，与其他捐助方一道。
“China is also one of the countries investing the most in Africa and South America, and with that it contributes, even if in a traditional way, to opening up opportunities for jobs and work,” he said. “It invests in infrastructure and so on.” On the alliance itself, Dias said Chinese financial support has been focused on family farming in African countries, alongside other donors.
该部长还提到，中国增加了从巴西、非洲和南美洲小生产者合作社的采购，包括来自巴西北部和东北部的有机蜂蜜。
“China is also one of the countries investing the most in Africa and South America, and with that it contributes, even if in a traditional way, to opening up opportunities for jobs and work,” he said. “It invests in infrastructure and so on.” On the alliance itself, Dias said Chinese financial support has been focused on family farming in African countries, alongside other donors.
他说，各国“以知识、资金，也以投资”作出贡献，“在这一领域，中国是一个突出的合作伙伴”。
The minister also cited larger Chinese purchases from small producers’ cooperatives in Brazil, Africa and South America, including organic honey from Brazil’s north and northeast.
迪亚斯表示，北京可以帮助填补美国削减援助留下的空白，尽管这是作为“几个国家之间的协议”一部分，而非单独行动。但据该部长称，金砖国家集团、欧盟和其他论坛之间就此事的谈判在今年早些时候因伊朗战争而中断。
Countries contribute “with knowledge, with money, but also with investment”, he said, and “in this field, China is a prominent partner”. Dias said Beijing could help fill the space left by US aid cuts, though as part of “a pact among several countries” rather than alone. But talks on that between the Brics bloc, the European Union and other forums were disrupted by the Iran war early this year, according to the minister.
迪亚斯说，联盟成员已向古巴运送食物，主要是牛奶，并支持更好的种子、灌溉和渔业项目，以帮助该岛国生产更多自己的粮食。
Alliance members have sent food to Cuba, mainly milk, and are backing better seeds, irrigation and fishing projects to help the island produce more of its own, Dias said.
自1月美国部队抓捕委内瑞拉领导人马杜罗后委内瑞拉石油运输停止以来，古巴遭遇了反复的全国性停电，此后华盛顿还阻止了驶往该岛的油轮。
Cuba has suffered repeated nationwide blackouts since Venezuelan oil shipments stopped after US forces captured Venezuelan leader Nicolas Maduro in January, and Washington has since blocked tankers bound for the island.
迪亚斯将中国、巴西、墨西哥和西班牙在古巴问题上的立场描述为“非常坚定”，并提到古巴设定了3.5吉瓦的太阳能发电目标。
Dias described the positions of China, Brazil, Mexico and Spain on Cuba as “very firm”, and mentioned a Cuban target of 3.5 gigawatts of solar power.
据他统计，有42个国家处于战争或武装冲突状态，迪亚斯呼吁较富裕的经济体（包括中国在内）避免进一步削减援助，或在已发生削减的地方进行补偿。他将此框架为自身利益所在。
With 42 countries at war or in armed conflict by his count, Dias asked richer economies, China among them, to avoid further aid cuts or to compensate where they had happened. He framed it as self-interest.
“当战争蔓延、饥饿和贫困得不到解决时，最富裕的国家也要付出代价，”他说。
“When wars proliferate, when hunger and poverty are not dealt with, the richest also pay,” he said.
“看看无序移民。所有国家都在付出代价，无论是美国、欧洲国家还是巴西。”
“Look at disorderly migration. All countries pay, whether it is the United States, countries in Europe or Brazil.”