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犹太裔民主党人面临又一层玻璃天花板:他们的宗教Jewish Democrats contend with another glass ceiling: Their religion

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参议员乔恩·奥索夫(民主党,佐治亚州)已成为2028年民主党初选早期民调中备受关注的竞争者之一。但策略人士指出,这位佐治亚州参议员面临的一个挑战因素是他的宗教信仰。在党内就以色列及加沙战争问题产生紧张局势之际,奥索夫的崛起迫使党内操盘手直面一个令人不安的问题:在总统政治中,身为犹太人是否可能成为另一道“玻璃天花板”。一位计划参与2028年大选的民主党策略人士坦率表示,如果奥索夫参选,“这将成为讨论的一部分”。“这不公平吗?是的,但这就是我们政治运作的现实。”鉴于围绕美国在加沙背景下支持以色列问题所展开的激烈且持续多年的辩论,这一议题在关注民主党党内竞争早期阶段的人士中尤为引人关注。这场辩论在政治初选中十分激烈,并在2024年初时任总统拜登竞选连任期间,促使人们推动“不承诺”投票。尽管许多美国犹太人和政治人物反对以色列政府及其处理加沙局势的方式,但相关争论也已延伸至以色列的生存权等议题。此外,针对多位政治人物的反犹主义指控也层出不穷。与此同时,一些犹太选民自身也在质疑自己在党内的定位,以及是否会支持包括密歇根州参议员竞选中的阿卜杜勒·埃尔-赛义德在内的候选人。奥索夫并非唯一可能参选2028年大选的犹太人。宾夕法尼亚州州长乔什·夏皮罗是另一位顶级潜在候选人,他曾是前副总统卡玛拉·哈里斯在2024年挑选副手时的最终入围者之一。伊利诺伊州州长JB·普利兹克也是如此,他曾表示自己的信仰“影响”着他。

Sen. Jon Ossoff (D-Ga.) has emerged as one of the most closely watched contenders in the initial polling for the 2028 Democratic primary. But one factor strategists say could be a challenge for the Georgia senator is his religion. Amid party tensions over Israel and the war in Gaza, Ossoff's rise is pushing an uncomfortable question to the forefront for party operatives: whether being Jewish could be another glass ceiling in presidential politics. If Ossoff enters the race, “It’s going to be part of the conversation," one Democratic strategist who plans to be part of the 2028 election said candidly. “Is it unfair? Yeah but it's how our politics operate.” It’s of particular interest among those watching the early stages of the Democratic Party’s contest given the fierce, years-long debate over U.S. support for Israel in the context of Gaza. The debate has been fierce in political primaries and led to drives for people to vote “uncommitted” when then-President Biden was running for reelection in early 2024. While plenty of Jewish Americans and politicians are opposed to Israel’s government and its handling of Gaza, the battles have also stretched to such issues as Israel’s right to exist. Accusations of antisemitism against various politicians have also been leveled. It also comes at a time when some Jewish voters themselves are questioning their place in the party and whether they would support candidates including Abdul El-Sayed in the Michigan Senate race. Ossoff is not the only potential 2028 contender who is Jewish. Pennsylvania Gov. Josh Shapiro, a finalist in former Vice President Kamala Harris’s search for a running mate in 2024, is another top potential candidate. So is Illinois Gov. JB Pritzker, who has said that his faith "influences" him. Asked if Democratic voters would turn their backs on a Jewish candidate like Ossoff, Shapiro or Pritzker, Democratic strategist Steve Schale said, “I sure as hell hope it’s not an issue.” “I believe, in the end, it’s going to be everything else that matters more,” added Schale, who ran former President Obama’s successful Florida operation during the 2008 presidential campaign. Recent polling underscores why Democrats are talking about the issue. A Politico/Public poll out earlier this year found that being of Jewish faith hurt hypothetical candidates among both Democratic and Republican voters, compared with candidates who were Christian. A separate survey out last week found that Democrats were less likely to support candidates who regularly attended synagogue over those who only went to temple once a year or did not practice a religion. Among Republicans, however, candidates who regularly attended synagogue fared better than those who attended occasionally. Strategists say the numbers are telling — for any of the prospective Jewish candidates. “I think it’s going to be the big debate of ‘Do they just sort of let it lie and talk about it as it comes up or try the big head-on speech about it?’ Democratic strategist Eddie Vale said. Vale pointed to Obama’s speech on race during his 2008 campaign and John F. Kennedy’s address on religion before he became the nation’s first Catholic president to show how candidates can turn perceptions, or even take on prejudices, head-on. “Overcoming people’s perceptions and biases” on Judaism will be something candidates will have to overcome, Vale said. “And it’s an open question where it ends up.” The late Sen. Joe Lieberman (Conn.) became the first Jewish candidate on a major party ticket as Al Gore’s running mate in 2000. And when Lieberman, who was an observant Orthodox Jew, was running for president in 2004, he also found ways of discussing his religion proactively. “He found a way to deploy faith on the campaign trail,” said Basil Smikle, the Democratic strategist who worked for Lieberman during the campaign. “I went to a Black church with [him] and he discussed his faith openly and was well-received. “The issue isn’t religious affiliation. It’s connectivity,” Smikle added. A candidate’s positions on Israel will come under deep scrutiny during the Democratic presidential primary no matter their religion, but it’s possible Jewish candidates will come under even more scrutiny from some voters. Ossoff has described himself a “pro-Israel Jewish American.” He has supported aid for Israel to defend itself but has been critical of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and the Israeli government’s actions in Gaza. As part of that criticism, he has voted to restrict some weapons transfers to Israel, which has angered and alienated some of his Jewish constituents in Georgia. Last month, Michael Morris, the publisher of the Atlanta Jewish Times, wrote an open letter blasting Ossoff for his Senate votes opposing Israel. “I apologize for being blunt but please, stop lying to me and your constituents,” Morris wrote in the letter. “I hear you claim, over and over again, that you support Israel — that your support is ‘ironclad.’ It is not. You vote against Israel on the Senate floor in Washington, then come home to Georgia and make this untruthful claim.” Rep. Mike Collins (R-Ga.), who is running against Ossoff in this year’s Senate race, has pounced on that criticism, calling the senator a “sellout” and accusing his rival of pandering to progressive Democrats while highlighting his own record of support for Israel. While antisemitism and protests toward the Israeli government’s treatment of Gaza have increased, Smikle said, he predicted that voters will be able to look past those tensions. Politicians, he said, “should be expected to celebrate their own faith.” But Schale said that “religiosity in general isn’t great” among Democrats. “I think our base has simply become very urban and secular, many of whom didn’t grow up in a family where faith was part of their lives,” he said. He warned that as population growth shifts congressional seats and Electoral College votes toward the South after the 2030 census, it will require Democrats to “create space” in the coalition for people of faith, no matter their religion. “If we really want to be a party that is open to all, that tent has to include people of faith, regardless of how they practice their faith,” he said.

当被问及民主党选民是否会背弃奥索夫(Ossoff)、夏皮罗(Shapiro)或普利兹克(Pritzker)这样的犹太裔候选人时,民主党战略家史蒂夫·沙勒(Steve Schale)表示:“我当然希望这不会成为一个问题。”曾负责奥巴马前总统2008年竞选期间佛罗里达州成功运作的沙勒补充道:“我相信,归根结底,其他所有因素都比这更重要。”

Sen. Jon Ossoff (D-Ga.) has emerged as one of the most closely watched contenders in the initial polling for the 2028 Democratic primary. But one factor strategists say could be a challenge for the Georgia senator is his religion. Amid party tensions over Israel and the war in Gaza, Ossoff's rise is pushing an uncomfortable question to the forefront for party operatives: whether being Jewish could be another glass ceiling in presidential politics. If Ossoff enters the race, “It’s going to be part of the conversation," one Democratic strategist who plans to be part of the 2028 election said candidly. “Is it unfair? Yeah but it's how our politics operate.” It’s of particular interest among those watching the early stages of the Democratic Party’s contest given the fierce, years-long debate over U.S. support for Israel in the context of Gaza. The debate has been fierce in political primaries and led to drives for people to vote “uncommitted” when then-President Biden was running for reelection in early 2024. While plenty of Jewish Americans and politicians are opposed to Israel’s government and its handling of Gaza, the battles have also stretched to such issues as Israel’s right to exist. Accusations of antisemitism against various politicians have also been leveled. It also comes at a time when some Jewish voters themselves are questioning their place in the party and whether they would support candidates including Abdul El-Sayed in the Michigan Senate race. Ossoff is not the only potential 2028 contender who is Jewish. Pennsylvania Gov. Josh Shapiro, a finalist in former Vice President Kamala Harris’s search for a running mate in 2024, is another top potential candidate. So is Illinois Gov. JB Pritzker, who has said that his faith "influences" him. Asked if Democratic voters would turn their backs on a Jewish candidate like Ossoff, Shapiro or Pritzker, Democratic strategist Steve Schale said, “I sure as hell hope it’s not an issue.” “I believe, in the end, it’s going to be everything else that matters more,” added Schale, who ran former President Obama’s successful Florida operation during the 2008 presidential campaign. Recent polling underscores why Democrats are talking about the issue. A Politico/Public poll out earlier this year found that being of Jewish faith hurt hypothetical candidates among both Democratic and Republican voters, compared with candidates who were Christian. A separate survey out last week found that Democrats were less likely to support candidates who regularly attended synagogue over those who only went to temple once a year or did not practice a religion. Among Republicans, however, candidates who regularly attended synagogue fared better than those who attended occasionally. Strategists say the numbers are telling — for any of the prospective Jewish candidates. “I think it’s going to be the big debate of ‘Do they just sort of let it lie and talk about it as it comes up or try the big head-on speech about it?’ Democratic strategist Eddie Vale said. Vale pointed to Obama’s speech on race during his 2008 campaign and John F. Kennedy’s address on religion before he became the nation’s first Catholic president to show how candidates can turn perceptions, or even take on prejudices, head-on. “Overcoming people’s perceptions and biases” on Judaism will be something candidates will have to overcome, Vale said. “And it’s an open question where it ends up.” The late Sen. Joe Lieberman (Conn.) became the first Jewish candidate on a major party ticket as Al Gore’s running mate in 2000. And when Lieberman, who was an observant Orthodox Jew, was running for president in 2004, he also found ways of discussing his religion proactively. “He found a way to deploy faith on the campaign trail,” said Basil Smikle, the Democratic strategist who worked for Lieberman during the campaign. “I went to a Black church with [him] and he discussed his faith openly and was well-received. “The issue isn’t religious affiliation. It’s connectivity,” Smikle added. A candidate’s positions on Israel will come under deep scrutiny during the Democratic presidential primary no matter their religion, but it’s possible Jewish candidates will come under even more scrutiny from some voters. Ossoff has described himself a “pro-Israel Jewish American.” He has supported aid for Israel to defend itself but has been critical of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and the Israeli government’s actions in Gaza. As part of that criticism, he has voted to restrict some weapons transfers to Israel, which has angered and alienated some of his Jewish constituents in Georgia. Last month, Michael Morris, the publisher of the Atlanta Jewish Times, wrote an open letter blasting Ossoff for his Senate votes opposing Israel. “I apologize for being blunt but please, stop lying to me and your constituents,” Morris wrote in the letter. “I hear you claim, over and over again, that you support Israel — that your support is ‘ironclad.’ It is not. You vote against Israel on the Senate floor in Washington, then come home to Georgia and make this untruthful claim.” Rep. Mike Collins (R-Ga.), who is running against Ossoff in this year’s Senate race, has pounced on that criticism, calling the senator a “sellout” and accusing his rival of pandering to progressive Democrats while highlighting his own record of support for Israel. While antisemitism and protests toward the Israeli government’s treatment of Gaza have increased, Smikle said, he predicted that voters will be able to look past those tensions. Politicians, he said, “should be expected to celebrate their own faith.” But Schale said that “religiosity in general isn’t great” among Democrats. “I think our base has simply become very urban and secular, many of whom didn’t grow up in a family where faith was part of their lives,” he said. He warned that as population growth shifts congressional seats and Electoral College votes toward the South after the 2030 census, it will require Democrats to “create space” in the coalition for people of faith, no matter their religion. “If we really want to be a party that is open to all, that tent has to include people of faith, regardless of how they practice their faith,” he said.

近期的民意调查凸显了民主党人讨论这一问题的原因。今年早些时候发布的一项Politico/Public民调发现,与基督徒候选人相比,犹太信仰在民主党和共和党选民眼中都会对假设的候选人产生负面影响。上周发布的另一项调查发现,相比于只在一年一度的节日去会堂或没有宗教信仰的候选人,民主党人对经常去会堂的候选人的支持意愿较低。然而,在共和党人中,经常去会堂的候选人表现反而优于偶尔去会堂的候选人。

Sen. Jon Ossoff (D-Ga.) has emerged as one of the most closely watched contenders in the initial polling for the 2028 Democratic primary. But one factor strategists say could be a challenge for the Georgia senator is his religion. Amid party tensions over Israel and the war in Gaza, Ossoff's rise is pushing an uncomfortable question to the forefront for party operatives: whether being Jewish could be another glass ceiling in presidential politics. If Ossoff enters the race, “It’s going to be part of the conversation," one Democratic strategist who plans to be part of the 2028 election said candidly. “Is it unfair? Yeah but it's how our politics operate.” It’s of particular interest among those watching the early stages of the Democratic Party’s contest given the fierce, years-long debate over U.S. support for Israel in the context of Gaza. The debate has been fierce in political primaries and led to drives for people to vote “uncommitted” when then-President Biden was running for reelection in early 2024. While plenty of Jewish Americans and politicians are opposed to Israel’s government and its handling of Gaza, the battles have also stretched to such issues as Israel’s right to exist. Accusations of antisemitism against various politicians have also been leveled. It also comes at a time when some Jewish voters themselves are questioning their place in the party and whether they would support candidates including Abdul El-Sayed in the Michigan Senate race. Ossoff is not the only potential 2028 contender who is Jewish. Pennsylvania Gov. Josh Shapiro, a finalist in former Vice President Kamala Harris’s search for a running mate in 2024, is another top potential candidate. So is Illinois Gov. JB Pritzker, who has said that his faith "influences" him. Asked if Democratic voters would turn their backs on a Jewish candidate like Ossoff, Shapiro or Pritzker, Democratic strategist Steve Schale said, “I sure as hell hope it’s not an issue.” “I believe, in the end, it’s going to be everything else that matters more,” added Schale, who ran former President Obama’s successful Florida operation during the 2008 presidential campaign. Recent polling underscores why Democrats are talking about the issue. A Politico/Public poll out earlier this year found that being of Jewish faith hurt hypothetical candidates among both Democratic and Republican voters, compared with candidates who were Christian. A separate survey out last week found that Democrats were less likely to support candidates who regularly attended synagogue over those who only went to temple once a year or did not practice a religion. Among Republicans, however, candidates who regularly attended synagogue fared better than those who attended occasionally. Strategists say the numbers are telling — for any of the prospective Jewish candidates. “I think it’s going to be the big debate of ‘Do they just sort of let it lie and talk about it as it comes up or try the big head-on speech about it?’ Democratic strategist Eddie Vale said. Vale pointed to Obama’s speech on race during his 2008 campaign and John F. Kennedy’s address on religion before he became the nation’s first Catholic president to show how candidates can turn perceptions, or even take on prejudices, head-on. “Overcoming people’s perceptions and biases” on Judaism will be something candidates will have to overcome, Vale said. “And it’s an open question where it ends up.” The late Sen. Joe Lieberman (Conn.) became the first Jewish candidate on a major party ticket as Al Gore’s running mate in 2000. And when Lieberman, who was an observant Orthodox Jew, was running for president in 2004, he also found ways of discussing his religion proactively. “He found a way to deploy faith on the campaign trail,” said Basil Smikle, the Democratic strategist who worked for Lieberman during the campaign. “I went to a Black church with [him] and he discussed his faith openly and was well-received. “The issue isn’t religious affiliation. It’s connectivity,” Smikle added. A candidate’s positions on Israel will come under deep scrutiny during the Democratic presidential primary no matter their religion, but it’s possible Jewish candidates will come under even more scrutiny from some voters. Ossoff has described himself a “pro-Israel Jewish American.” He has supported aid for Israel to defend itself but has been critical of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and the Israeli government’s actions in Gaza. As part of that criticism, he has voted to restrict some weapons transfers to Israel, which has angered and alienated some of his Jewish constituents in Georgia. Last month, Michael Morris, the publisher of the Atlanta Jewish Times, wrote an open letter blasting Ossoff for his Senate votes opposing Israel. “I apologize for being blunt but please, stop lying to me and your constituents,” Morris wrote in the letter. “I hear you claim, over and over again, that you support Israel — that your support is ‘ironclad.’ It is not. You vote against Israel on the Senate floor in Washington, then come home to Georgia and make this untruthful claim.” Rep. Mike Collins (R-Ga.), who is running against Ossoff in this year’s Senate race, has pounced on that criticism, calling the senator a “sellout” and accusing his rival of pandering to progressive Democrats while highlighting his own record of support for Israel. While antisemitism and protests toward the Israeli government’s treatment of Gaza have increased, Smikle said, he predicted that voters will be able to look past those tensions. Politicians, he said, “should be expected to celebrate their own faith.” But Schale said that “religiosity in general isn’t great” among Democrats. “I think our base has simply become very urban and secular, many of whom didn’t grow up in a family where faith was part of their lives,” he said. He warned that as population growth shifts congressional seats and Electoral College votes toward the South after the 2030 census, it will require Democrats to “create space” in the coalition for people of faith, no matter their religion. “If we really want to be a party that is open to all, that tent has to include people of faith, regardless of how they practice their faith,” he said.

战略家们表示,这些数据对于任何潜在的犹太裔候选人来说都具有启示意义。民主党战略家埃迪·维尔(Eddie Vale)说:“我认为这将是一场大辩论:他们是选择顺其自然、见招拆招,还是尝试发表一场直面问题的重磅演讲?”维尔提到了奥巴马在2008年竞选期间关于种族的演讲,以及约翰·F·肯尼迪在成为美国首位天主教总统前就宗教问题发表的演说,以此说明候选人如何能够扭转观念,甚至直面偏见。

Sen. Jon Ossoff (D-Ga.) has emerged as one of the most closely watched contenders in the initial polling for the 2028 Democratic primary. But one factor strategists say could be a challenge for the Georgia senator is his religion. Amid party tensions over Israel and the war in Gaza, Ossoff's rise is pushing an uncomfortable question to the forefront for party operatives: whether being Jewish could be another glass ceiling in presidential politics. If Ossoff enters the race, “It’s going to be part of the conversation," one Democratic strategist who plans to be part of the 2028 election said candidly. “Is it unfair? Yeah but it's how our politics operate.” It’s of particular interest among those watching the early stages of the Democratic Party’s contest given the fierce, years-long debate over U.S. support for Israel in the context of Gaza. The debate has been fierce in political primaries and led to drives for people to vote “uncommitted” when then-President Biden was running for reelection in early 2024. While plenty of Jewish Americans and politicians are opposed to Israel’s government and its handling of Gaza, the battles have also stretched to such issues as Israel’s right to exist. Accusations of antisemitism against various politicians have also been leveled. It also comes at a time when some Jewish voters themselves are questioning their place in the party and whether they would support candidates including Abdul El-Sayed in the Michigan Senate race. Ossoff is not the only potential 2028 contender who is Jewish. Pennsylvania Gov. Josh Shapiro, a finalist in former Vice President Kamala Harris’s search for a running mate in 2024, is another top potential candidate. So is Illinois Gov. JB Pritzker, who has said that his faith "influences" him. Asked if Democratic voters would turn their backs on a Jewish candidate like Ossoff, Shapiro or Pritzker, Democratic strategist Steve Schale said, “I sure as hell hope it’s not an issue.” “I believe, in the end, it’s going to be everything else that matters more,” added Schale, who ran former President Obama’s successful Florida operation during the 2008 presidential campaign. Recent polling underscores why Democrats are talking about the issue. A Politico/Public poll out earlier this year found that being of Jewish faith hurt hypothetical candidates among both Democratic and Republican voters, compared with candidates who were Christian. A separate survey out last week found that Democrats were less likely to support candidates who regularly attended synagogue over those who only went to temple once a year or did not practice a religion. Among Republicans, however, candidates who regularly attended synagogue fared better than those who attended occasionally. Strategists say the numbers are telling — for any of the prospective Jewish candidates. “I think it’s going to be the big debate of ‘Do they just sort of let it lie and talk about it as it comes up or try the big head-on speech about it?’ Democratic strategist Eddie Vale said. Vale pointed to Obama’s speech on race during his 2008 campaign and John F. Kennedy’s address on religion before he became the nation’s first Catholic president to show how candidates can turn perceptions, or even take on prejudices, head-on. “Overcoming people’s perceptions and biases” on Judaism will be something candidates will have to overcome, Vale said. “And it’s an open question where it ends up.” The late Sen. Joe Lieberman (Conn.) became the first Jewish candidate on a major party ticket as Al Gore’s running mate in 2000. And when Lieberman, who was an observant Orthodox Jew, was running for president in 2004, he also found ways of discussing his religion proactively. “He found a way to deploy faith on the campaign trail,” said Basil Smikle, the Democratic strategist who worked for Lieberman during the campaign. “I went to a Black church with [him] and he discussed his faith openly and was well-received. “The issue isn’t religious affiliation. It’s connectivity,” Smikle added. A candidate’s positions on Israel will come under deep scrutiny during the Democratic presidential primary no matter their religion, but it’s possible Jewish candidates will come under even more scrutiny from some voters. Ossoff has described himself a “pro-Israel Jewish American.” He has supported aid for Israel to defend itself but has been critical of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and the Israeli government’s actions in Gaza. As part of that criticism, he has voted to restrict some weapons transfers to Israel, which has angered and alienated some of his Jewish constituents in Georgia. Last month, Michael Morris, the publisher of the Atlanta Jewish Times, wrote an open letter blasting Ossoff for his Senate votes opposing Israel. “I apologize for being blunt but please, stop lying to me and your constituents,” Morris wrote in the letter. “I hear you claim, over and over again, that you support Israel — that your support is ‘ironclad.’ It is not. You vote against Israel on the Senate floor in Washington, then come home to Georgia and make this untruthful claim.” Rep. Mike Collins (R-Ga.), who is running against Ossoff in this year’s Senate race, has pounced on that criticism, calling the senator a “sellout” and accusing his rival of pandering to progressive Democrats while highlighting his own record of support for Israel. While antisemitism and protests toward the Israeli government’s treatment of Gaza have increased, Smikle said, he predicted that voters will be able to look past those tensions. Politicians, he said, “should be expected to celebrate their own faith.” But Schale said that “religiosity in general isn’t great” among Democrats. “I think our base has simply become very urban and secular, many of whom didn’t grow up in a family where faith was part of their lives,” he said. He warned that as population growth shifts congressional seats and Electoral College votes toward the South after the 2030 census, it will require Democrats to “create space” in the coalition for people of faith, no matter their religion. “If we really want to be a party that is open to all, that tent has to include people of faith, regardless of how they practice their faith,” he said.

维尔表示,克服人们对犹太教的“认知和偏见”将是候选人必须面对的挑战。“至于最终结果如何,目前还是个未知数。”已故参议员乔·利伯曼(Joe Lieberman,康涅狄格州)在2000年作为阿尔·戈尔(Al Gore)的竞选搭档,成为主要政党候选人名单上的首位犹太裔候选人。而当身为虔诚正统派犹太教徒的利伯曼在2004年竞选总统时,他也找到了主动讨论自己宗教信仰的方式。

Sen. Jon Ossoff (D-Ga.) has emerged as one of the most closely watched contenders in the initial polling for the 2028 Democratic primary. But one factor strategists say could be a challenge for the Georgia senator is his religion. Amid party tensions over Israel and the war in Gaza, Ossoff's rise is pushing an uncomfortable question to the forefront for party operatives: whether being Jewish could be another glass ceiling in presidential politics. If Ossoff enters the race, “It’s going to be part of the conversation," one Democratic strategist who plans to be part of the 2028 election said candidly. “Is it unfair? Yeah but it's how our politics operate.” It’s of particular interest among those watching the early stages of the Democratic Party’s contest given the fierce, years-long debate over U.S. support for Israel in the context of Gaza. The debate has been fierce in political primaries and led to drives for people to vote “uncommitted” when then-President Biden was running for reelection in early 2024. While plenty of Jewish Americans and politicians are opposed to Israel’s government and its handling of Gaza, the battles have also stretched to such issues as Israel’s right to exist. Accusations of antisemitism against various politicians have also been leveled. It also comes at a time when some Jewish voters themselves are questioning their place in the party and whether they would support candidates including Abdul El-Sayed in the Michigan Senate race. Ossoff is not the only potential 2028 contender who is Jewish. Pennsylvania Gov. Josh Shapiro, a finalist in former Vice President Kamala Harris’s search for a running mate in 2024, is another top potential candidate. So is Illinois Gov. JB Pritzker, who has said that his faith "influences" him. Asked if Democratic voters would turn their backs on a Jewish candidate like Ossoff, Shapiro or Pritzker, Democratic strategist Steve Schale said, “I sure as hell hope it’s not an issue.” “I believe, in the end, it’s going to be everything else that matters more,” added Schale, who ran former President Obama’s successful Florida operation during the 2008 presidential campaign. Recent polling underscores why Democrats are talking about the issue. A Politico/Public poll out earlier this year found that being of Jewish faith hurt hypothetical candidates among both Democratic and Republican voters, compared with candidates who were Christian. A separate survey out last week found that Democrats were less likely to support candidates who regularly attended synagogue over those who only went to temple once a year or did not practice a religion. Among Republicans, however, candidates who regularly attended synagogue fared better than those who attended occasionally. Strategists say the numbers are telling — for any of the prospective Jewish candidates. “I think it’s going to be the big debate of ‘Do they just sort of let it lie and talk about it as it comes up or try the big head-on speech about it?’ Democratic strategist Eddie Vale said. Vale pointed to Obama’s speech on race during his 2008 campaign and John F. Kennedy’s address on religion before he became the nation’s first Catholic president to show how candidates can turn perceptions, or even take on prejudices, head-on. “Overcoming people’s perceptions and biases” on Judaism will be something candidates will have to overcome, Vale said. “And it’s an open question where it ends up.” The late Sen. Joe Lieberman (Conn.) became the first Jewish candidate on a major party ticket as Al Gore’s running mate in 2000. And when Lieberman, who was an observant Orthodox Jew, was running for president in 2004, he also found ways of discussing his religion proactively. “He found a way to deploy faith on the campaign trail,” said Basil Smikle, the Democratic strategist who worked for Lieberman during the campaign. “I went to a Black church with [him] and he discussed his faith openly and was well-received. “The issue isn’t religious affiliation. It’s connectivity,” Smikle added. A candidate’s positions on Israel will come under deep scrutiny during the Democratic presidential primary no matter their religion, but it’s possible Jewish candidates will come under even more scrutiny from some voters. Ossoff has described himself a “pro-Israel Jewish American.” He has supported aid for Israel to defend itself but has been critical of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and the Israeli government’s actions in Gaza. As part of that criticism, he has voted to restrict some weapons transfers to Israel, which has angered and alienated some of his Jewish constituents in Georgia. Last month, Michael Morris, the publisher of the Atlanta Jewish Times, wrote an open letter blasting Ossoff for his Senate votes opposing Israel. “I apologize for being blunt but please, stop lying to me and your constituents,” Morris wrote in the letter. “I hear you claim, over and over again, that you support Israel — that your support is ‘ironclad.’ It is not. You vote against Israel on the Senate floor in Washington, then come home to Georgia and make this untruthful claim.” Rep. Mike Collins (R-Ga.), who is running against Ossoff in this year’s Senate race, has pounced on that criticism, calling the senator a “sellout” and accusing his rival of pandering to progressive Democrats while highlighting his own record of support for Israel. While antisemitism and protests toward the Israeli government’s treatment of Gaza have increased, Smikle said, he predicted that voters will be able to look past those tensions. Politicians, he said, “should be expected to celebrate their own faith.” But Schale said that “religiosity in general isn’t great” among Democrats. “I think our base has simply become very urban and secular, many of whom didn’t grow up in a family where faith was part of their lives,” he said. He warned that as population growth shifts congressional seats and Electoral College votes toward the South after the 2030 census, it will require Democrats to “create space” in the coalition for people of faith, no matter their religion. “If we really want to be a party that is open to all, that tent has to include people of faith, regardless of how they practice their faith,” he said.

“他找到了在竞选活动中展现信仰的方式,”民主党策略师巴希尔·斯迈克(Basil Smikle)说道,他曾为利伯曼的竞选团队工作。“我曾和他一起参加黑人教堂的活动,他公开谈论自己的信仰,并受到了热烈欢迎。”斯迈克补充道:“问题不在于宗教归属,而在于连接感。”无论宗教背景如何,民主党总统初选期间,候选人对以色列的立场都将受到深入审视,但犹太裔候选人可能会面临部分选民更为严苛的审查。奥索夫(Ossoff)曾自称为“亲以色列的美国犹太人”。他支持向以色列提供援助以助其自卫,但批评了总理本雅明·内塔尼亚胡及以色列政府在加沙的行动。作为批评的一部分,他投票限制向以色列的部分武器转让,这激怒并疏远了他佐治亚州的一些犹太裔选民。上个月,《亚特兰大犹太时报》出版商迈克尔·莫里斯(Michael Morris)发表公开信,猛烈抨击奥索夫在参议院投下反对以色列的选票。莫里斯在信中写道:“我直言不讳,但请停止对我及你的选民撒谎。”“我反复听到你声称支持以色列——称你的支持是‘坚如磐石’的。事实并非如此。你在华盛顿的参议院投票反对以色列,然后回到佐治亚州,做出这种不实的声明。”今年参议院选举中挑战奥索夫的共和党众议员迈克·柯林斯(Mike Collins)抓住了这一批评,称这位参议员是“叛徒”,并指责对手迎合进步派民主党人,同时强调自己支持以色列的记录。斯迈克表示,尽管反犹主义和针对以色列政府处理加沙局势的抗议活动有所增加,但他预测选民能够超越这些紧张关系。他说,政治家“理应被期望庆祝自己的信仰”。但沙勒(Schale)表示,民主党人“总体而言,宗教虔诚度并不高”。

Sen. Jon Ossoff (D-Ga.) has emerged as one of the most closely watched contenders in the initial polling for the 2028 Democratic primary. But one factor strategists say could be a challenge for the Georgia senator is his religion. Amid party tensions over Israel and the war in Gaza, Ossoff's rise is pushing an uncomfortable question to the forefront for party operatives: whether being Jewish could be another glass ceiling in presidential politics. If Ossoff enters the race, “It’s going to be part of the conversation," one Democratic strategist who plans to be part of the 2028 election said candidly. “Is it unfair? Yeah but it's how our politics operate.” It’s of particular interest among those watching the early stages of the Democratic Party’s contest given the fierce, years-long debate over U.S. support for Israel in the context of Gaza. The debate has been fierce in political primaries and led to drives for people to vote “uncommitted” when then-President Biden was running for reelection in early 2024. While plenty of Jewish Americans and politicians are opposed to Israel’s government and its handling of Gaza, the battles have also stretched to such issues as Israel’s right to exist. Accusations of antisemitism against various politicians have also been leveled. It also comes at a time when some Jewish voters themselves are questioning their place in the party and whether they would support candidates including Abdul El-Sayed in the Michigan Senate race. Ossoff is not the only potential 2028 contender who is Jewish. Pennsylvania Gov. Josh Shapiro, a finalist in former Vice President Kamala Harris’s search for a running mate in 2024, is another top potential candidate. So is Illinois Gov. JB Pritzker, who has said that his faith "influences" him. Asked if Democratic voters would turn their backs on a Jewish candidate like Ossoff, Shapiro or Pritzker, Democratic strategist Steve Schale said, “I sure as hell hope it’s not an issue.” “I believe, in the end, it’s going to be everything else that matters more,” added Schale, who ran former President Obama’s successful Florida operation during the 2008 presidential campaign. Recent polling underscores why Democrats are talking about the issue. A Politico/Public poll out earlier this year found that being of Jewish faith hurt hypothetical candidates among both Democratic and Republican voters, compared with candidates who were Christian. A separate survey out last week found that Democrats were less likely to support candidates who regularly attended synagogue over those who only went to temple once a year or did not practice a religion. Among Republicans, however, candidates who regularly attended synagogue fared better than those who attended occasionally. Strategists say the numbers are telling — for any of the prospective Jewish candidates. “I think it’s going to be the big debate of ‘Do they just sort of let it lie and talk about it as it comes up or try the big head-on speech about it?’ Democratic strategist Eddie Vale said. Vale pointed to Obama’s speech on race during his 2008 campaign and John F. Kennedy’s address on religion before he became the nation’s first Catholic president to show how candidates can turn perceptions, or even take on prejudices, head-on. “Overcoming people’s perceptions and biases” on Judaism will be something candidates will have to overcome, Vale said. “And it’s an open question where it ends up.” The late Sen. Joe Lieberman (Conn.) became the first Jewish candidate on a major party ticket as Al Gore’s running mate in 2000. And when Lieberman, who was an observant Orthodox Jew, was running for president in 2004, he also found ways of discussing his religion proactively. “He found a way to deploy faith on the campaign trail,” said Basil Smikle, the Democratic strategist who worked for Lieberman during the campaign. “I went to a Black church with [him] and he discussed his faith openly and was well-received. “The issue isn’t religious affiliation. It’s connectivity,” Smikle added. A candidate’s positions on Israel will come under deep scrutiny during the Democratic presidential primary no matter their religion, but it’s possible Jewish candidates will come under even more scrutiny from some voters. Ossoff has described himself a “pro-Israel Jewish American.” He has supported aid for Israel to defend itself but has been critical of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and the Israeli government’s actions in Gaza. As part of that criticism, he has voted to restrict some weapons transfers to Israel, which has angered and alienated some of his Jewish constituents in Georgia. Last month, Michael Morris, the publisher of the Atlanta Jewish Times, wrote an open letter blasting Ossoff for his Senate votes opposing Israel. “I apologize for being blunt but please, stop lying to me and your constituents,” Morris wrote in the letter. “I hear you claim, over and over again, that you support Israel — that your support is ‘ironclad.’ It is not. You vote against Israel on the Senate floor in Washington, then come home to Georgia and make this untruthful claim.” Rep. Mike Collins (R-Ga.), who is running against Ossoff in this year’s Senate race, has pounced on that criticism, calling the senator a “sellout” and accusing his rival of pandering to progressive Democrats while highlighting his own record of support for Israel. While antisemitism and protests toward the Israeli government’s treatment of Gaza have increased, Smikle said, he predicted that voters will be able to look past those tensions. Politicians, he said, “should be expected to celebrate their own faith.” But Schale said that “religiosity in general isn’t great” among Democrats. “I think our base has simply become very urban and secular, many of whom didn’t grow up in a family where faith was part of their lives,” he said. He warned that as population growth shifts congressional seats and Electoral College votes toward the South after the 2030 census, it will require Democrats to “create space” in the coalition for people of faith, no matter their religion. “If we really want to be a party that is open to all, that tent has to include people of faith, regardless of how they practice their faith,” he said.

“我认为我们的基本盘已经变得非常城市化和世俗化,其中许多人成长的家庭中并没有信仰,”他说。他警告称,随着2030年人口普查后人口增长将国会席位和选举人票向南部转移,这将要求民主党人在联盟中为信教人士“留出空间”,无论他们信仰何种宗教。“如果我们真的想成为一个对所有人开放的政党,这个阵营就必须包容信教人士,无论他们以何种方式践行信仰,”他说。

Sen. Jon Ossoff (D-Ga.) has emerged as one of the most closely watched contenders in the initial polling for the 2028 Democratic primary. But one factor strategists say could be a challenge for the Georgia senator is his religion. Amid party tensions over Israel and the war in Gaza, Ossoff's rise is pushing an uncomfortable question to the forefront for party operatives: whether being Jewish could be another glass ceiling in presidential politics. If Ossoff enters the race, “It’s going to be part of the conversation," one Democratic strategist who plans to be part of the 2028 election said candidly. “Is it unfair? Yeah but it's how our politics operate.” It’s of particular interest among those watching the early stages of the Democratic Party’s contest given the fierce, years-long debate over U.S. support for Israel in the context of Gaza. The debate has been fierce in political primaries and led to drives for people to vote “uncommitted” when then-President Biden was running for reelection in early 2024. While plenty of Jewish Americans and politicians are opposed to Israel’s government and its handling of Gaza, the battles have also stretched to such issues as Israel’s right to exist. Accusations of antisemitism against various politicians have also been leveled. It also comes at a time when some Jewish voters themselves are questioning their place in the party and whether they would support candidates including Abdul El-Sayed in the Michigan Senate race. Ossoff is not the only potential 2028 contender who is Jewish. Pennsylvania Gov. Josh Shapiro, a finalist in former Vice President Kamala Harris’s search for a running mate in 2024, is another top potential candidate. So is Illinois Gov. JB Pritzker, who has said that his faith "influences" him. Asked if Democratic voters would turn their backs on a Jewish candidate like Ossoff, Shapiro or Pritzker, Democratic strategist Steve Schale said, “I sure as hell hope it’s not an issue.” “I believe, in the end, it’s going to be everything else that matters more,” added Schale, who ran former President Obama’s successful Florida operation during the 2008 presidential campaign. Recent polling underscores why Democrats are talking about the issue. A Politico/Public poll out earlier this year found that being of Jewish faith hurt hypothetical candidates among both Democratic and Republican voters, compared with candidates who were Christian. A separate survey out last week found that Democrats were less likely to support candidates who regularly attended synagogue over those who only went to temple once a year or did not practice a religion. Among Republicans, however, candidates who regularly attended synagogue fared better than those who attended occasionally. Strategists say the numbers are telling — for any of the prospective Jewish candidates. “I think it’s going to be the big debate of ‘Do they just sort of let it lie and talk about it as it comes up or try the big head-on speech about it?’ Democratic strategist Eddie Vale said. Vale pointed to Obama’s speech on race during his 2008 campaign and John F. Kennedy’s address on religion before he became the nation’s first Catholic president to show how candidates can turn perceptions, or even take on prejudices, head-on. “Overcoming people’s perceptions and biases” on Judaism will be something candidates will have to overcome, Vale said. “And it’s an open question where it ends up.” The late Sen. Joe Lieberman (Conn.) became the first Jewish candidate on a major party ticket as Al Gore’s running mate in 2000. And when Lieberman, who was an observant Orthodox Jew, was running for president in 2004, he also found ways of discussing his religion proactively. “He found a way to deploy faith on the campaign trail,” said Basil Smikle, the Democratic strategist who worked for Lieberman during the campaign. “I went to a Black church with [him] and he discussed his faith openly and was well-received. “The issue isn’t religious affiliation. It’s connectivity,” Smikle added. A candidate’s positions on Israel will come under deep scrutiny during the Democratic presidential primary no matter their religion, but it’s possible Jewish candidates will come under even more scrutiny from some voters. Ossoff has described himself a “pro-Israel Jewish American.” He has supported aid for Israel to defend itself but has been critical of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and the Israeli government’s actions in Gaza. As part of that criticism, he has voted to restrict some weapons transfers to Israel, which has angered and alienated some of his Jewish constituents in Georgia. Last month, Michael Morris, the publisher of the Atlanta Jewish Times, wrote an open letter blasting Ossoff for his Senate votes opposing Israel. “I apologize for being blunt but please, stop lying to me and your constituents,” Morris wrote in the letter. “I hear you claim, over and over again, that you support Israel — that your support is ‘ironclad.’ It is not. You vote against Israel on the Senate floor in Washington, then come home to Georgia and make this untruthful claim.” Rep. Mike Collins (R-Ga.), who is running against Ossoff in this year’s Senate race, has pounced on that criticism, calling the senator a “sellout” and accusing his rival of pandering to progressive Democrats while highlighting his own record of support for Israel. While antisemitism and protests toward the Israeli government’s treatment of Gaza have increased, Smikle said, he predicted that voters will be able to look past those tensions. Politicians, he said, “should be expected to celebrate their own faith.” But Schale said that “religiosity in general isn’t great” among Democrats. “I think our base has simply become very urban and secular, many of whom didn’t grow up in a family where faith was part of their lives,” he said. He warned that as population growth shifts congressional seats and Electoral College votes toward the South after the 2030 census, it will require Democrats to “create space” in the coalition for people of faith, no matter their religion. “If we really want to be a party that is open to all, that tent has to include people of faith, regardless of how they practice their faith,” he said.