一位高级国防官员建议，北约军队需要在进入战争前学会像乌克兰那样分散武器生产，以在遭受攻击时保持生产能力。拉脱维亚国防部长拉伊维斯·梅尔尼斯向《商业内幕》表示，作为一个与俄罗斯接壤的北约和欧盟成员国，西方工业可能尚未准备好按战时所需方式运作。乌克兰军工企业将制造分散在多个地点，在地下作业，甚至移动生产线，以防止单次成功的俄罗斯打击对其行动造成巨大影响。但在欧洲，许多公司在大型工厂运营项目，这可能成为单点故障。
NATO militaries need to learn how to disperse weapons production, as Ukraine does, before entering a war to preserve their ability to keep producing while under attack, a senior defense official advised. Raivis Melnis, the defense minister of Latvia, an alliance and EU member state bordering Russia, told Business Insider that industry in the West might not be ready to operate as it would need to in wartime. Ukrainian arms makers split up manufacturing across multiple sites, operate underground, and even move around to prevent a single successful Russian strike from having a huge impact on their operations. But in Europe, many companies run projects from larger factories, which could become a single point of failure.
梅尔尼斯表示：“我们的工业是和平时期的建立”，是在“没有威胁”的条件下建立的。他说，北约公司的运作方式集中得多，“问题是我们是否准备好在不同地点、以分散方式生产系统，以及我们如何组织这一点。”他表示，这正是他鼓励拉脱维亚和乌克兰国防公司建立伙伴关系的原因，以便向乌克兰公司学习其运作方式，包括其系统是如何“为战争目的而建造的”。
"Our industry is a peacetime establishment" that has been built under conditions where "there is no threat," Melnis said. NATO companies work in a far more concentrated way, he said, and "the question is whether we are ready to produce the systems in different locations, dispersed, and how we organize that." He said this is why he encourages partnerships between Latvian and Ukrainian defense companies, so they can learn from how the Ukrainian companies operate, including how their systems are "built for war purposes."
乌克兰还展示了一个国家“如何在工业基地被摧毁时提供保障”。基辅为部分在俄军袭击中受损或被毁的商业财产提供赔偿，并计划提供额外支持。乌克兰官员和企业领导人一直在推动西方公司采取更分散的生产方式，以应对更广泛冲突的可能性。乌克兰国家安全与国防委员会副秘书达维德·阿洛扬告诉《商业内幕》，俄罗斯对欧洲的威胁如此巨大，北约各国公司“绝对”应该开始进一步拆分生产。
Ukraine has also demonstrated how a country "can provide that reassurance if, for instance, an industry site is destroyed." Kyiv offers compensation for some business properties damaged or destroyed in Russian attacks and is planning additional support. Ukrainian officials and company leaders have been pushing for Western companies to adopt a more disaggregated approach to prepare for the possibility of a wider conflict. Davyd Aloian, the deputy secretary of Ukraine's National Security and Defense Council, told Business Insider that the Russian threat to Europe is so substantial that companies across NATO should "definitely" start breaking up their production more.
乌克兰军工企业Frontline Robotics首席商务发展官Mykyta Rozhkov告诉《商业内幕》，一些盟国防务公司已寻求Frontline关于分散制造业务的建议。他表示，该公司已调整策略以“承受任何单一基地的损失”。任何损失仍然“痛苦”，但公司能够生存。他补充道，运营设计旨在让搬迁“尽可能容易”。
Mykyta Rozhkov, the chief business development officer at Ukrainian arms maker Frontline Robotics, told Business Insider that some alliance defense firms have sought Frontline's advice on dispersing manufacturing operations. The company, he said, has adapted to "endure the loss of any site." Any loss is still "painful," but the company survives. Operations are designed so it's "as easy as possible to move," he added.
乌克兰无人机制造商TechEx的一位公司高管Oleg告诉《商业内幕》：“我们每天都面临着来自俄罗斯的另一层级威胁，它们试图袭击工厂。”他表示，公司不得不寻找“创造性方法，每隔几个月更换一次地点，以提高员工的安全级别，因为当然，你想照顾好员工，让他们安全。”他说，公司警告其国际合作伙伴，他们的惯例“略显过时”。出于安全考虑，他要求仅使用名字。
Oleg, a company executive at Ukrainian drone maker TechEx, told Business Insider that "every day we are facing another level of threat from Russia trying to hit the factories." The company, he said, has to find "creative ways to switch the locations every couple of months to raise the level of security for our people, because, of course, you want to take care of the people and keep them safe." He said the company warns its international partners that their conventions are "slightly outdated." He requested that only his first name be used for security purposes.
乌克兰-爱沙尼亚防务科技公司Ark Robotics的首席执行官告诉《商业内幕》，该公司在不同地点生产不同组件，他表示这“必要”即使并不理想。单一基地是“最佳方式”，但他解释说，公司必须“精明应对，避免形成足以引起过多关注或泄露我们行动地点的大目标”。他说，这应成为“未来国防制造业的默认模式”，即使在乌克兰之外也是如此。
The CEO of Ukrainian-Estonian defense tech company Ark Robotics told Business Insider that his company makes different components at different sites, something he said is "necessary" even if it's not ideal. A single site is "the best way to do it," but, he explained, the company has to be "smart about it and not create a big enough target for it to attract too much attention or to disclose where our operations are happening." He said this should be the "default for defense-based manufacturing going forward," even outside Ukraine.
一些公司已开始采纳。生产乌克兰使用无人机的爱沙尼亚公司Krattworks赞同这些评估。该公司销售主管Karmo Saar告诉《商业内幕》，对乌克兰公司而言，“在一个大型设施中运营会经济得多、便宜得多、效果也好得多，但他们无法做到。”“在欧洲，我们是这样做的，”Saar说。"一旦战争爆发，我认为我们会受到惩罚。"
Some companies are already taking heed. Estonian company Krattworks, which makes drones used by Ukraine, agreed with these assessments. Karmo Saar, the company's head of sales, told Business Insider that for Ukrainian companies, it "would be a lot more economical, cheaper, and better to run this operation in one big facility, but they cannot do that." "In Europe, we do that," Saar said. "And when the war strikes, I think we're going to be punished."
已与乌克兰签约开展业务的克罗地亚无人机技术公司 ORQA 首席执行官 Srđan Kovačević 对《商业内幕》表示，"分发更具韧性" 是他们的"核心理念"。"与集中式系统、中心化系统相比，分布式系统对任何干扰的抵御能力都强得多，"他说，并指出这种思维似乎正在整个欧洲发生转变。"这种分布式特性实际上增强了韧性，尽管它在经济上也有弊端，"他补充道。
Srđan Kovačević, the CEO of Croatian drone technology company ORQA, which has signed up to begin working in Ukraine, told Business Insider that it is "our deep philosophy that distribution is more resilient" in Ukraine. "Distributed systems are much more resilient to any disruption than concentrated systems, centralized systems," he said, noting that the thinking appears to be shifting across Europe. "This distributed nature actually reinforces resilience, even though there are economic downsides to it," he added.
拉脱维亚是最担心俄罗斯发动袭击或入侵的北约国家之一，一直是联盟内增加国防开支的积极倡导者，协助武装乌克兰，并从乌克兰的战斗中汲取教训。这些经验教训正被应用到新的自动化反无人机防御墙建设和采购经乌克兰实战检验的装备中。梅尔尼斯希望拉脱维亚企业直接从乌克兰的战场经验中学习，并宣布了一系列协议，以深化两国防务工业的合作。
Latvia is one of the NATO countries most worried about a Russian attack or invasion and has been a vocal supporter of increased defense spending within the alliance, helping to arm Ukraine, and taking lessons from Ukraine's fight. These lessons are being fed into a new automated anti-drone defense wall and the acquisition of Ukraine-tested gear. Melnis wants Latvian firms to learn directly from Ukraine's battlefield experience and has announced a series of deals to deepen cooperation between the two countries' defense industries.
他对《商业内幕》表示，希望拉脱维亚公司向乌克兰"经过验证、经实战检验"的系统学习，并将其与拉脱维亚的"和平时期体制"相结合，"我们的科学家工程师可以在那里工作、开发，并将两者融合在一起。"他说，乌克兰的战时经验和理解，"不是你坐在普通办公室里就能建立、模拟和创造出来的。"乌克兰公司与前线部队的合作比西方公司紧密得多。"
He told Business Insider that he wants Latvia's companies to learn from Ukraine's "proven, combat-tested" systems and combine that with Latvia's "peacetime establishment, where our scientist engineers can work and can develop and bring those two together." Ukraine's wartime experience and understanding, he said, is something for which "you can't just sit in a normal office and build and simulate and create." Ukrainian companies, he said, work much more closely with front-line units than Western firms do.
乌克兰的军工产业与武装力量建立了真正紧密的合作，"他说。"我们没有这种经验。"梅尔尼斯说："这也是我想引入的经验，我想'采纳那些最佳实践'。"他说，威慑俄罗斯需要强大的能力，也需要持续支持乌克兰。
Ukraine's "military industry has established really close cooperation with the armed forces," he said. "We don't have such experience." "This is something I want to bring as well, that experience in," Melnis said, saying he wants to "take those best practices." Deterring Russia, he said, requires strong capabilities and also continued support for Ukraine.
他表示：“俄罗斯意在‘摧毁对乌克兰的支持’。因此，支持乌克兰、并将继续支持乌克兰走向胜利，对我们至关重要。”
Russia wants "to destroy that support for Ukraine," he said. "Therefore, it is important for us to support, and we will be supporting Ukraine to build the victory."