罗伯·巴赫布瓦主教正在躲藏，担心因在南非为外国人权利发声而遭到袭击。
Bishop Raphael Bahebwa is in hiding, afraid he could be attacked for speaking out for the rights of foreigners in South Africa.
“我现在正在躲藏，因为他们说要杀了我，因为我谈论外国人的权利，”他告诉半岛电视台。
“I am in hiding now because they say they are going to kill me for speaking about the rights of foreigners,” he told Al Jazeera.
巴赫布瓦在南非生活了26年，此前他作为来自刚果民主共和国（DRC）的难民抵达。
Bahebwa has lived in South Africa for 26 years, after arriving as a refugee from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).
在这段时间里，他目睹排外情绪在他视为家园的国家里反复爆发。但他说今年的感觉不同。
In that time, he has watched antiforeigner sentiment flare repeatedly in the country he came to call home. But he says this year feels different.
由“March and March”宣布的9月30日最后期限——这个今年在南非各地发起抗议的反移民运动——重新点燃了移民社区对暴力的恐惧。
A September 30 deadline declared by March and March, an anti-immigration movement that has led protests across South Africa this year, has renewed fears of violence among migrant communities.
该组织呼吁无证外国国民离开南非，并警告如果要求不获满足将发起进一步示威。
The group has called for undocumented foreign nationals to leave South Africa and has warned of further demonstrations if its demands are not met.
然而，对德班的巴赫布瓦和其他难民来说，有证和无证移民的区别几乎无法带来安慰。他们说，他们在街头遭遇的敌意很少从要求查看证件开始。
For Bahebwa and other refugees in Durban, however, the distinction between documented and undocumented migrants offers little comfort. They say the hostility they experience on the streets rarely begins with a request to see their papers.
担心暴力重演 南非将于11月4日举行地方政府选举，在这场竞选中，移民已成为一个日益突出的政治和社会议题。
Fears of renewed violence South Africa will hold local government elections on November 4, in a campaign in which migration has become an increasingly prominent political and social issue.
几个月来，巴赫布瓦是数百名在切格瓦拉路德班难民接待中心外人行道上露宿的难民和寻求庇护者之一。
For months, Bahebwa was among hundreds of refugees and asylum seekers who slept on the pavement outside the Durban Refugee Reception Centre on Che Guevara Road.
许多人来自刚果民主共和国和布隆迪，其他人来自乌干达、莫桑比克和坦桑尼亚。他们说他们逃离社区是因为担心排外袭击。他们来到内政部（DHA）办公室外寻求安全。然而，人行道成了他们的家。
Many were from the DRC and Burundi, with others from Uganda, Mozambique and Tanzania. They said they had fled their communities because they feared antiforeigner attacks. They arrived outside the Department of Home Affairs (DHA) office seeking safety. Instead, the pavement became their home.
大约四个月里，男女老少在户外露宿，暴露在风雨中，依靠民间社会组织和志愿者提供食物和其他必需品。
For roughly four months, men, women and children slept outside, exposed to the elements and dependent on civil society organisations and volunteers for food and other necessities.
“这非常艰难，”巴赫布瓦说。“我以前从未经历过这样的事情。”一些移民告诉半岛电视台，情况变得绝望。他们描述说，食物和药品供应不稳定，并称一名患有肺结核的男子在营地生活期间死亡。半岛电视台尚未独立核实其死因。该营地距离居民们称其逃离的敌对环境并不远。
“It has been very tough,” Bahebwa said. “Never before have I experienced something like this.” Some of the migrants told Al Jazeera that conditions became desperate. They described irregular access to food and medication and said one man who had tuberculosis died while living at the camp. Al Jazeera has not independently established the circumstances of his death.
9月3日，“三月与三月”组织成员与居住在中心外的难民和寻求庇护者发生冲突。暴力事件爆发，警方介入。据报道至少有四人受伤。
The camp was also not far removed from the hostility its residents said they had fled. On September 3, members of March and March confronted refugees and asylum seekers living outside the centre. Violence broke out, and police intervened. At least four people were reported injured.
几天后的另一场抗议活动中，警察站在两群人之间，形成一道屏障，随着紧张局势升级。
At another protest days later, police officers stood between the two groups, forming a barrier as tensions rose.
“三月与三月”将其动员描述为一场针对无证移民、犯罪以及南非社区状况恶化的运动。该组织称政府在移民执法方面的回应不力。
March and March has described its mobilisation as a campaign against undocumented immigration, crime and deteriorating conditions in South African communities.
其领导人多次否认其运动带有排外性质的指控，并坚称他们的目标是无证移民，而非外国公民普遍。巴赫布瓦表示，有证件和无证件的移民都陷入了这场敌对情绪中。
The group says the government’s response to immigration enforcement has been insufficient. Its leaders have repeatedly rejected accusations that their campaign is xenophobic and insist their target is undocumented migration rather than foreign nationals generally.
据公共利益新闻机构GroundUp报道，今年早些时候，六名在德班沃里克街市场周边美发沙龙工作的难民被持棍男子殴打。其中两人住院治疗。巴赫布瓦说，移民在早前的袭击后也难以获得当局帮助。
Bahebwa said documented and undocumented migrants alike have been caught in the hostility. Earlier this year, six refugees working in salons around Durban’s Warwick Street Market were beaten by men carrying sticks, according to public-interest news outlet GroundUp. Two were hospitalised.
“警察说我们不能立案，因为我们是外国人。我们无处可去，”他指控称。警方未公开回应这一具体指控。无处可归 9月中旬，政府采取行动清理难民中心外的临时营地。
Bahebwa said the migrants had also struggled to obtain help from the authorities after earlier attacks. “Police said we can’t open cases because we are foreigners. We had nowhere to go,” he alleged. Police have not publicly responded to that specific allegation.
难民们面临一个选择：返回他们逃离的社区，或者接受位于豪登省林德拉设施的临时安置，该设施距离德班数百公里。林德拉是一个政府运营的移民拘留设施，用于关押面临遣返的人员。这个选择让他们产生了分歧。
Nowhere obvious to return to In mid-September, the government moved to clear the makeshift camp outside the refugee centre. The refugees were given a choice: return to the communities they had fled or accept temporary accommodation at the Lindela facility in Gauteng, hundreds of kilometres from Durban. Lindela is a government-run immigration detention facility used to hold people facing deportation.
马拉维移民在南非德班谢尔伍德的一个非正式难民营排队领取物资，他们因担心仇外袭击而逃离家园 [资料图片：EPA] 有人担心去林德拉，该设施历史上与移民拘留和遣返有关。其他人则觉得无法再忍受露宿街头的生活。
The choice divided them. Malawi migrants to South Africa line up for supplies at an informal refugee camp in Sherwood, Durban, South Africa, after fleeing their homes amid fears of xenophobic attacks [File: EPA] Some feared going to Lindela, a facility historically associated with immigration detention and repatriation. Others felt they could no longer endure life on the pavement.
9月15日，274人乘坐大巴从德班被送往林德拉。另有约150人选择留在德班，开始尝试寻找替代住所。
Malawi migrants to South Africa line up for supplies at an informal refugee camp in Sherwood, Durban, South Africa, after fleeing their homes amid fears of xenophobic attacks [File: EPA] Some feared going to Lindela, a facility historically associated with immigration detention and repatriation. Others felt they could no longer endure life on the pavement.
对于留下来的人来说，离开路边并没有解决最初将他们带到那里的问题。
On September 15, 274 people were transported by bus from Durban to Lindela. About 150 others chose to remain in Durban and began trying to find alternative accommodation.
来自刚果民主共和国的小企业主、难民社区代表卡富蒂·穆云巴表示，许多人害怕返回他们曾建立生意和生活的社区。
For those who stayed behind, leaving the pavement did not resolve the problem that had brought them there in the first place.
“人们很害怕，”他说。“甚至警察也允许三月和三月的暴力行为。他们拿着棍子过来，说我们在攻击他们，”穆云巴告诉半岛电视台。
Kafuti Muyumba, a small business owner from the DRC and a representative of the refugee community, said many were afraid to return to neighbourhoods where they had built businesses and lives.
他说，在动荡的几个月里，许多难民失去了生计，现在迫切需要寻找住所。
People are afraid, he said. “Even the police allow March and March violence. They came with sticks and say we are attacking them,” Muyumba told Al Jazeera.
“这不是我们第一次经历仇外心理，”他说。“2008年和2015年我们也经历过这种情况。”2008年，仇外暴力蔓延至贫民窟和非正规定居点，造成数十人死亡、数千人流离失所。随后几年，针对外国人的暴力事件又接连爆发。对穆云巴来说，这些记忆使得围绕9月30日的言论难以被忽视。
He said many refugees had lost their livelihoods during the months of upheaval and were now desperate to find accommodation. “This is not the first time we are experiencing xenophobia,” he said. “In 2008 and then in 2015 we also experienced this.” In 2008, xenophobic violence spread through townships and informal settlements, killing dozens and displacing thousands. Further outbreaks of violence against foreign nationals followed in subsequent years.
“我们不信任警察。他们对我们不公平。他们中有些人也说我们必须走，”他说。
For Muyumba, those memories make the rhetoric surrounding September 30 difficult to dismiss.
警方表示，由于9月30日的最后期限，他们没有改变常规执法方式的计划，并预期任何抗议者都将遵守法律。
“We don’t trust the police. They are not being fair with us. Some of them are also saying we must go,” he said. Police have said there are no plans to change their normal policing approach because of the September 30 deadline and that any protesters will be expected to remain within the law.
“三月与三月”组织表示，他们唯一的诉求就是让无证移民离开该国并返回家园。
Police have said there are no plans to change their normal policing approach because of the September 30 deadline and that any protesters will be expected to remain within the law.
但穆云巴表示，对于许多刚果难民来说，返回刚果民主共和国并非一个可行的选择。他说：“那里仍在交战。”
March and March said all it wants is for undocumented immigrants to leave the country and return home. But Muyumba said returning to the DRC is not a viable alternative for many Congolese refugees.
收紧边境的国家 针对持续的抗议活动，南非政府表示已加强移民执法力度。
“There is still war there,” he said. A country tightening its borders In response to ongoing protests, the South African government said it had intensified its immigration enforcement.
根据政府跨部长移民委员会的数据，在6月14日至8月20日期间，当局处理了86,596名外国国民进行遣返和送返。马拉维人构成了最大群体，其次是津巴布韦人和莫桑比克人。
Between June 14 and August 20, authorities processed 86,596 foreign nationals for deportation and repatriation, according to the government’s Inter-Ministerial Committee on Migration.
政府数据显示，被送返者中90%非法入境南非，而95%被归类为在非官方口岸越境。
Malawians made up the largest group, followed by Zimbabweans and Mozambicans.
政府表示，这些行动是加强边境管理和执行移民法的更广泛努力的一部分。
Government data says 90 percent of those repatriated had entered South Africa illegally, while 95 percent were classified as having crossed the border outside official ports of entry.
与此同时，官员们反复警告私人团体，不要将移民执法掌握在自己手中。
The government says the operations form part of a broader effort to strengthen border management and enforce immigration law.
“三月与三月”组织设定的9月30日最后期限没有法律效力。政府表示，普通公民无权驱逐任何人出境。
At the same time, officials have repeatedly warned private groups against taking immigration enforcement into their own hands.
抗议者在南非德班举行反移民游行，手持标语牌，呼吁收紧边境管控并驱逐无证移民 [资料图：Thuli Dlamini/路透] 但最后期限不需要法律效力就能制造恐惧，正如早前6月30日的最后期限所发生的那样。对于那些在德班移民局办公室外露宿数月的难民来说，9月30日只是在诸多不确定性之上又增加了一层不确定性。有些人已被转移数百公里之外。
March and March’s September 30 deadline has no legal authority. The government says common citizens cannot deport anyone from South Africa. Protesters hold placards during an anti-immigration march in Durban, South Africa, calling for tighter border controls and the deportation of undocumented migrants [File: Thuli Dlamini/Reuters] But deadlines do not need legal force to create fear, as was the case for an earlier deadline of June 30. For the refugees who spent months sleeping outside the DHA office in Durban, September 30 is another uncertainty layered on top of many others.
其他人正试图在他们曾经逃离的社区里寻找新家。但在半岛电视台采访的移民中，大家普遍担心，当愤怒首先指向“外国人”身份时，文件手续可能只能提供有限的保护。
Some have been moved hundreds of kilometres away. Others are trying to find new homes in the same communities they once fled. But among the migrants Al Jazeera spoke to, there is a shared anxiety that paperwork may offer limited protection when anger is directed first at being foreign.
巴赫布瓦在南非生活了超过四分之一世纪。目前，他说自己正在躲藏，不知道9月30日会发生什么。
Bahebwa has spent more than a quarter of a century in South Africa. For now, he says he is hiding and does not know what September 30 will bring.
“他们把我们外国人当替罪羊，”他说。“这不会在9月30日结束。这跟选举有关。”
“They are scapegoating us as foreigners,” he said. “It is not going to end on September 30. It has to do with the elections.”