首尔：两名在为俄罗斯对抗乌克兰作战时被俘的朝鲜士兵现已抵达韩国，这引发了关于他们将如何被调查、保护和安置，以及移交法律依据的疑问。以下是可能发生的情况：士兵们将经历什么程序？
SEOUL: Two North Korean soldiers captured while fighting for Russia against Ukraine are now in South Korea raising questions over how they will be investigated, protected and resettled, and the legal basis for their transfer. Here is what could happen next: WHAT PROCESS WILL THE SOLDIERS UNDERGO?
预计士兵们将在韩国当局决定是否给予保护并启动安置程序前，接受询问和安全审查。
The soldiers are expected to undergo questioning and security screening before the South Korean authorities decide whether to grant them protection and begin the resettlement process.
韩国统一部周一（9月28日）表示，将根据相关法律和过往惯例审查他们的案件，暗示将适用《朝鲜脱北居民保护及定居支援法》。
Seoul's Unification Ministry said on Monday (Sep 28) that their cases would be reviewed under relevant laws and past practices, suggesting that the North Korean Defectors Protection and Settlement Support Act would apply.
根据该法律，国家情报院（NIS）会对处于临时保护状态的申请人进行调查，核实其身份、离开朝鲜的原因及安全相关事项。调查和临时保护最长可达90天，在不可避免的情况下可延长。
Under the law, the National Intelligence Service (NIS) investigates applicants in temporary protective custody, verifying their identities, reasons for leaving North Korea and security-related matters. The investigation and temporary protection may last up to 90 days, with a possible extension in unavoidable circumstances.
士兵们的军事背景和对朝鲜向俄罗斯派兵的第一手了解，可能导致更深入的询问。获批保护者通常在融入韩国社会前接受安置培训。
The soldiers’ military backgrounds and firsthand knowledge of North Korea’s deployment to Russia could result in more extensive debriefing. Those granted protection usually receive resettlement training before entering South Korean society.
2025年2月在乌克兰会见过这些士兵的在野党议员柳永元表示，他们曾在朝鲜特种部队服役，可提供关于平壤训练、军事能力和参战情况的信息。
Yu Yong-weon, an opposition lawmaker who met the soldiers in Ukraine in February 2025, said they had served in North Korean special forces and could provide information on Pyongyang's training, military capabilities and participation in the war.
2026年4月26日，朝鲜领导人金正恩在平壤举行的海外军事行动战功纪念馆开馆仪式上，迎接俄罗斯国家杜马主席沃洛金，以纪念在对乌克兰战争中为俄罗斯作战阵亡的朝鲜军人。谁决定他们是否获得保护？
North Korean leader Kim Jong Un greets Russia's State Duma Chairman Vyacheslav Volodin during the opening ceremony of the Memorial Museum of Combat Feats at the Overseas Military Operations, honouring North Korean troops killed while fighting for Russia in the war against Ukraine, in Pyongyang, North Korea on Apr 26, 2026. WHO DECIDES WHETHER THEY RECEIVE PROTECTION?
统一部长通常决定朝鲜来人是否符合受保护资格，但国家情报院院长可基于国家安全理由作出决定。
The unification minister normally determines whether a North Korean arrival qualifies for protection, although the NIS director can make the decision on national security grounds.
俞某告诉路透社，该案件的敏感性也可能导致他们比其他朝鲜来人更长时间不公开露面。他们的身心状况也很可能会接受评估。
Yu told Reuters the sensitivity of the case could also keep them out of public view longer than other North Korean arrivals. Their physical and psychological condition is also likely to be assessed.
俞某表示，会见他们时，他们被分别关押在乌克兰一处拘留设施中，长期的隔离和不确定性可能已影响他们的心理健康。乌克兰有权移交他们吗？
Yu said when he met them they were being held separately at a Ukrainian detention facility and the prolonged isolation and uncertainty may have affected their mental health. DID UKRAINE HAVE THE RIGHT TO TRANSFER THEM?
《日内瓦第三公约》要求在敌对行动结束后不得延迟释放和遣返战俘。这并不一定禁止更早释放或移交给第三国。
The Third Geneva Convention requires prisoners of war to be released and repatriated without delay after active hostilities end. That does not necessarily prohibit earlier release or transfer to a third country.
韩国和乌克兰未披露移交的法律依据，包括是否正式终止了士兵的战俘身份。
South Korea and Ukraine have not disclosed the legal basis for their transfer, including whether it formally ends the soldiers’ POW status.
世宗研究所研究员彼得·沃德表示，遣返是管辖战俘的基本原则，但不应适用于可能损害其福利或人权的情况。
Peter Ward, a research fellow at the Sejong Institute, said repatriation was a basic principle governing prisoners of war (POWs) but should not apply where it could damage their welfare or human rights.
沃德说：“只要他们自愿选择的第三国愿意接收，根据人道法和人权法，有充分依据将这些战俘移交给他们自愿选择的第三国。”
"There is ample basis under humanitarian and human rights law for these POWs to be transferred to a third country of their choice so long as that third country of their choice is prepared to take them," Ward said.
韩国大学教授、前朝鲜人权国际合作大使李信华表示，该移交仍可能产生法律和外交摩擦，因为国际法将朝鲜视为一个独立国家，而韩国视朝鲜人为本国公民。
Lee Shin-wha, a Korea University professor and former envoy for North Korean human rights, said the transfer could still generate legal and diplomatic friction because international law treats North Korea as a separate state, while South Korea considers North Koreans as its citizens.
她表示，他们明确表达的来韩意愿以及在朝可能面临的风险，构成了接纳他们的理由。他们本可以被送回朝鲜吗？
Their stated wish to come to the South and the risks they could face in the North provide grounds for accepting them, she said. COULD THEY HAVE BEEN RETURNED TO NORTH KOREA?
如果他们面临酷刑、迫害或其他严重虐待的真实风险，国际人权法将反对将士兵送回朝鲜。不推回原则禁止将人员送往其面临此类风险的国家。
International human rights law would weigh against returning the soldiers if they faced a real risk of torture, persecution or other serious mistreatment. The principle of non-refoulement prohibits sending people to a country where they face such risks.
李某表示，遣返是战俘的一般规则，但国际惯例也承认自愿遣返，并禁止可能导致迫害或酷刑的遣返。
Lee said repatriation was the general rule for POWs, but international practice also recognised voluntary repatriation and barred returns that could lead to persecution or torture.
朝鲜领导人金正恩赞扬了在俄罗斯库尔斯克地区与乌克兰部队作战时自杀的士兵，这两名朝鲜士兵正是在那里被俘的。
North Korean leader Kim Jong Un has praised soldiers who committed suicide while fighting against Ukrainian forces in Russia's Kursk region, where the pair were captured.
这两名男子多次表达了想去韩国的意愿，包括在媒体采访中以及与柳某会面期间。沃德表示，朝鲜依据国际法要求遣返他们几乎没有依据。韩国如何回应乌克兰战争？
The two men repeatedly expressed a desire to go to South Korea, including in media interviews and during a meeting with Yu. Ward said North Korea had little basis under international law to demand their return. HOW HAS SOUTH KOREA RESPONDED TO THE UKRAINE WAR?
作为主要军火生产国，韩国面临一些西方国家和基辅的压力，要求向乌克兰提供致命性武器，但迄今为止主要集中在提供非致命援助，包括排雷设备。
South Korea, which is a major arms producer, has faced pressure from some Western countries and Kyiv to provide Ukraine with lethal weapons but has so far focused on non-lethal aid, including demining equipment.
李在明总统在7月的北约峰会上宣布向乌克兰提供1亿美元援助包，同时其政府重申不包括致命性武器。首尔还承诺继续提供人道主义援助和重建支持。
President Lee Jae Myung announced a US$100 million support package for Ukraine at a NATO summit in July, while his government reiterated that lethal weapons were excluded. Seoul also pledged continued humanitarian assistance and support for reconstruction.
在7月的峰会上，李在明和乌克兰总统泽连斯基同意，朝鲜战俘问题应根据士兵的自由意志、国际法和人道主义原则处理。为什么韩国要求保密？
At their July summit, Lee and Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelenskyy agreed that the North Korean POW issue should be handled in accordance with the soldiers’ free will, international law and humanitarian principles. WHY DID SOUTH KOREA WANT SECRECY?
泽连斯基上周在联合国大会上披露了移交事宜后，韩国要求乌克兰道歉，称基辅违反了保密协议。首尔表示，保密对于保护士兵及其在朝鲜的亲属是必要的。基辅则表示不存在保密协议。
South Korea demanded an apology from Ukraine after Zelenskyy disclosed the transfer at the UN General Assembly last week, saying Kyiv had breached an agreement to keep it confidential. Seoul said confidentiality was necessary to protect the soldiers and relatives in North Korea. Kyiv has said no secrecy agreement existed.