根据本月发布的高等经济学院报告，本世纪以来俄罗斯的学校数量减少了45%，农村社区损失最为惨重。报告称，俄罗斯的中学网络已从2000年的68,800所缩减至2026年的38,000所以下。同期，学龄人口减少了约13.5%，从2050万降至1770万儿童。
The number of schools in Russia has fallen by 45% since the start of the century, with rural communities losing the most, according to a report by the Higher School of Economics published this month. Russia's secondary school network has shrunk from 68,800 institutions in 2000 to just under 38,000 in 2026, the report says. The school-age population has fallen by around 13.5% over the same period, from 20.5 million to 17.7 million children.
尽管俄罗斯人口规模约为德国的一半，但其学校数量现在却少于德国。2026年德国拥有超过40,000所学校。
Russia now has fewer schools than Germany, even though its population is roughly half the size. Germany has more than 40,000 schools in 2026.
关闭潮在农村地区最为严重，公立学校数量从45,000多所骤降至约21,000所，减少了一半以上。
Closures have been most severe in rural areas, where the number of state schools has fallen from more than 45,000 to around 21,000, a reduction of more than half.
城市学校也有所减少，从2000年的22,700所降至如今的16,300所。同期，每所学校服务的学生人数大幅增长：从15年前的每校约300名学生增至如今的约470名。
Urban schools have also declined, from 22,700 in 2000 to 16,300 today. The number of pupils each school serves has grown substantially over the same period: from around 300 pupils per school 15 years ago to around 470 today.
私立学校数量有所增加，从2000年的635所增至2026年的982所，但仅占总供给量的2.5%。规模越大就越好吗？关闭潮源于2001年启动且至今仍在持续的优化计划。
Private schools have increased in number, from 635 in 2000 to 982 in 2026, but account for only 2.5% of total provision. Is bigger always better? The closures stem from an optimisation programme launched in 2001 that remains ongoing.A shift to per-pupil funding made smaller schools financially unviable: the fewer children a school enrolled, the less state money it received.
转向生均拨款制使得小规模学校在财务上难以维持：招收学生越少，获得的国家拨款就越少。学校被合并至邻近机构或直接关闭。
Schools were merged with neighbouring institutions or closed outright.
到2010年，俄罗斯26%的学校已关闭。2010年代又有约10,000所关闭，2020年代初以来再关闭2,300所。教师和家长曾对合并举行抗议。
By 2010, 26% of Russia's schools had shut. Around 10,000 more closed in the 2010s, and a further 2,300 since the early 2020s. Teachers and parents protested the mergers.
他们辩称，大型合并后的机构更难管理，具有独特特色的社区学校正在消失，而拥挤的班级会降低教育质量。根据2026年发表在俄罗斯杂志《Nozh》上的一项研究，社会学家还将学校关闭与村庄人口减少联系起来。
They argued that large consolidated institutions were harder to manage, that neighbourhood schools with distinct characters were being lost, and that overcrowded classes would reduce educational quality. Sociologists have also linked school closures to village depopulation, according to a 2026 study published in the Russian magazine Nozh.
研究发现，当一所村庄学校关闭时，家庭通常会分裂——一位父母带着孩子搬到有学校的城镇，而另一位留下来工作——这种分离往往变成永久性的。研究指出：“通过节省一个教室和一位教师的成本，你可能会摧毁一个整个繁荣的当地经济。”
The study found that when a village school closes, families typically split — one parent relocates to a town with the children while the other stays to work — and the separation becomes permanent." By saving on the costs of a single classroom and teacher, you can wipe out a whole thriving local economy," the study said.
基洛夫州列比亚日斯基区的阿塔雷村就是一个例子：当地学校被宣布无利可图后，年轻人离开了，该定居点现在基本上已被废弃。
The village of Atary in Kirov region's Lebyazhsky district is one example: after the local school was declared unprofitable, young people left, and the settlement is now largely abandoned.
共产党议员德米特里·诺维科夫呼吁，应将农村学校作为战略性社会基础设施予以资助，而非按生均拨款。他提议暂停关闭村庄高中班级，并在关闭不可避免的情况下，保证提供全年往返邻近地区学校的交通。“忠诚的国家意识形态”自2022年9月起，所有俄罗斯学校都必须开设一门名为“关于重要事物的对话”的每周必修课，教案直接由教育部提供。
Communist Party MP Dmitry Novikov has called for rural schools to be funded as strategic social infrastructure rather than on a per-pupil basis. He has proposed a moratorium on closing upper secondary classes in villages and, where closures go ahead, guaranteed year-round transport to schools in neighbouring areas.' Loyal state ideology'Since September 2022, all Russian schools have held a mandatory weekly class called "Conversations about What Matters," with lesson plans supplied directly by the Ministry of Education.
主题包括俄罗斯传统价值观、俄罗斯的全球角色以及莫斯科在乌克兰的战争——在官方教材中被称为“特别军事行动”，这是克里姆林宫唯一合法允许的、淡化其全面入侵性质的术语——以及“服务祖国”和“自我牺牲”等主题。
2023年为高年级学生引入了新的统一历史教科书，2024-2025学年起初中年级也开始使用。
Topics include Russian traditional values, Russia's global role and Moscow's war in Ukraine — referred to in official lesson materials as a "special military operation," the Kremlin's only legally allowed term minimising its all-out invasion — along with themes such as "service to the Motherland" and "self-sacrifice".New unified history textbooks were introduced for senior pupils in 2023 and for middle-school years from 2024-2025.
2023年的统一历史教科书将乌克兰描述为“激进的反俄桥头堡”，将莫斯科2014年对乌克兰克里米亚的入侵、占领和吞并描述为纠正历史错误。
……被描述为“历史不公”，而西方制裁则被描绘为试图摧毁俄罗斯经济的企图。
The 2023 unified history textbook describes Ukraine as an "aggressive anti-Russian bridgehead," presents Moscow's 2014 invasion, occupation and annexation of Ukraine's Crimea as the rectification of a "historical injustice," while Western sanctions are portrayed as an attempt to destroy Russia's economy.
国际特赦组织东欧和中亚研究员安娜·赖特表示，这些教科书“隐瞒真相，歪曲事实，掩盖俄军对乌克兰人犯下的严重侵犯人权行为和国际法罪行。”
Anna Wright, Amnesty International's researcher for Eastern Europe and Central Asia, said that the books "hide the truth and distort the facts about serious human rights violations and crimes under international law committed by Russian troops against Ukrainians."
赖特将对儿童的灌输描述为“一种愤世嫉俗的企图，旨在抹除乌克兰文化、乌克兰文化遗产和身份认同。”教科书指导学生不要轻信网上找到的信息。
Wright described the indoctrination of children as "a cynical attempt to eradicate Ukrainian culture, Ukrainian cultural heritage and identity." The textbooks instruct pupils not to trust information found online.
这些书籍在今年夏天进行了修订：其中关于战争的部分内容得到了扩充，同时新增了一章专门介绍特朗普与普京在阿拉斯加的会面。这些书籍的编辑工作主要由弗拉基米尔·梅丁斯基负责。梅丁斯基曾是普京的助手、俄罗斯文化部长，也曾担任俄罗斯与乌克兰停火谈判代表团的团长。在直接进入克里姆林宫担任总统助手后，他被任命为“历史教育跨部门委员会”的主席；该委员会成立于2021年，旨在遏制俄罗斯所称的“历史篡改”行为。
They were updated this summer: chapters on the war were expanded, and a section on the Trump-Putin Alaska meeting was added. The books were edited in part by Vladimir Medinsky, an aide to Putin, former culture minister and head of Russia's delegation in ceasefire talks with Ukraine. After he moved directly to the Kremlin as a presidential aide, he was appointed chairman of the Interdepartmental Commission on Historical Education, established in 2021 to counter what Russia terms historical "falsification”.Mendinsky's approach has been described as pseudo-historical rhetoric deployed to construct "loyal state ideology".
梅丁斯基的言论方式被描述为一种伪历史主义的宣传手段，其目的在于构建所谓的“忠诚的国家意识形态”。目前，他正受到欧盟、美国和加拿大的制裁。
He is under sanctions from the EU, the US and Canada.