作者是来自巴勒斯坦拉马拉的政治与法律研究员，专攻国际公法、人权及国家责任。
The writer is a political and legal researcher from Ramallah, Palestine, specializing in public international law, human rights, and state responsibility.
以色列意识形态思想包含这样一种国家观念：基于《圣经》信仰，其疆域将从尼罗河延伸至幼发拉底河。现任右翼政府更明确地阐述了这一愿景。财政部长贝扎莱尔·斯莫特里奇表示：“我非常清楚地告诉你们，我们想要一个犹太国家，其版图包括约旦、沙特阿拉伯、伊拉克、叙利亚和黎巴嫩，延伸至埃及的尼罗河。”他进一步表示：“我想要一个基于犹太民族价值观的犹太国家。根据我们伟大的宗教贤者的教诲，耶路撒冷注定将逐渐延伸至大马士革。”
Israeli ideological thought includes the notion of a state whose boundaries, based on biblical beliefs, would extend from the Nile to the Euphrates. The current right-wing government has articulated this vision more explicitly. Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich stated: “I tell you quite clearly that we want a Jewish state that includes Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Syria, and Lebanon, extending as far as the Nile in Egypt.”He further stated: “I want a Jewish state based on the values of the Jewish people. Gradually, according to our great religious sages, Jerusalem is destined to extend as far as Damascus.” [1] These statements reflect expansionist aspirations beyond Palestine towards Syria and Lebanon.
[1] 这些言论反映了超越巴勒斯坦、指向叙利亚和黎巴嫩的扩张野心。以色列曾试图在赫尔蒙山和库奈特拉乡村建立定居点前哨[2]，而黎巴嫩南部则面临反复的袭击和地面入侵。然而，通往所谓国家的第一步是在巴勒斯坦通过1948年的“大灾难”（Nakba）和1967年的“挫败”（Naksa）迈出的，以色列的限制措施持续至今。
Settlement outposts have been attempted on Mount Hermon and in the Quneitra countryside [2], while southern Lebanon has faced recurrent attacks and ground incursions. However, the first steps towards the purported state were taken in Palestine through the 1948 Nakba and 1967 Naksa, with Israeli restrictions continuing to this day.
以色列政治思想中巴勒斯坦国的缺位以色列政府及其政治机构拒绝建立巴勒斯坦国。克内塞特以68票对9票反对建国，通过了一项决议，声称：“在以色列地腹地建立巴勒斯坦国将对以色列国及其公民构成危险，使巴以冲突长期化，并破坏地区稳定。”该决议进一步将巴勒斯坦建国描述为“奖励巴勒斯坦恐怖主义”。[3]同样，总理本雅明·内塔尼亚胡表示：“不会有巴勒斯坦国。对于在我们土地腹地强加给我们恐怖国家的最新企图，将予以回应。”
The absence of a Palestinian State in Israeli political thought The Israeli government and its political institutions reject the establishment of a Palestinian state. The Knesset voted 68 to 9 against its establishment, passing a resolution that stated: “The establishment of a Palestinian state in the heart of the Land of Israel would pose a danger to the State of Israel and its citizens, perpetuate the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and destabilize the region.”It further described Palestinian statehood as a “reward for Palestinian terrorism.” [3] Similarly, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu stated: “There will be no Palestinian state. The response to the latest attempt to impose a terrorist state on us in the heart of our land will be given.” [4] Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich had previously denied the existence of the Palestinian people, describing them as “an invention less than 100 years old.” [5] This rejection predates Oct. 7, 2023.
[4] 贝扎莱尔·斯莫特里奇此前曾否认巴勒斯坦人民的存在，称他们为“不到100年的发明”。[5]这种拒绝早于2023年10月7日。1948年的“大灾难”（Nakba）导致75万多巴勒斯坦人流离失所，数百个村庄被毁。1967年，以色列占领了剩余的巴勒斯坦领土，导致数十万人流离失所，并将约旦河西岸和加沙地带置于军事统治之下，直到1993年《奥斯陆协议》为巴勒斯坦建国奠定了基础。然而，随后的以色列政策持续阻碍其建立[6]。
The 1948 Nakba displaced over 750,000 Palestinians and destroyed hundreds of villages. In 1967, Israel occupied the remaining Palestinian territories, displacing hundreds of thousands and placing the West Bank and Gaza Strip under military rule until the 1993 Oslo Accords, which laid the foundations for Palestinian statehood. Yet subsequent Israeli policies continued to obstruct its establishment [6].
在当前右翼政府执政期间，要求废除《奥斯陆协议》的呼声不断涌现。本-格维尔所在的政党提出了一项法案，寻求废除该协议，并声明：“在以色列土地的核心地带建立一个巴勒斯坦国，将对以色列国及其公民构成生存威胁，延续以色列与巴勒斯坦之间的冲突，并破坏地区稳定。”本-格维尔进一步表示：“是时候纠正该国历史上最大的错误之一——该受诅咒的《奥斯陆协议》了，它给我们带来了数千人的死亡，我们至今仍深受其害。”
Under the current right-wing government, calls to repeal the Oslo Accords have emerged. Ben-Gvir’s party introduced a bill seeking their annulment, stating: “The establishment of a Palestinian state in the heart of the Land of Israel would pose an existential threat to the State of Israel and its citizens, perpetuate the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and undermine regional stability.”Ben-Gvir further stated: “The time has come to correct one of the greatest mistakes in the country’s history—the cursed Oslo Accords, which brought us thousands of deaths and from which we are still suffering.” [7] Since Oct. 7, 2023, displacement, settlement activity, and attacks have intensified.
[7] 自2023年10月7日以来，流离失所、定居点活动以及袭击事件均有所加剧。加沙战争已导致超过7.4万名巴勒斯坦人死亡，而约旦河西岸北部三个难民营的居民已被迫流离失所，这些难民营此前居住着超过4万名巴勒斯坦人。以色列的措施还延伸至A区和B区，与此同时，以色列议会正努力对约旦河西岸实施以色列主权，并计划新建超过114个定居点单元[8]。
The Gaza war has resulted in more than 74,000 Palestinian deaths, while the residents of three northern West Bank refugee camps, formerly home to over 40,000 Palestinians, have been displaced. Israeli measures have also extended to Areas A and B, alongside Knesset efforts to impose Israeli sovereignty over the West Bank and plans for more than 114 new settlement units [8].
尽管存在国际法以及联合国大会第67/19号决议（2012年）——该决议赋予巴勒斯坦非会员观察国地位——这些做法仍在继续。大约157个国家承认巴勒斯坦，其自决权享有广泛的国际支持。然而，与定居点相关的压力已延伸至库斯拉、泰贝和图尔穆斯阿亚，促使美国大使进行访问，并将占领者的某些行为定性为“恐怖主义”。
These practices continue despite international law and UN General Assembly Resolution 67/19 (2012), which accorded Palestine non-member observer State status. Approximately 157 states recognize Palestine, and its right to self-determination enjoys broad international support. Nevertheless, settlement-related pressure has extended to Qusra, Taybeh, and Turmus Ayya, prompting US ambassador visits and his characterization of certain acts by occupiers as "terrorism."
“令人发指的恐怖主义行为”“这是一起骇人听闻的恐怖主义行径，”美国大使迈克·赫卡比（Mike Huckabee）于2026年8月12日访问纳布卢斯的库斯拉（Qusra）时表示。此前，占领者包围了巴勒斯坦裔美国人卢埃·阿布·里达（Luay Abu Rida）的住所。他还将针对土地的袭击描述为“对上帝律法的亵渎”。[9] 2026年9月5日，在占领者频繁发动包括抢劫、纵火和破坏财产在内的袭击后，赫卡比访问了图尔穆斯阿亚（Turmus Ayya）。
'Horrific act of terrorism' “This is a horrific act of terrorism,” stated US Ambassador Mike Huckabee during his visit to Qusra, Nablus, on Aug. 12, 2026, after occupiers surrounded the home of Luay Abu Rida, a Palestinian-American. He also described attacks on land as “a violation of God’s law.” [9] On Sept. 5, 2026, Huckabee visited Turmus Ayya following recurrent occupier attacks involving looting, arson, and property destruction.
市长纳瓦夫·扎格鲁尔（Nawaf Zaghloul）表示，该镇约80%的居民拥有美国公民身份。赫卡比将占领者的行为描述为“犯罪行为和恐怖主义”，并称肇事者为“一小撮掠夺者”，损害了以色列的声誉。[10]这些言论引发了关于美国政策可能发生转变的质疑。然而，华盛顿再次拒绝向马哈茂德·阿巴斯（Mahmoud Abbas）总统及其他巴勒斯坦官员发放签证，阻碍他们亲自参加第81届联合国大会，这表明其政策具有延续性。
Mayor Nawaf Zaghloul stated that approximately 80% of the town’s residents hold US citizenship. Huckabee described occupier actions as “criminal behavior and terrorism” and the perpetrators as a “small group of marauders” damaging Israel’s reputation [10]. These statements raised questions about a possible shift in US policy. However, Washington’s renewed denial of visas to President Mahmoud Abbas and other Palestinian officials, preventing their in-person participation in the 81st UN General Assembly, indicates policy continuity.
因此，2026年9月17日，联合国大会以152票赞成、3票反对、4票弃权的结果通过决议，允许在被拒绝入境美国时进行虚拟参会。[11] 相比之下，欧洲国家对西岸占领者的暴力行为采取了更坚定的立场，包括对部分占领者实施制裁。
Therefore, on Sept. 17, 2026, the assembly voted 152-3, with four abstentions, to permit their virtual participation when denied US entry [11]. By contrast, European states have taken a firmer stance against violence by occupiers in the West Bank, including sanctions against certain occupiers.
欧洲对以色列定居点实施制裁 随着占领者暴力行为的加剧，包括法国、丹麦、冰岛和英国在内的十多个欧洲国家对占领者实施了制裁，并寻求将这些制裁扩大到与占领者有业务往来的实体。英国外交大臣将占领者在约旦河西岸的行为描述为“种族清洗”，此举促使以色列关闭了英国驻耶路撒冷总领事馆，并暂停了与英国的合作。
European sanctions against Israeli settlements As violence by occupiers intensified, more than 12 European states, including France, Denmark, Iceland, and the United Kingdom, imposed sanctions on occupiers and sought to extend these sanctions to entities dealing with the occupiers. The British foreign secretary described practices by occupiers in the West Bank as “ethnic cleansing,” prompting Israel to close the British Consulate in Jerusalem and suspend cooperation with the UK.
以色列外交部长吉德翁·萨尔驳斥了这一指控，称：“外交大臣在英国议会发表的指控是令人愤慨且虚假的。”尽管遭到以色列的拒绝，欧洲国家仍继续对占领者的暴力行为及以色列在约旦河西岸的做法实施制裁 [12]。
Israeli Foreign Minister Gideon Sa’ar rejected the allegation, stating: “The accusations made by the Foreign Secretary in the British Parliament are outrageous and false.”Despite Israel’s rejection, European states proceeded with sanctions against violence by occupiers and Israeli practices in the West Bank [12].
结论 对约旦河西岸定居点行为的定性在“种族清洗”和“恐怖主义”之间存在差异。本分析将“种族清洗”视为一个法律概念，反映了旨在将巴勒斯坦人从其土地上驱逐以促进吞并的有组织定居活动。相比之下，本分析认为“恐怖主义”是一种有限的政治定性，并未伴随针对占领者行为的有效措施。因此，本分析认为定居点活动与加沙的种族灭绝一样，都是控制整个巴勒斯坦并为所谓的从尼罗河延伸至幼发拉底河的以色列国铺平道路的步骤。
Conclusion Characterizations of settlement practices in the West Bank vary between “ethnic cleansing” and “terrorism.”This analysis presents “ethnic cleansing” as a legal concept reflecting organized settlement aimed at displacing Palestinians from their land to facilitate annexation. In contrast, “terrorism” is viewed here as a limited political characterization unaccompanied by effective measures against practices by occupiers. Accordingly, this analysis views settlement activities, alongside the genocide in Gaza, as steps toward controlling all of Palestine and paving the way for the purported Israeli state extending from the Nile to the Euphrates.
[1] “‘大以色列’是斯莫特里赫占领阿拉伯国家的计划”，2024年10月19日。
[1] "Greater Israel" is Smotrich's project to occupy Arab countries”. Oct. 19, 2024.
[2] “巴珊先驱：针对叙利亚南部的以色列定居运动”，2026年7月26日。
[2] “Pioneers of Bashan: An Israeli settlement movement targeting southern Syria”, July 26, 2026.
[3] “以色列议会‘坚决’反对巴勒斯坦国”，2024年8月7日。
[3] “Israeli parliament 'firmly' opposed to a Palestinian state”, Aug. 7, 2024.
[4] “以色列拒绝加沙计划……内塔尼亚胡称：我们不会从加沙地带撤军，也不会建立巴勒斯坦国”，2026年8月9日[6] 纳比尔·阿尔-萨赫利（Nabil Al-Sahli）——荷兰：“1948年的‘大灾难’与1967年的挫折：难民、流离失所者的困境仍在持续。”
[4] “Israel rejects Gaza plan... Netanyahu: We will not withdraw from the Strip and there will be no Palestinian state”, Aug. 9, 2026 [6] Nabil Al-Sahli – Netherlands, “ The Nakba of 1948 and the setback of 1967: Refugees, displaced persons, and the bleeding of forced displacement continues”. [7] Moahamed Alsayed, " Ben-Gvir's party proposes a bill to "cancel the Oslo Accords" , Alhura News, March 9, 2025. [8] “Four years of annexation legislation: Key steps and stages of the process since the beginning of 2023”, Sept. 8, 2026.
[7] 穆罕默德·阿尔赛义德（Mohamed Alsayed）：“本-格维尔（Ben-Gvir）的政党提议废除《奥斯陆协议》”，《Alhura News》，2025年3月9日[8] “四年的吞并立法：自2023年初以来的关键步骤与进展”，2026年9月8日[9] “美国外交官称以色列定居者对西岸居民房屋的围攻是‘恐怖行为’”，半岛电视台（Al Jazeera），2026年8月13日[10] “美国大使视察了图尔穆斯·阿亚（Turmus Ayya）地区受定居者袭击影响的家庭”，2026年9月5日[11] “在美国拒绝发放签证后，联合国允许巴勒斯坦总统再次通过视频发表讲话”，Routers，2026年9月17日[12] “加拿大和11个欧洲国家计划对与以色列定居点的贸易实施制裁”，《Al-Sharq Al-Awsat》，2026年9月8日
[9] “US diplomat calls Israeli settler siege of West Bank homes ‘act of terror’”, Aljazeera, Aug. 13, 2026 [10] “The US ambassador inspects the homes of those affected by settler attacks in Turmus Ayya”. Sept. 5, 2026. [11] “UN allows Palestinian president to again speak via video after US denies visa”, Routers, Sept. 17, 2026 [12] “Canada and 11 European countries plan to impose sanctions on trade with Israeli settlements.”, "Al-Sharq Al-Awsat, Sept. 8, 2026.
*本文所表达的观点仅代表作者个人立场，并不一定反映《Anadolu》杂志的编辑方针。
*Opinions expressed in this article are the author's own and do not necessarily reflect the editorial policy of Anadolu.