参议院民主党人正在寻求了解Meta、亚马逊、Alphabet和微软在人工智能和数据中心方面的支出，是如何通过共和党人在唐纳德·特朗普总统授意下通过的2025年减税和支出法案中的税收优惠政策获得补贴的。马萨诸塞州民主党参议员伊丽莎白·沃伦牵头致信这四家公司的首席执行官，信件于周日晚间发出并独家提供给CNBC。信中要求这些公司提供有关其在数据中心开发方面所申报的税收抵扣信息，以及在2025年立法（通常被称为“一个宏大而美好的法案”）通过前，这些公司所进行的游说活动的相关信息。
Senate Democrats are seeking information on how artificial intelligence and data center spending by Meta Amazon Alphabet Microsoft has been subsidized by tax breaks authorized in the 2025 tax cutting and spending package passed by Republicans at the behest of President Donald Trump Elizabeth Warren D-Mass., led the letters, which were sent Sunday night and shared exclusively with CNBC, to the CEOs of the four companies asking for information on tax deductions they've claimed related to data center development and on their lobbying efforts in the lead-up to the passage of the 2025 legislation, known more commonly as the "one big beautiful bill" act Sens.
明尼苏达州民主党参议员蒂娜·史密斯和俄勒冈州民主党参议员杰夫·默克利也联署了这些信件。
Tina Smith D-Minn., and Jeff Merkley D-Ore., joined the letters.
议员们在信中写道：“全国各地的美国人都对人工智能（AI）对他们生活的影响感到担忧——从公用事业账单的增加，到失业和网络攻击的威胁。然而，华盛顿的共和党人不仅没有对大型科技公司进行有效的监管，也没有放慢部署这项新技术的疯狂步伐，反而通过了针对AI开发和AI数据中心的税收补贴。”这四家公司的发言人均未立即回应置评请求。白宫也未立即回应置评请求。
"Americans across the country are worried about the impacts of artificial intelligence (AI) on their lives —from increased utility bills to threats of job losses and cyberattacks," the lawmakers wrote in the letters. "But rather than meaningfully regulate Big Tech companies and slow down the mad rush to deploy this new technology, Republicans in Washington have passed tax subsidies for AI development and AI data centers." Spokespeople for all four companies did not immediately respond to a request for comment. The White House also did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
此次调查正值华盛顿努力应对AI和数据中心发展之际，随着2026年中期选举临近，公众的抵制情绪日益高涨。民主党人希望在众议院和参议院重新获得多数席位——尽管大多数预测显示他们仍有望保住参议院多数席位——并试图将自己塑造为更倾向于监管的政党。
The probe comes as Washington grapples with how to deal with AI and data center development, as public backlash has become increasingly intense heading into the 2026 midterm election Democrats are hoping to win back a majority in the House and Senate — though are still favored in most projections to retain the upper chamber — and have tried to distinguish themselves as the more pro-regulation party.
加利福尼亚州州长加文·纽森等2028年民主党总统候选人热门人选已经发表了声明并发布了行政命令。而民主党国会候选人——包括州众议员——也纷纷跟进。
Democratic 2028 presidential hopefuls like California Gov.
得克萨斯州参议院民主党候选人詹姆斯·塔拉里科（James Talarico）和俄亥俄州民主党参议院候选人谢罗德·布朗（Sherrod Brown）均抨击了其共和党对手过去对数据中心的支持。
Gavin Newsom have made statements and issued executive orders And Democratic congressional candidates — including state Rep. James Talarico the Democratic nominee for Senate in Texas, and Sherrod Brown the Democrat running for Senate in Ohio — have hit at their GOP opponents for their past support of data centers.
得克萨斯州能否“变蓝”可能取决于民主党人能否利用民众对数据中心的反对情绪。特朗普面临习近平，与盟友关系的紧张使美国对华施压变得复杂。伊朗总统在联合国发表挑衅性演讲，将全球不稳定归咎于美国和以色列。与此同时，共和党人指责参议院民主党人阻挠了一项旨在建立框架的法案快速通过，该框架本可供各州选择采用，以应对日益增长的数据中心相关公用事业成本。新墨西哥州民主党参议员马丁·海因里希（Martin Heinrich）阻止了该法案，理由是该法案在保护消费者方面力度不够。这项被称为《纳税人保护法》（Ratepayer Protection Act）的措施可能会在本周再次提交参议院审议。
Texas turning blue may hinge on Democrats harnessing data center opposition Trump faces Xi as strains with allies complicate U.S. pressure on China Iran's president blames U.S., Israel for global instability in defiant UN speech Republicans, meanwhile, have called out Senate Democrats for blocking the quick passage of legislation that would create a framework states could choose to adopt to address rising data center-related utility costs. Sen. Martin Heinrich D-N.M., blocked the legislation because he said it didn't go far enough to protect consumers. The measure, dubbed the Ratepayer Protection Act may be taken up by the Senate again this week.
沃伦此前曾呼吁对人工智能和数据中心开发商增加税收，并调查了私募股权与数据中心之间的联系。她周一发出的信函是在有报道称今年企业税收收入在营收增长的情况下反而下降之后发出的，原因是科技公司利用了人工智能税收优惠政策。根据沃伦援引《政治报》（Politico）援引预算预测机构的报道，今年企业税收支付额下降了25%。无党派的国会预算办公室在2月份预测，联邦政府2026年的企业所得税收入将比上一年减少10.6%，总额预计将从4520亿美元降至4040亿美元。
Warren has previously called for increased taxes on AI and data center developers and investigated ties between private equity and data centers Her letter on Monday follows reporting that corporate tax payments are falling this year amid rising revenue, as tech companies make use of AI tax incentives. Corporate tax payments are down 25 percent this year, according to Warren's letter, which cites Politico's reporting quoting budget forecasters. The nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office in February projected that the federal government would collect 10.6% less in corporate income tax in 2026 compared with a year earlier, with the total projected to fall from $452 billion to $404 billion.
以Meta为例，该公司2025年缴纳的联邦所得税为28亿美元，低于2024年的96亿美元，而这两年的利润大致相同。
Meta, for one, paid $2.8 billion in federal income tax in 2025, down from $9.6 billion in 2024, while earning roughly the same profit both years.
议员们在致Meta首席执行官马克·扎克伯格的信中写道：“这次巨额减税在很大程度上似乎是由特朗普总统和共和党人为补贴你们在人工智能方面的支出而提供的税收优惠所驱动的。你们公司的资本支出——其中‘绝大部分’用于数据中心建设和其他人工智能支出——去年达到了惊人的720亿美元，而你们可能利用《2025年预算与税收法案》（OBBBA）中的企业税收减免政策，对其中很大一部分进行了即时扣除。”根据技术咨询公司ABI Research的数据，亚马逊、Meta和微软是美国按活跃IT容量计算排名前三的数据中心公司，隶属于Alphabet的谷歌云排名第十。
"This enormous tax cut appears to have been driven in significant part by President Trump and Republicans' tax breaks subsidizing your spending on AI," the lawmakers wrote in their letter to Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg "[Y]our company's capital expenditures, the 'vast majority' of which constitute data center construction and other AI spending amounted to an extraordinary $72 billion last year — much of which you may have been able to immediately deduct using OBBBA's corporate tax handouts." Amazon, Meta and Microsoft are the top three data center companies in the U.S. by active IT capacity, according to the technology advising firm ABI Research Google Cloud, which is part of Alphabet, is 10th.
议员们在信中援引提交给美国证券交易委员会的企业文件指出，微软目前的联邦所得税支出从2025财年到2026财年下降了超过110亿美元；亚马逊的联邦所得税缴纳额从2024财年到2025财年减少了近80亿美元；Alphabet同期合并后的联邦和州所得税支出减少了超过70亿美元。
Pointing to corporate filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, the lawmakers in their letter note Microsoft's current federal income tax expense dropped by over $11 billion from fiscal year 2025 to 2026; Amazon's federal income tax payment dropped by nearly $8 billion from fiscal 2024 to 2025; and Alphabet's combined current federal and state income tax expense dropped by over $7 billion in the same period.
信中称，这些公司每家都为特朗普的就职典礼捐赠了100万美元，并在2025年税收和支出法案通过前，花费数百万美元游说国会和联邦机构。
The companies contributed $1 million each to Trump's inauguration and spent millions lobbying Congress and federal agencies in the lead-up to the passage of the 2025 tax and spending bill, according to the letter.
议员们写道：“你们公司为了讨好特朗普总统挥金如土，现在看来你们的投资已经初见成效。”他们要求各公司在10月12日前做出答复。
"Your company has spent lavishly to stay on the good side of President Trump, and it appears that you are now seeing your investment bear fruit," the lawmakers wrote. They requested answers from each company by Oct. 12.
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