英国的净移民人数已降至自2012年以来（新冠疫情期间除外）的最低水平。
UK net migration has dropped to the lowest level, outside of the Covid pandemic, since 2012.
这一数据与其他关键的移民指标（如庇护申请数量、通过小船抵达英国的移民人数以及发放的签证数量）相比，呈现出怎样的趋势呢？
How does that sit alongside other key migration measures, including asylum applications, small boat arrivals and visas granted? Scroll down to find out more about the latest key figures, and get answers to key questions on a range of topics.
请继续阅读，以了解最新的关键数据，并获取关于多个主题的详细解答。
Produced by: Rob England, Libby Rogers, Jess Carr, Aidan McNamee, John Walton, Becky Dale, Allison Shultes, Chris Kay, Steven Connor and Scott Jarvis.
制作团队：Rob England、Libby Rogers、Jess Carr、Aidan McNamee、John Walton、Becky Dale、Allison Shultes、Chris Kay、Steven Connor 和 Scott Jarvis图表设计：Jez Frazer、Zoe Bartholomew 和 Joy Roxas请注意：政府及其他官方来源提供的数据可能会在发布后进行更新。本页面显示的数据基于最新发布的官方统计结果。
Produced by: Rob England, Libby Rogers, Jess Carr, Aidan McNamee, John Walton, Becky Dale, Allison Shultes, Chris Kay, Steven Connor and Scott Jarvis. Graphics by: Jez Frazer, Zoe Bartholomew and Joy Roxas Figures from government and other official sources can be revised between publications. This page shows data as presented in the latest available release. Immigration, emigration and net migration *The net migration figure for the UK will not exactly equal immigration minus emigration because the Office for National Statistics (ONS) publishes it as a rounded number. Immigration and emigration estimates from the ONS are updated twice a year.
移民、出境及净移民
Net migration figures use the internationally recognised definition of a long-term migrant: "A person who moves to a country other than that of their usual residence for at least a year." Visas for legal migration The total number of visa entries only includes visas that have been granted. It does not include visitor visas or transit visas, where the UK is not the final destination.
英国的净移民人数并不等于入境人数减去出境人数，因为英国国家统计局（ONS）会将其四舍五入后公布。
Net migration figures use the internationally recognised definition of a long-term migrant: "A person who moves to a country other than that of their usual residence for at least a year." Visas for legal migration The total number of visa entries only includes visas that have been granted. It does not include visitor visas or transit visas, where the UK is not the final destination.
英国国家统计局每年会更新两次关于移民和出境的统计数据。
Net migration figures use the internationally recognised definition of a long-term migrant: "A person who moves to a country other than that of their usual residence for at least a year." Visas for legal migration The total number of visa entries only includes visas that have been granted. It does not include visitor visas or transit visas, where the UK is not the final destination.
净移民的定义是：“那些前往与其常住国不同的国家并居住至少一年的人。”
Visa figures record when permission was granted, not when or whether someone arrived in the UK.
签证相关数据：
If a person was granted more than one visa within the year shown, each visa is counted separately.
签证数据仅包括已正式发放的签证，不包括访问签证或过境签证（即那些英国并非最终目的地的签证）。
Work visas refer to new individuals granted permission, or extensions of existing permission. This includes categories such as seasonal work, health and care, domestic worker and youth mobility visas.
签证发放时间记录的是签证获批的时间，而非相关人员实际抵达英国的时间或是否已抵达英国。
Study visas include all individuals sponsored by approved UK education providers, as well as those on short-term study visas.
如果某人在一年内获得了多个签证，每个签证都会被单独统计。
Study visas include all individuals sponsored by approved UK education providers, as well as those on short-term study visas.
工作签证涵盖新获得的签证许可以及现有签证的延期；这些签证类型包括季节性工作签证、医疗护理签证、家政工人签证和青年流动签证等。
Family visas allow someone to come to or remain in the UK to live with close family members already here. This includes joining a spouse, partner, child or parent, or coming to care for a relative.
学习签证包括所有由英国正规教育机构担保的留学生，以及持有短期学习签证的留学生。
The "Other" category includes visas outside work, study and family routes. This covers humanitarian schemes such as the Ukraine Sponsorship Scheme and the British National (Overseas) route. It also includes family permits for people from European Union or European Economic Area countries.
家庭签证允许某人前往英国或留在英国，与已经在该国的近亲共同生活。这包括与配偶、伴侣、子女或父母团聚，或者前往照顾亲属。
The "Other" category includes visas outside work, study and family routes. This covers humanitarian schemes such as the Ukraine Sponsorship Scheme and the British National (Overseas) route. It also includes family permits for people from European Union or European Economic Area countries.
“其他”类别涵盖了除工作、学习和家庭签证之外的所有签证类型。这类签证包括人道主义援助计划（如乌克兰赞助计划）以及针对英国海外公民的签证政策；同时，也包括来自欧盟或欧洲经济区国家的家庭成员所申请的签证。
Asylum applications and accommodation Home Office figures for asylum seekers in hotels are published under the category "contingency accommodation - hotel". The number of people in all other forms of accommodation includes non-hotel contingency accommodation, as well as initial, dispersal and "other" accommodation.
关于寻求庇护者的住宿情况，内政部会将其数据归类为“临时住宿（酒店）”类别进行公布。
To show how evenly accommodation is distributed, a scale compares each local authority's share of people in that type of accommodation with the UK-wide average for areas using the same accommodation type:
所有其他形式的住宿安排还包括非酒店类的临时住宿设施，以及初次安置、分散安置和其他类型的住宿安排。
Less than half – more than 50% below the average Lower than – between 25% and 50% below the average About the same as – within 25% of the average Higher than – between 25% and 100% above the average More than double – more than 100% above the average Backlog figures for people waiting for an initial asylum decision include both main applicants and dependants.
为了反映住宿资源的分配情况，会使用一个比例指标来比较各地方政府在该类住宿中所占的比例与全国平均水平：
Less than half – more than 50% below the average Lower than – between 25% and 50% below the average About the same as – within 25% of the average Higher than – between 25% and 100% above the average More than double – more than 100% above the average Backlog figures for people waiting for an initial asylum decision include both main applicants and dependants.
如果比例低于平均水平50%，则表示该地区的住宿资源分配较为合理；
Less than half – more than 50% below the average Lower than – between 25% and 50% below the average About the same as – within 25% of the average Higher than – between 25% and 100% above the average More than double – more than 100% above the average Backlog figures for people waiting for an initial asylum decision include both main applicants and dependants.
如果比例低于平均水平25%至50%，则表示住宿资源分配较为合理；
Open appeals against refused asylum applications refer to individuals. Figures on appeals are published every three months by the Ministry of Justice, at a different time from other government asylum statistics. It also includes a small number of appeals against revocation of protection.
如果比例与平均水平相当，则表示住宿资源分配基本均衡；
Open appeals against refused asylum applications refer to individuals. Figures on appeals are published every three months by the Ministry of Justice, at a different time from other government asylum statistics. It also includes a small number of appeals against revocation of protection.
如果比例高于平均水平25%至100%，则表示住宿资源分配较为紧张；
Open appeals against refused asylum applications refer to individuals. Figures on appeals are published every three months by the Ministry of Justice, at a different time from other government asylum statistics. It also includes a small number of appeals against revocation of protection.
如果比例高于平均水平100%，则表示住宿资源分配非常紧张。
Small boat crossings and other irregular arrivals Small boat crossing figures and the average number of people per boat are taken from the Home Office daily data Entering the UK without permission is an offence under immigration law but asylum seekers are generally not prosecuted if they claim asylum on arrival. In some cases, people have been prosecuted alongside other offences, such as people smuggling or re-entering after deportation.
等待初次庇护决定的申请者的数据中既包括主要申请人，也包括其受抚养人。
Small boat crossings and other irregular arrivals Small boat crossing figures and the average number of people per boat are taken from the Home Office daily data Entering the UK without permission is an offence under immigration law but asylum seekers are generally not prosecuted if they claim asylum on arrival. In some cases, people have been prosecuted alongside other offences, such as people smuggling or re-entering after deportation.
针对被拒绝的庇护申请提出的上诉属于个人层面的申诉，其数据由司法部每三个月公布一次，公布时间与其他政府庇护统计数据不同。这些数据还包括少量针对庇护资格被撤销的申诉案例。
Small boat crossings and other irregular arrivals Small boat crossing figures and the average number of people per boat are taken from the Home Office daily data Entering the UK without permission is an offence under immigration law but asylum seekers are generally not prosecuted if they claim asylum on arrival. In some cases, people have been prosecuted alongside other offences, such as people smuggling or re-entering after deportation.
小船偷渡及其他非法抵达情况 小船偷渡数据及每船平均人数源自内政部每日数据。根据移民法，未经许可进入英国属违法行为，但寻求庇护者若在抵达时提出庇护申请，通常不会被起诉。个别情况下，人员会因其他罪名被起诉，例如偷运人口或被驱逐出境后再次入境。
The International Organization for Migration (IOM) collects figures on people who have died or gone missing while crossing from mainland Europe to the UK. These reports are based on information from French and UK officials (such as police or coastguard) and media sources. The IOM considers them an undercount because there are no official statistics.
国际移民组织（IOM）统计从欧洲大陆偷渡至英国途中死亡或失踪的人数。这些报告基于法英两国官方（如警方或海岸警卫队）及媒体的信息编制。国际移民组织认为这些数据偏低，因缺乏官方统计数字。
The figures may include people who died in the Channel itself, as well as those who died while travelling to a crossing point. Data on modern slavery includes final decisions only. Modern slavery covers human trafficking, slavery, servitude and forced labour.
数据可能包含在英吉利海峡本身死亡的人员，以及在前往偷渡集结点途中死亡的人员。
Figures for other entries without permission combine all recorded irregular arrivals that were not by small boat. This includes inadequately documented air arrivals, recorded detections at UK ports, and other recorded detections within the UK.
现代奴隶制数据仅包含最终裁决结果。现代奴隶制涵盖人口贩卖、奴役、苦役及强迫劳动。
Figures for other entries without permission combine all recorded irregular arrivals that were not by small boat. This includes inadequately documented air arrivals, recorded detections at UK ports, and other recorded detections within the UK.
其他未经许可入境数据汇总了除小船偷渡外所有记录在案的非法抵达情况。这包括证件不全的航空抵达人员、英国港口查获人员，以及在英国境内其他查获人员。
Returns and deportations People who are denied entry at the border and then leave the UK are not included in the returns figures on this page.
遣返与驱逐 被边境拒绝入境后离开英国的人员，不计入本页面的遣返数据。
Returns involving the government are grouped into three categories. Enforced returns (which include deportations) are cases where the Home Office requires someone to leave and arranges their removal, usually because they have no legal right to remain or following a criminal conviction.
政府主导的遣返分为三类。强制遣返（含驱逐出境）指内政部责令当事人离境并安排遣送，通常因其无合法居留权或因刑事定罪。
Assisted voluntary returns are when someone agrees to leave the UK and receives government support, such as help with travel documents, flights or reintegration assistance.
协助自愿遣返指当事人同意离境并获得政府支持，如协办旅行证件、机票或重返社会援助。
Assisted voluntary returns are when someone agrees to leave the UK and receives government support, such as help with travel documents, flights or reintegration assistance.
受控自愿离境是指当事人未被强制遣返、自愿离开英国，但其离境情况被内政部正式记录在案。
Controlled voluntary returns are when someone leaves the UK voluntarily without being forcibly removed, but their departure is formally recorded by the Home Office.
独立离境被政府称为“其他经核实的离境”，指的是未经……而离开英国的个人。因刑事定罪而被遣返的人员包括在英国因任何刑事犯罪被定罪的非英国公民，或在国外因严重刑事犯罪被定罪的人员。
Independent returns are referred to by the government as "other verified returns," and refer to individuals who have left the UK without People returned after a criminal conviction include non-British citizens convicted in the UK of any criminal offence, or convicted abroad of a serious criminal offence.
英国与其他国家的移民比较。海上抵达数据取自联合国难民署欧洲海上抵达仪表板，并与英国内政部小船数据合并。
UK migration compared with other countries Sea arrival figures are taken from the UNHCR European sea arrivals dashboard and combined with UK Home Office small boat data.
欧洲国家的庇护申请、移民和移出数据为欧盟统计局提供的最新可用数据，涵盖以下国家：奥地利、比利时、丹麦、芬兰、法国、德国、希腊、爱尔兰、意大利、荷兰、葡萄牙、西班牙、瑞典、捷克、爱沙尼亚、匈牙利、拉脱维亚、立陶宛、波兰、斯洛伐克、斯洛文尼亚、保加利亚、罗马尼亚、挪威、瑞士和克罗地亚。
Asylum application, immigration and emigration figures for European countries are the latest available data from Eurostat for: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Czechia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Romania, Norway, Switzerland and Croatia.
英国人口数据来自英国国家统计局、苏格兰国家记录局和北爱尔兰统计与研究局2024年年中估计。欧洲人口数据来自欧盟统计局，截至2024年1月1日。
UK population figures are from ONS, National Records of Scotland and the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency 2024 mid-year estimates. European population figures are from Eurostat as of 1 January 2024.
为确保与英国的可比性，人口不足一百万的欧洲国家被排除在净移民和庇护申请的按人均比较之外。
To ensure comparability with the UK, European countries with populations under one million are excluded from per-capita comparisons of net migration and asylum applications.
在净移民比较中，仅纳入将寻求庇护者或难民计入其移民数据的国家。
For net migration comparisons, only countries that include asylum seekers or refugees in their immigration figures are included.
这些国家包括：奥地利、比利时、爱沙尼亚、法国、德国、希腊、爱尔兰、意大利、荷兰、挪威、斯洛文尼亚、西班牙和瑞士。
These are: Austria, Belgium, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Slovenia, Spain and Switzerland.
葡萄牙也被排除在外，因为该国没有2024年的净移民数据，将在未来更新中重新纳入。你希望BBC Verify调查什么？
Portugal was also excluded as it did not have net migration data available for 2024, it will be re-included in future updates. What do you want BBC Verify to investigate?