在阿拉克萨起义爆发26年后，这场冲突仍被视为巴以冲突中最血腥的篇章之一——其特点是以色列军队频繁对巴勒斯坦城市发动致命袭击、实施暗杀以及各种暴力行为。
Twenty-six years after it erupted, the Al-Aqsa Intifada remains one of the bloodiest chapters of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, marked by deadly Israeli raids into Palestinian cities, assassinations and attacks.
这次起义是继第一次巴勒斯坦大起义（又称“石头起义”）之后的第二次大规模反抗运动，始于2000年9月28日。当时，以色列反对党领袖阿里埃勒·沙龙率领大量警察和安保人员闯入了被占领的东耶路撒冷的阿拉克萨清真寺。
The uprising, the second after the First Intifada, also known as the “Stone Intifada”, began on Sept. 28, 2000, after then-Israeli opposition leader Ariel Sharon stormed Al-Aqsa Mosque in occupied East Jerusalem.
本周一标志着这场起义爆发26周年。虽然起义活动逐渐平息，但直到2005年2月在埃及举行的沙姆沙伊赫峰会后，这场冲突才真正结束。
Monday marks the 26th anniversary of the uprising, which gradually subsided before the February 2005 Sharm el-Sheikh summit in Egypt effectively brought it to an end.
根据官方数据，共有4,412名巴勒斯坦人在起义中丧生，另有48,322人受伤。
According to official figures, 4,412 Palestinians were killed and 48,322 others injured during the uprising.
第一次巴勒斯坦大起义始于1987年12月9日，起因是四名巴勒斯坦工人被一辆以色列卡车撞死。这场起义最初在贾巴利亚难民营爆发，随后蔓延至加沙地带和被占领的西岸地区，持续了大约六年时间。
The First Palestinian Intifada began on Dec. 9, 1987, after four Palestinian workers were killed when they were run over by an Israeli truck. It started in the Jabalia refugee camp and spread across the Gaza Strip and the occupied West Bank, lasting around six years.
阿拉克萨起义的爆发正值巴以和平进程陷入僵局之际——2000年7月由美国主持的戴维营峰会未能就耶路撒冷地位、边界问题、难民问题以及以色列非法定居点等问题达成任何协议。
The Al-Aqsa Intifada erupted as the Palestinian-Israeli peace process had reached an impasse following the failure of the US-sponsored Camp David summit in July 2000 to reach an agreement on final-status issues, including Jerusalem, borders, refugees and illegal settlements.
2000年9月28日，沙龙在大量以色列警力的陪同下闯入阿拉克萨清真寺，这一行为引发了巴勒斯坦人的强烈抗议和冲突。这些抗议活动迅速蔓延至东耶路撒冷、西岸和加沙地带，短短几天内就演变成了大规模的对抗行动。
On Sept. 28 that year, Sharon stormed Al-Aqsa Mosque in occupied East Jerusalem accompanied by a large number of Israeli police and security personnel. The incursion triggered Palestinian protests and clashes around the mosque that quickly spread to East Jerusalem, the West Bank and Gaza Strip, developing within days into widespread confrontations.
联合国认为沙龙的这一行为是此次起义的直接导火索；而和平进程的停滞以及政治解决方案前景的渺茫，也是导致局势升级的重要因素。
The UN has identified Sharon’s visit as the immediate trigger for the uprising, while the stalled peace process and diminishing prospects for a political settlement were among the factors that contributed to the escalation.
次日，以色列军队冲入奥勒贾萨清真寺建筑群，对礼拜者和抗议者使用实弹及其他手段，造成巴勒斯坦人死亡受伤，随后冲突蔓延至其他地区。
The following day, Israeli forces stormed the Al-Aqsa Mosque compound and used live fire and other means against worshippers and protesters, leaving Palestinians killed and wounded before clashes spread elsewhere.
随着暴力升级，以色列军队杀死巴勒斯坦人的画面激起公众愤怒，推动抗议扩大。
As the violence escalated, images of Palestinians killed by Israeli forces fueled public anger and widened the protests.
其中最受关注的是，11岁的穆罕默德·杜拉在加沙地带躲到父亲身边时，被以色列军的枪火击中身亡。这一画面后来成为起义的象征之一。
Among the most prominent was the killing of 11-year-old Muhammad al-Durrah in Gaza by Israeli gunfire as he sheltered beside his father, an image that later became one of the symbols of the uprising.
随着以色列的攻击加剧，起义逐渐从群众抗议和街头冲突转向巴勒斯坦人与以色列军队之间的武装对抗。
As Israeli attacks intensified, the uprising gradually shifted from popular protests and street clashes to armed confrontations between Palestinians and the Israeli army.
以色列升级了在被占领的约旦河西岸和加沙地带的军事行动，针对巴勒斯坦政治和军事人物实施暗杀，并进行大规模逮捕、炮击以及闯入城市和难民营等行动。
Israel escalated military operations in the occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip, carrying out assassinations targeting Palestinian political and military figures, alongside mass arrests, shelling and incursions into cities and refugee camps.
2001年12月3日，以色列政府在拉马拉的总统府对巴勒斯坦前总统亚瑟尔·阿拉法特实施围困，直至他去世。
On Dec. 3, 2001, the Israeli government imposed a siege on former Palestinian President Yasser Arafat at his presidential headquarters in Ramallah that continued until he died.
围困期间，以色列军队摧毁了总统府建筑群的大片区域，并使用坦克和飞机，多次炮击阿拉法特与助手和幕僚所在的建筑。
During the siege, Israeli forces destroyed large parts of the presidential compound and repeatedly shelled the building, where Arafat was staying with aides and associates, using tanks and aircraft.
据官方通讯社瓦法社报道，以色列军队还袭击了加沙和被占领的约旦河西岸的总统机构，并摧毁加沙国际机场和巴勒斯坦总统直升机，使阿拉法特无法出行。
Israeli forces also struck presidential facilities in Gaza and the occupied West Bank and destroyed Gaza International Airport and Palestinian presidential helicopters, preventing Arafat from traveling, according to the official news agency Wafa.
2004年11月11日，阿拉法特健康状况恶化后在巴黎去世。巴勒斯坦方面怀疑他可能遭到投毒，但这一问题一直存在争议，后续调查也未能得出明确的司法结论。
Arafat died in Paris on Nov. 11, 2004, after his health deteriorated, amid Palestinian suspicions that he may have been poisoned, an issue that remained subject to controversy and subsequent investigations without a definitive judicial finding.
2004年3月，以色列暗杀了哈马斯创始人艾哈迈德·亚辛；次月，以色列又暗杀了继任该组织领导人的阿卜杜勒·阿齐兹·兰蒂西。以色列还杀害了哈马斯高级人物萨拉赫·谢哈德和伊斯梅尔·阿布·沙纳布。
In March 2004, Israel assassinated Hamas founder Ahmed Yassin and Abdul Aziz al-Rantisi, who succeeded him as the movement’s leader, the following month. It also killed senior Hamas figures Salah Shehadeh and Ismail Abu Shanab.
2001年8月，以色列空袭巴勒斯坦解放阵线（Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine，PFLP）秘书长阿布·阿里·穆斯塔法在约旦河西岸城市阿尔比雷的办公室，将其炸死。
In August 2001, Israel killed Secretary General of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) Abu Ali Mustafa in an airstrike on his office in the West Bank city of Al-Bireh.
2002年，这场起义进入最血腥的时期之一，以色列发动了代号为“防御盾牌行动”的大规模军事攻势，在被占领的约旦河西岸各地大举侵入城市、城镇和难民营。
The uprising entered one of its bloodiest periods in 2002 when Israel launched a major offensive code-named “Operation Defensive Shield”, involving large-scale incursions into cities, towns and refugee camps across the occupied West Bank.
行动期间，以色列依据以色列与巴勒斯坦解放组织（PLO）于1993年达成的《奥斯陆协议》相关安排，在从部分巴勒斯坦城市中心撤军后，又重新部署到这些城市中心。
During the operation, the Israeli army redeployed inside Palestinian city centers after having partially withdrawn under arrangements stemming from the 1993 Oslo Accords between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).
多个巴勒斯坦城市和难民营发生大规模军事行动，包括约旦河西岸北部的杰宁难民营。巴勒斯坦地区还发生了大规模拆房、夷平农业用地以及基础设施严重受损等情况。
Several Palestinian cities and refugee camps witnessed major military operations, including the Jenin refugee camp in the northern West Bank. Palestinian areas also saw widespread home demolitions, the bulldozing of agricultural land and extensive damage to infrastructure.
联合国记录了起义期间以军重新进入巴勒斯坦领土部分地区的情况，这些地区已有多年没有部署以军，其中包括被划为A区的人口居住区。
The UN documented the return of Israeli forces during the uprising to parts of the Palestinian territories where they had not been deployed for years, including populated areas classified as Area A.
根据1995年达成的《奥斯陆第二次协议》，约旦河西岸被划分为A区、B区和C区。该协议原定作为一项临时安排。
A区由巴勒斯坦完全控制，B区由巴勒斯坦文职机构和以色列安全机构共同控制，C区则由以色列完全控制，约占约旦河西岸总面积的60%。
Under the 1995 Oslo II Accord, which was intended as an interim arrangement, the West Bank was divided into Areas A, B and C. Area A was placed under full Palestinian control, Area B under Palestinian civilian control and Israeli security control, while Area C remained under full Israeli control and accounts for around 60% of the West Bank.
起义期间，巴勒斯坦各派别在以色列境内发动袭击，造成以色列人死亡和受伤。
During the years of the uprising, Palestinian factions carried out attacks inside Israel that killed and wounded Israelis.
2001年10月，巴勒斯坦解放阵线成员在耶路撒冷一家酒店暗杀了以色列旅游部长雷哈瓦姆·泽埃维。
In October 2001, PFLP members assassinated Israeli Tourism Minister Rehavam Ze’evi at a hotel in Jerusalem.
与第一次大起义主要局限于示威、罢工以及投掷石块和燃烧瓶相比，此次起义期间巴勒斯坦各派的军事能力也有所发展。
The uprising also saw a development in the military capabilities of Palestinian factions compared with the First Intifada, which had been primarily associated with demonstrations, strikes and the throwing of stones and Molotov cocktails.
巴勒斯坦各派，尤其是哈马斯的武装派别卡桑旅，开始向以色列城镇发射本地制造的火箭弹，这标志着一种军事发展，后来成为双方对抗的标志性特征之一。
Palestinian factions, particularly Hamas’ armed wing, the Qassam Brigades, began firing locally manufactured rockets toward Israeli towns, marking a military development that later became one of the defining features of confrontations between the two sides.
据以方数据，起义期间约有1069名以色列人在巴勒斯坦人的袭击中丧生，另有4500人受伤。
Around 1,069 Israelis were killed and 4,500 others injured in Palestinian attacks during the uprising, according to Israeli figures.
2005年2月8日，巴勒斯坦总统马哈茂德·阿巴斯、时任以色列总理阿里埃勒·沙龙、前埃及总统胡斯尼·穆巴拉克和约旦国王阿卜杜拉二世在埃及度假城市沙姆沙伊赫会晤，讨论结束始于阿克萨起义的危机。
On Feb. 8, 2005, Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas, then-Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon, former Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak and Jordan’s King Abdullah II met in Egypt’s resort city of Sharm el-Sheikh to discuss ways to end the crisis that began with the Al-Aqsa Intifada.
根据当时发表的声明，阿巴斯和沙龙同意停止“暴力行为”。此次峰会被广泛视为阿克萨起义实际结束的时间点，此时距其开始已近五年。
Abbas and Sharon agreed, according to statements issued at the time, to halt “acts of violence.”The summit is widely regarded as the point at which the Al-Aqsa Intifada effectively ended, nearly five years after it began.
数月后，以色列于2005年9月实施其单边“脱离接触”计划，撤出非法定居点并从加沙地带撤军。然而，撤军并未结束以色列对该飞地的控制，因为以色列继续控制其边界、领空和领海。
Months later, Israel implemented its unilateral “disengagement” plan in September 2005, evacuating illegal settlements and withdrawing forces from the Gaza Strip. The withdrawal, however, did not end Israeli control over the enclave, as Israel continued to control its borders, airspace, and territorial waters.
以色列自2006年中期起对加沙实施封锁，随后又对该飞地发动了多次战争，最近一次是2023年10月开始的种族灭绝战争，已造成超过74000名巴勒斯坦人死亡，另有超过175000人受伤。
Israel imposed a blockade on Gaza from mid-2006, and subsequently launched several wars on the enclave, most recently its genocidal war that began in October 2023 and has killed more than 74,000 Palestinians and wounded over 175,000 others.
这一时期还伴随着以色列在被占领的约旦河西岸不断升级的军事行动，包括杀戮、拆毁房屋、迫使巴勒斯坦人流离失所以及扩建定居点。
The period has also been accompanied by escalating Israeli military operations in the occupied West Bank, including killings, home demolitions, displacement of Palestinians and settlement expansion.
news_share_descriptionsubscription_contact contact_the_ombudsman is_there_an_error_in_this_story
news_share_descriptionsubscription_contact contact_the_ombudsman is_there_an_error_in_this_story