罗马，9月28日——据专家及路透社对公开数据的分析，意大利总理焦尔吉娅·梅洛尼（Giorgia Meloni）推出的限制意大利课堂外国学生人数的新规，预计全国范围内最多仅会影响几百名儿童。
ROME, Sept 28 - New rules to limit the number of foreign pupils in Italian classrooms, introduced by Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni, are set to affect at most just a few hundred children nationwide, according to experts and a Reuters analysis of public data.
梅洛尼领导的右翼内阁上周通过了一项法令，规定每个班级外国学生比例上限为30%，并禁止在学校佩戴面部遮盖物。批评人士称，此举旨在应对明年选举前竞争对手极右翼政党“国家未来”（National Future）日益增长的支持率。
Meloni's right-wing cabinet passed a decree last week setting a ceiling of 30% of foreign pupils per classroom and banning face coverings at school, moves that critics said were an attempt to counter the growing appeal of a rival far-right party National Future ahead of elections due next year.
总理称该法令是支持融合、避免“贫民窟班级”并“为所有学生提供同等机会”的常识性措施。然而，米兰理工大学社会政策实验室负责人科斯坦佐·兰奇（Costanzo Ranci）周一告诉路透社，外国学生人数限制可能仅影响全意大利约300名儿童。他表示，受影响人数不会超过1000人，甚至可能为零。政府未提供受影响学生人数的官方估算。
The prime minister called the decree a common sense measure to support integration, "avoid ghetto classes and give all students the same opportunities." However, Costanzo Ranci, head of the Social Policy Lab at Milan Polytechnic, told Reuters on Monday that the limit on foreign pupils would likely affect only around 300 children in the whole of Italy. He said the number would not exceed 1,000 and could even be zero. The government has not provided its own estimate of how many pupils will be affected.
由于该法令豁免了在意大利出生的外国学生以及在意大利教育体系中度过较长时间的学生，因此估算值仅为近似值。
Estimates are approximate because the decree exempts foreign students born in Italy and those who have spent significant time in the Italian school system.
根据教育部2025年8月的最新数据，意大利公立学校（不含托儿所）的学生总数约为620万。
The total student population in Italy's state schools, excluding nurseries, is around 6.2 million, according to the most recent education ministry data for August 2025.
路透社对教育部数据的分析显示，在2024-2025学年，约有2600所学校（占总数的9%）的外国学生比例超过30%。
Around 2,600 schools, or 9% of the total, had more than 30% of foreign students in the 2024-2025 school year, according to a Reuters analysis of ministry data.
然而，这些外国学生中约有64.5%是在意大利出生的，因此不受该法令影响。若将该全国比例均匀应用于各学校，则仅有10所公立学校的外国学生比例超过阈值。
However, around 64.5% of these foreign students are Italian-born and therefore not affected by the decree. Applying that national share uniformly across schools would leave only 10 state schools above the threshold.
兰奇表示：“我的感觉是该法令不会对学校的日常运营产生实际影响”，并补充说它仅适用于相当特殊的情况。
"My feeling is that the decree will not have a real impact on the day-to-day running of schools," Ranci said, adding that it would only apply to rather exceptional situations.