法国斯特拉斯堡——丰田汽车及其他日本电动汽车制造商面临在欧盟遭遇毁灭性挫折的风险，因为欧盟成员国正在考虑一项偏向欧盟本土制造电动汽车的产业立法。
STRASBOURG, France -- Toyota Motor and other Japanese makers of electric vehicles face the risk of a devastating setback in the European Union as member states consider industrial legislation that would favor EU-made EVs.
拟议中的《工业加速器法案》（Industrial Accelerator Act）对欧盟境内生产的产品给予优惠待遇。该法案草案要求，电动汽车要获得补贴和税收激励，其70%的零部件必须在欧盟境内生产，且车辆必须在欧盟区域内组装。
The proposed Industrial Accelerator Act gives preferential treatment to products made in the EU. A draft version of the IAA requires EVs to have 70% of their contents made in the EU and that the vehicles be assembled in the region to qualify for subsidies and tax incentives.
日本政府代表团和日本汽车制造商协会于9月16日与欧洲人民党（欧洲议会最大政党）的高级官员举行了会晤。约40人聚集在斯特拉斯堡的欧洲议会主楼内。一位日本汽车高管表示：“我们在欧洲的运营面临崩溃的风险。”
A delegation from the Japanese government and the Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association met Sept. 16 with senior officials from the European People's Party, the largest party in the European Parliament. About 40 people gathered in the parliament's main building in Strasbourg. "Our European operations are at risk of collapse," a Japanese auto executive said.
在欧洲，企业通常将车辆作为薪酬包的一部分提供给员工，供其私人使用。企业可享受针对这些“公司用车”的税收减免。公司用车约占欧洲汽车市场新车注册量的60%。然而，《工业加速器法案》规定，在非欧盟国家制造的电动汽车将无法享受公司用车的税收减免。购买欧盟以外生产的电动汽车的个人，也将无法获得政府购车补贴。
In Europe, it is common for companies to provide employees with vehicles that can be used privately as part of their compensation packages. Corporations enjoy tax breaks on these "company cars." Company cars account for roughly 60% of new registrations in the European auto market. But the IAA states that EVs manufactured in non-EU countries would be ineligible for the company car tax breaks. Individuals who buy electrics made outside the EU would be ineligible for government purchase subsidies as well.
尽管日本已与欧盟签署经济伙伴关系协定，但该立法并未豁免日本制造的电动汽车。
In Europe, it is common for companies to provide employees with vehicles that can be used privately as part of their compensation packages. Corporations enjoy tax breaks on these "company cars." Company cars account for roughly 60% of new registrations in the European auto market. But the IAA states that EVs manufactured in non-EU countries would be ineligible for the company car tax breaks. Individuals who buy electrics made outside the EU would be ineligible for government purchase subsidies as well.
据GlobalData报告，去年欧洲电动汽车销量总计272万辆，占市场的18%。预计这一比例到2035年将达到85%，到2038年将达到98%。这些预测并未将《工业加速器法案》的影响纳入考量。
Though Japan has entered into an economic partnership agreement with the EU, the legislation would not exempt Japanese-made EVs. EV sales in Europe totaled 2.72 million units last year, GlobalData reports, accounting for 18% of the market. The share is projected to reach 85% by 2035 and 98% by 2038. The impact of the IAA is not factored into the projections.
日本品牌仅占欧洲汽车市场的10%多一点，但在电动汽车领域的市场份额徘徊在2%左右。
Japanese brands account for just over 10% of the European auto market, but their share among EVs wallows around 2%.
对日本汽车制造商而言，为欧洲生产电动汽车的设施大多位于该地区之外。丰田有12款电动汽车车型，但几乎所有车型都是从日本和其他国家进口到欧盟的。
For Japanese automakers, most of the facilities that produce EVs for Europe are located outside of the region. Toyota has 12 EV models, but almost all of them are imported to the EU from Japan and other countries.
例外情况包括丰田在法国和葡萄牙的组装厂。这家汽车制造商还在非欧盟国家英国和土耳其运营工厂。丰田计划到2028年在捷克共和国开始生产电动汽车。
Exceptions include Toyota assembly plants in France and Portugal. The automaker also operates plants in the non-EU states of the U.K. and Turkey. Toyota aims to start making EVs in the Czech Republic by 2028.
铃木汽车在匈牙利有一家工厂，但该公司在欧盟销售的电动汽车大多从印度进口。日产汽车在其位于英格兰北部的工厂生产旗舰电动汽车Leaf。
Suzuki Motor has a factory in Hungary, but the company's EVs sold in the EU mostly are imported from India. Nissan Motor produces its flagship EV, the Leaf, at a plant in northern England.
《工业加速器法案》似乎旨在保护本地制造商免受中国竞争对手崛起的冲击。据法国研究公司Inovev报告，2025年中国汽车占欧洲电动汽车销量的11.5%。中国电动汽车的销量增长了90%。
The IAA appears intended to safeguard local manufacturers from the rise of Chinese competitors. Chinese vehicles accounted for 11.5% of European EV sales in 2025, French research firm Inovev reports. The sales volume of Chinese EVs grew by 90%.
大多数中国电动汽车在欧盟以外生产。但近年来，中国汽车制造商一直在收购欧洲的工厂。Stellantis将其西班牙工厂的所有权转让给了与中国零跑汽车的合资企业。
Most Chinese EVs are made outside the EU. But recently, Chinese automakers have been acquiring factories in Europe. Stellantis transferred ownership of its Spanish factory to a joint venture with China's Leapmotor Technology.
“有必要了解（《工业加速器法案》）的细节，并重建供应链，”总部位于东京的Owls Consulting Group首席执行官羽生田庆介表示。
"It'll be necessary to understand the details [of the IAA] and to rebuild the supply chain," said Keisuke Hanyuda, CEO of Tokyo-based Owls Consulting Group.
《工业加速器法案》将在12月前由欧洲议会和欧盟理事会分别审议。如果获得通过，该法案最早将于2028年生效。议员提交修正案的截止日期是周三。
The IAA will be deliberated separately by the European Parliament and the EU Council by December. If adopted, the IAA would take effect as early as 2028. The deadline for lawmakers to submit amendments to the IAA is Wednesday.