芬坎蒂尼海洋集团曾为美国海军开发已取消的“星座”级护卫舰，该公司表示，看到了海军最新小型水面战斗舰计划中可能出现的新机遇。至少有三种外国护卫舰设计正在接受审查，以评估其是否适合海军服役，在海外建造这些舰艇的前景也在审查之中，这是一项预计下个月结束的研究的一部分。芬坎蒂尼希望再次将“星座”级所基于的FREMM设计纳入海军的选项之中。
Fincantieri Marine Group, which developed the cancelled Constellation class frigate for the U.S. Navy, says it sees a possible new opportunity in the service’s latest small surface combatant plans. At least three foreign frigate designs are already under review for possible Navy service, as is the prospect of having them built overseas, as part of a study expected to wrap up next month. Fincantieri wants to once again add the FREMM design, which the was based on, to the Navy’s options.
这家造船厂是其意大利同名母公司的子公司，作为那场失败事件的一部分，曾在美国的造船厂基础设施和供应链上进行了大量投资，但目前尚不清楚这是否足以使新的提案具有吸引力。
The shipyard, which is a subsidiary of its Italian namesake, made significant investments in shipyard infrastructure in the United States and supply chains as part of the debacle, but it is not clear if that will be enough to make a new pitch attractive.
最先报道了芬坎蒂尼可能向海军推销新型护卫舰的可能性。该媒体上周在美国海军工程师学会舰队维护与现代化研讨会上采访了芬坎蒂尼海洋集团首席执行官乔治·穆塔菲斯。今年早些时候曾就“星座”级项目的失败与穆塔菲斯进行了深入交谈，我们现已再次联系该公司，以获取有关新前景的更多信息。
first reported on the possibility of a new Fincantieri frigate pitch to the Navy yesterday. The outlet had spoken to Fincantieri Marine Group CEO George Moutafis at the American Society of Naval Engineers Fleet Maintenance and Modernization Symposium last week. spoke at length with Moutafis about the failure of the class program earlier this year, and we have reached back out to the company for more information about new prospects now.
穆塔菲斯告诉：“目前，海军和[特朗普]政府可以与我们找到合适的对话方式，以一种能够实现快速启动和迅速建造、而不让设计螺旋上升阻碍进程的方式来设定[开发]工作。‘接受现有且运行良好的设计，并开始建造，以便为舰队交付舰艇。’”此外，据报道，“穆塔菲斯表示，造船厂在‘星座’级项目期间建立的供应链，只需少量修改即可应用于芬坎蒂尼的FREMM EVO设计，以避免导致‘星座’级取消的设计反复更改。”
“Right now the Navy and the [Trump] administration could find the right type of dialog with us to set [development] up in a way that enables quick setup and swift construction without letting design spirals get in the way,” Moutafis told . “Accept the design that is and works well, and start work on it to get units out there for the fleet.”In addition, “Moutafis said the supply chain the shipyard built during the could be applied to Fincantieri’s FREMM EVO design with few modifications to avoid the design churn that led to the cancellation of the ,” according to .
该舰级衍生自法意合作的FREMM（多用途巡防舰），该舰型旨在提供防空、反潜和反舰作战能力的混合组合。该计划的明确意图是采购一款基于成熟、在产“母版”设计的巡防舰，仅需进行相对较小的改动，从而降低成本和风险。最终，该舰级与FREMM的设计共性仅为15%，导致延期及其他问题，直接促成了其取消。然而，海军对小型水面战斗舰艇的需求并未消失。我们稍后将回到这一点。
The class was derived from the Franco-Italian FREMM, a multi-purpose frigate designed to offer a mix of anti-air, anti-submarine, and anti-surface warfare capabilities. The explicit intent of the program had been to acquire a frigate based on an established, in-production ‘parent’ design, to which only relatively minor changes would have to be made, helping to reduce cost and risk. In the end, only had 15 percent design commonality with FREMM, causing delays and other issues that directly contributed to its cancellation. However, the Navy’s demand for smaller surface combatants has not gone away. We will come back to this all in a moment.
2024年，芬坎蒂尼造船集团发布了FREMM EVO（“演进”意），并获得意大利海军两艘的订单。今年7月，葡萄牙宣布也将采购三艘FREMM EVO。
Fincantieri unveiled FREMM EVO (for “evolution”), along with an order for two of them for the Italian Navy, in 2024. In July of this year, Portugal announced it would also be buying three FREMM EVOs.
根据芬坎蒂尼官网数据，FREMM EVO全长近472.5英尺（144米），最大舷宽约64.6英尺（19.7米），满载排水量6,500吨。其舰体尺寸和排水量基本与基线型FREMM的意大利子型号保持一致。EVO型将采用新的上层建筑布局，并搭载一系列新能力。
As designed, the FREMM EVO is close to 472.5 feet (144 meters) long, is some 64.6 feet (19.7 meters) at its widest, and displaces 6,500 tons with a full combat load, according to Fincantieri’s website. Its hull dimensions and displacement are essentially unchanged from the Italian subvariant of the baseline FREMM. The EVO will have a new superstructure configuration and a host of new capabilities.
EVO型最显著的新特性将是全新的列奥纳多“克洛诺斯”双频段雷达（DBR）。该雷达将C频段“克洛诺斯四面阵”与X频段“克洛诺斯星火”融合为单一系统，在上层建筑周围布设四组成对的有源电子扫描阵列（AESA）。总体而言，这种雷达组合方式可为执行多种不同任务并实现同步作业提供优势。将两个阵列的数据融合能力有助于生成高保真目标航迹及其他收益。与此同时，双频段雷达历来存在复杂性，可能导致集成和操作方面出现严重困难。
The most notable new feature on the EVO version is set to be a new Leonardo Kronos Dual-Band Radar (DBR). The Kronos DBR combines the C-band Kronos Quad and the X-band Kronos StarFire into a single system with four paired sets of active electronically scanned arrays (AESA) positioned around the superstructure. In general, combining radars in this way can offer advantages for performing a variety of different tasks and doing so simultaneously. The ability to fuse data from both arrays together can help produce high-fidelity target tracks and other benefits. At the same time, DBRs have historically presented complexities that can cause serious difficulties with both integration and operation.
除其他功能外，DBR 将赋予 FREMM EVO 扩展能力，利用“阿斯特”30 型舰空导弹在飞行末端阶段拦截来袭弹道导弹。反舰弹道导弹已成为全球海军在未来冲突中可能切实遭遇的威胁，即使面对的是小国或非国家行为体。目前全球正出现一种趋势，即研发新型反弹道导弹防御系统，以保护单个军舰，并协助防御其他海军资产及岸上利益。
Among other things, the DBR is set to give the FREMM EVO expanded capability to knock down incoming ballistic missiles in the terminal phase of flight using Aster 30 surface-to-air missiles. Anti-ship ballistic missiles have become a threat that navies globally could realistically encounter in future conflicts, even against smaller nation states or non-state actors. There is a trend emerging worldwide now in the development of new anti-ballistic missile defenses to protect individual warships, as well as help defend other naval assets and interests ashore.
基础型 FREMM 已可从舰艏端的 16 个“银杏”垂直发射系统单元发射“阿斯特”30 型导弹以及“阿斯特”16 型导弹。EVO 预留了集成额外 VLS 单元的空间，但目前尚不清楚是否有客户正在推进该选项。
Baseline FREMM frigates can already fire Aster 30 missiles, as well as Aster 16s, from any of their 16 Sylver vertical launch system cells at the bow end of the ship. EVO has space allotted for the integration of additional VLS cells, but it is unclear whether any current customers are pursuing that option.
在武器装备方面，与基础型 FREMM 一样，EVO 型也将配备甲板安装的 8 枚反舰巡航导弹发射器、两座三联装鱼雷发射管、两座 76 毫米舰炮，以及各类小口径自动炮和机枪。
In terms of armament, like the baseline FREMM, the EVO configuration will also have deck-mounted launchers for eight anti-ship cruise missiles, two triple torpedo tubes, two turreted 76mm guns, and various smaller automatic cannons and machine guns.
与基础设计相比，FREMM EVO 的传感器套件、电子战和通信系统等其他部分也将得到改进。所有这些将通过莱昂纳多公司的 SADOC 4 战斗管理系统 (CMS) 进行集成。
FREMM EVO is to feature improvements to other parts of its sensor package, as well as electronic warfare and communications suites, compared to the baseline design. This will all be tied into a SADOC 4 combat management system (CMS) from Leonardo.
此外，这种新型 FREMM 配置还将拥有一套新的专用反无人机能力组件，这是另一个当前非常真实、且规模和范围持续扩大的威胁类别。
On top of all this, this new FREMM configuration will have a new dedicated suite of counter-drone capabilities, another threat category that is very real now, and that only continues to expand in scale and scope.
“FREMM EVO既代表了一个里程碑，确认了其舰载电子战系统兼具成熟度与创新性的能力，也标志着首次为海军提供先进的反无人机对抗能力，”ELT集团在2024年的一份声明中表示，该集团正为反无人机套件提供组件。“后者将实现对无人机的探测、识别、辨认及软杀伤拦截。海军反无人机系统（CUAS）项目源于Elettronica公司多年来在该领域积累的专业技术，从而开发出专门针对无人机威胁的复杂人工智能算法。”
“FREMM EVO represents a milestone both in confirming the ability to combine maturity and innovation in its EW systems that will be on board, and for the first naval supply of an advanced anti-drone counter capability,” ELT Group, which is supplying components for the counter-drone suite, said in a statement back in 2024, according to . “The latter will allow both the detection, recognition and identification of drones and their soft-kill counter. The project of a naval CUAS arises from the expertise acquired by Elettronica in this capacity for several years now, which have led to the development of sophisticated Artificial Intelligence algorithms developed specifically for countering the threat posed by drones.”
在向美国海军推介新方案时，FREMM EVO拥有作为在产型号的优势。如前所述，芬坎蒂尼公司此前一直在扩建威斯康星州马里内特造船厂的设施，以建造同级别护卫舰，但该计划后来被取消。正如Moutafis向所强调的，该造船商拥有成熟的相关供应链，可为该船厂提供支持。
When it comes to a new pitch to the U.S. Navy, FREMM EVO does have the benefit of being an in-production design. As mentioned, Fincantieri had also been working to expand its facilities at the Marinette Marine shipyard in Wisconsin to build similarly-sized class frigates before that program was cancelled. The shipbuilder has relevant established supply chains to feed into that yard, as well, as Moutafis highlighted to .
在今年早些时候接受我们采访时，Moutafis还谈到了从该项目中吸取的重要经验教训，他认为这些经验已对美国海军的业务流程产生了积极影响。
In speaking to us earlier this year, Moutafis also talked about important lessons learned from the program, which he felt were already having a positive impact the U.S. Navy way of doing business.
“过去几个月海军推出的一些新举措，体现了从级舰项目中吸取的部分经验教训——一种赋予海军投资组合采购主管（PAE）决策权、最小化变更、拥抱创新和新技术的新方法，”他说。“我们现在看到推出的所有这些要素，我认为在一定程度上都与从级舰历程中吸取的教训有关。”
“Some of those lessons learned out of are being manifested in the things that the Navy has been rolling out the past few months – a new approach that empowers PAEs [Navy Portfolio Acquisition Executives] to make decisions, to minimize change, to embrace innovation and new technologies,” he said. “All these elements that we see now being rolled out, I think to a certain degree, connect back to lessons that have been learned out of the class journey.”
当被问及具体例子时，他补充道：“弄清楚你想优先考虑什么，在多大程度上优先考虑进度，以及表达这一点的最佳方式。当你知道何时需要交付某样东西以及以何种节奏交付时，就要授权相应层级的决策。因为否则的话——我不想表达得不对——但追求完美有时不仅是‘足够好’的敌人，更是更多事物的敌人。”
“Figure out what you want to prioritize, to what extent you want to prioritize schedule, and what’s the best way to say this,” he added when asked for specific examples of what he was talking about. “When you know when you need something delivered and at what pace, then enable the right level of decision-making. Because otherwise – I don’t want to sound this the wrong way – but perfection sometimes is the enemy of more than good enough.”
“超越级舰层面，现在的需求是让舰艇尽快投入战斗人员使用。可以肯定，我们将看到许多这样的情况：一艘具备这些能力的舰艇——即使在某些方面可能没有足够吨位的钢材护舷，或者其他什么——也足以协助即将冒险前行的战斗人员，”他当时还补充道。“这些权衡现在被置于PAE层面，允许该层级的海军领导做出正确决策——弄清楚是继续陷入设计螺旋，还是直接推进生产，让我们能按时为战斗人员提供正确的能力。”
“Going beyond the class, now the needs are for vessels to be out there for the warfighter as soon as possible. For sure, we will see many cases where it will be considered that a vessel with these capabilities – even though potentially, in some areas, it may not have enough tons of steel on its sides, or whatever – it will be good enough to assist the warfighter as they head into harm’s way,” he also added at that time. “Those trade-offs are now being placed at the PAE level, allowing Navy leaders at that level to make the right decisions – figuring out whether to continue going down a design spiral versus just moving out with production and enabling us to have the right capabilities on time for the warfighter.”
当穆塔菲斯接受我们采访时，海军已经发布了新的FF(X)护卫舰计划，并宣布计划采购基于亨廷顿·英格尔斯工业公司（HII）级国家安全快艇设计衍生型号的舰艇，供美国海岸警卫队使用。值得注意的是，这些护卫舰最初至少将不配备垂直发射系统（VLS）阵列，以及曾被视为级舰关键特性的其他功能。
When Moutafis spoke with us, the Navy had already unveiled a new FF(X) frigate program and announced plans to buy examples of a design derived from the Huntington Ingalls Industries’ (HII) class National Security Cutter for the U.S. Coast Guard. Those frigates will notably lack a VLS array, at least initially, along with other features that were seen as critical to class.
海军已概述计划，通过加装集装箱化武器系统和配套的无人水面舰艇编队，来弥补“星座”级（FF(X)）预置能力相对有限的短板。所有这些都已引发关于这些小型水面战斗舰作战效用的重大辩论，此前已对此进行过详细探讨。
The Navy has outlined plans to offset the more limited baked-in capabilities of the FF(X)s with add-on containerized weapon systems and companion fleets of uncrewed surface vessels. All of this has already prompted significant debate about the operational utility of these small surface combatants, as has previously explored in detail.
8月，特朗普总统发布了一份备忘录，其中部分指示时任代理海军部长洪曹（Hung Cao）“提交一份计划……包含时间表和资源需求，采用新的竞争性采购方式，获取具备足够固有能力执行反潜战、水面作战和护航任务的水面战斗舰。”该备忘录还概述了一种被称为“芬兰模式”的采购策略，即外国造船商必须在美国企业进行大额投资并雇佣美国工人，作为任何未来合同的一部分，即使首批舰艇是在海外建造的。
In August, President Trump put out a memo that, in part, directed then-Acting Secretary of the Navy Hung Cao to “submit a plan … that includes timelines and resourcing requirements, for a new competitive acquisition approach for surface combatants with sufficient inherent capabilities to perform anti‑submarine warfare, surface warfare, and convoy escort duties.”The memo also outlined an acquisition strategy referred to as the “Finland Model,” in which foreign shipbuilders would have to make major investments in U.S. enterprises and hire American workers as part of any future contract, even if an initial tranche of vessels is built overseas.
这进而导致了上述正在进行的外国军舰研究，据报道该研究正在深入探讨日本“最上”级、韩国“蔚山”级和土耳其“伊斯坦布尔”级的优劣，您可在此处找到这些舰级的深度简介。
This, in turn, has led to the aforementioned foreign warship study ongoing now, which is reportedly exploring the merits of Japan’s class, the South Korean class, and the class from Turkey, in-depth profiles of which you can find here.
美国海军是否会采购其目前正在研究的任何舰艇，或者是否愿意考虑芬坎蒂尼或其他造船商的额外提案，仍有待观察。如果要取得成功，任何利用在产外国护卫舰设计的新尝试，都必须采取切实措施，避免重蹈“星座”级的设计变更覆辙。海军在尽早定型设计并在研发初期生产中将变更降至最低方面的挣扎，也影响了其他几项国内海军造船项目。
Whether or not the U.S. Navy will pursue the acquisition of any of the ships it is studying now, or whether it might be willing to consider additional pitches from Fincantieri or other shipbuilders, remains to be seen. If it is to be successful, any new attempt to leverage an in-production foreign frigate design will have to take concrete steps to avoid falling into the same design change pitfalls as the class. The Navy’s struggles with solidifying designs early and keeping changes to a minimum during development initial production have impacted several domestic naval shipbuilding efforts, too.
对于芬坎蒂尼公司而言，尽管海军在该计划的失败中扮演了核心角色，但还有一个额外问题：海军是否有意在舆论层面上，不仅回到同一家造船商，而且回到同一基础母型设计（FREMM）。
For Fincantieri, while the Navy played a central role in the failure of the program, there is the additional matter of whether the service is interested in any way in the optics of not only going back to the same shipbuilder, but the same underlying parent design (FREMM).
部分国会议员强烈反对任何涉及在外国船厂生产的计划。尽管长期以来对美国造船厂产能的担忧以及扩大该工业基础的持续障碍依然存在。在此背景下，在马里内特海洋公司国内建造护卫舰的新提议可能会受到欢迎，但芬坎蒂尼公司已签约在同一船厂为海军建造新型中型登陆舰（LSM）。LSM是海军在经历多年延误后也在试图加速推进的另一个项目。
Some members of Congress have been very vocally pushing back on any plan that involves production in foreign shipyards. This is despite long-standing concerns about the capacity of U.S. shipyards and persistent hurdles to growing that industrial base. In this context, a new offer to build frigates domestically at Marinette Marine could find welcoming ears, but Fincantieri is also already on contract to build new Medium Landing Ships (LSM) for the Navy at this same yard. LSM is another program the service has also been trying to accelerate after years of delays.
目前也不清楚任何额外的护卫舰采购计划将对现有的FF(X)护卫舰计划意味着什么，以及因此可能会带来何种程度的造船资源竞争。
It’s also unclear what any additional frigate procurement program might mean for the existing FF(X) frigate program, and what level of additional competition there might be for shipbuilding resources, as a result.
“就我们将走哪条路径而言——我不会抢在流程前面——但[研究所有选项]基本上就是我们正在做的事情，”海军少将、项目组合采购执行官海事（PAE-M）办公室主任凯西·莫顿上周在研讨会上也表示，据报道。“我不会抢在我们针对总统备忘录的应对行动前面。”“我们刚刚完成了FF(X)‘飞行I’型的关键设计评审（CDR），因此我们正与HII公司开展一些前期生产活动，以帮助为该物料做准备，”莫顿还指出。海军过去曾表示，目标是到2028年让首艘FF(X)护卫舰下水。
“In terms of which path we go – I’m not going to get ahead of that process – but [studying all options is] essentially what we’re doing,” Navy Rear Adm. Casey Moton, head of the Portfolio Acquisition Executive Maritime (PAE-M) office, also said at the symposium last week, according to . “I am not going to get ahead of what we are doing in response to the presidential memo.”“We just went through CDR [the critical design review] on the Flight I [of FF(X)], and so we’re doing some pre-production activities with HII to help prepare for that material,” Moton also noted. The Navy has said in the past that it is aiming to have the first FF(X) frigate in the water by 2028.
海军的驱逐舰舰队“在作战司令部的高需求信号下被频繁使用。海军无法仅依靠单一尺寸的舰艇运作”，副助理部长（采购与保障）布莱恩·梅特卡夫海军少将在六月份的一段官方视频中也表示，进一步强调了这些新型小型水面战斗舰艇的普遍需求。“[FF(X)]护卫舰将填补这一空白。它们可用于争议较小的水域，也可用作高价值目标的护航舰。护卫舰可以在诸多方面填补空白，使驱逐舰能够执行高端任务集。”
The Navy’s fleet of class destroyers “gets used with a very high demand signal combatant commanders. The Navy can’t operate with only one size of ship,” Rear Adm. Brian Metcalf, Deputy PAE-M, also said in an official video in June, further underscoring the general demand for these new smaller surface combatants. “The [FF(X)] frigate will fill that gap. They can be used in less contentious waters. They can be used as high-value escorts. There are all kinds of things the frigate can fill the gap for and allow destroyers to execute the high-end mission set.”
有迹象表明，一款新设计的外国护卫舰可能已进入海军的未来规划。随着目前正在进行的审查工作完成，海军可能会对其推进方式有更清晰的愿景，并判断是否还有空间让芬坎蒂尼（Fincantieri）等其他公司参与竞标。
Signs that a new foreign-designed frigate could be in the Navy’s future have already been growing. The service may have a clearer vision for how to proceed, and whether there might be room for additional pitches from Fincanterai and others, after the review it is working through now is complete. The post Shipbuilder Behind Failed Constellation Class Wants Back Into The U.S. Navy Frigate Game