关键事实：在唐纳德·特朗普总统推动国会选区重新划分近440天后，美国所有州的众议院选区划分终于最终确定。
DAVID A. LIEB Roughly 440 days after President Donald Trump spurred a mid-decade redrawing of congressional maps, the voting districts for the consequential midterm elections finally are settled in all U.S. states.
上周末，美国最高法院的裁决结束了密苏里州长期存在的法律纠纷——该州应使用哪张众议院选区地图。裁决结果为：密苏里州必须继续使用2024年选举时使用的选区地图，而不能采用特朗普支持的新的选区划分方案。
A U.S. Supreme Court decision late last week put to rest a long-running legal battle in Missouri over which U.S. House map to use. The conclusion: Missouri must use the same map it did in the 2024 elections, not a new one backed by Trump.
特朗普总统在社交媒体上表达了对这一裁决的不满。不过，他的选区重新划分计划确实在其他几个州取得了成功。以下是各州选区重新划分情况的详细数据：美国最高法院三次驳回了密苏里州使用新选区地图的尝试（该新地图曾在8月的初选中被使用）；但密苏里州最高法院表示，除非获得选民在11月公投中的批准，否则不得再次使用该新地图。然而，联邦下级法院法官裁定，在初选之后更改选区划分违反了美国宪法。这些相互矛盾的裁决令选民感到困惑和沮丧。
The Republican president took to social media Sunday to express his displeasure with the decision. But Trump’s redistricting push did succeed in several other states. Here’s a look, by the numbers, at the redistricting battle waged in states: The U.S. Supreme Court said `no’ three times to attempts to use a new Republican-drawn Missouri congressional map in the November election. The new map was used in the August primary. But the Missouri Supreme Court said it could not be used again unless approved by voters in a November referendum. Federal lower court judges , however, ruled it violated the U.S. Constitution to switch districts after a primary. The conflicting rulings caused confusion and frustration for voters.
最终，美国最高法院在周五作出了明确裁决，支持密苏里州最高法院的立场。
The U.S. Supreme Court said `no’ three times to attempts to use a new Republican-drawn Missouri congressional map in the November election. The new map was used in the August primary. But the Missouri Supreme Court said it could not be used again unless approved by voters in a November referendum. Federal lower court judges , however, ruled it violated the U.S. Constitution to switch districts after a primary. The conflicting rulings caused confusion and frustration for voters.
各州的选区重新划分情况：
The U.S. Supreme Court ultimately upheld the position of the Missouri high court, with a final emphatic ruling coming Friday.
德克萨斯州是第一个根据特朗普的指示（2025年7月）采用新众议院选区的州；
The U.S. Supreme Court ultimately upheld the position of the Missouri high court, with a final emphatic ruling coming Friday.
由民主党主导的加利福尼亚州也制定了新的选区划分方案，旨在抵消共和党在德克萨斯州可能取得的优势；
Texas was the first state to adopt new U.S. House districts after Trump urged Republicans to do so in July 2025. Democratic-led California responded with new districts intended to offset the potential GOP gains in Texas. Then more Republican-led states redistricted. Several Southern states joined the redistricting fray after a U.S. Supreme Court ruling in April weakened federal Voting Rights Act protections for districts with large minority populations.
随后，更多由共和党主导的州也进行了选区重新划分；
Texas was the first state to adopt new U.S. House districts after Trump urged Republicans to do so in July 2025. Democratic-led California responded with new districts intended to offset the potential GOP gains in Texas. Then more Republican-led states redistricted. Several Southern states joined the redistricting fray after a U.S. Supreme Court ruling in April weakened federal Voting Rights Act protections for districts with large minority populations.
在美国最高法院4月作出的裁决削弱了针对少数族裔人口密集选区的《投票权法》保护措施后，多个南部州也加入了选区重新划分的行列。
Texas was the first state to adopt new U.S. House districts after Trump urged Republicans to do so in July 2025. Democratic-led California responded with new districts intended to offset the potential GOP gains in Texas. Then more Republican-led states redistricted. Several Southern states joined the redistricting fray after a U.S. Supreme Court ruling in April weakened federal Voting Rights Act protections for districts with large minority populations.
总的来说，今年阿拉巴马州、加利福尼亚州、佛罗里达州、路易斯安那州、北卡罗来纳州、俄亥俄州、田纳西州、德克萨斯州和犹他州都重新划分了国会选区。除了加利福尼亚州和犹他州外，所有这些州的选区划分都对共和党有利；在加利福尼亚州和犹他州，新的选区划分反而可能对民主党有利。如果所有选区的划分都按计划进行，共和党可能会多获得9个席位；但如果民主党表现良好，这一数字可能会减少。
All told, new congressional districts are being used this year in Alabama, California, Florida, Louisiana, North Carolina, Ohio, Tennessee, Texas and Utah. All favor Republicans except in California and Utah, where the new boundaries could help Democrats. If the districts all played out as designed, Republicans could net up to nine additional seats, but a good year for Democrats could reduce that tally.
据美联社估计，由于选区重新划分，全国约有十分之一的潜在选民在11月的选举中所属的国会选区与2024年时的选区不同。其中，德克萨斯州有超过690万潜在选民的选区发生了变化，加利福尼亚州有超过630万，佛罗里达州有超过450万。由于州法院的裁决，犹他州约69%的潜在选民的选区也发生了变化。
As a result of redistricting, about one in 10 potential voters nationwide are in different congressional districts for the November election than they were in the 2024 elections, according to an Associated Press estimate. That includes more than 6.9 million potential voters in Texas, over 6.3 million in California and more than 4.5 million in Florida. About 69% of Utah’s potential voters have new district numbers as a result of a state court decision .
选区重新划分在许多州都产生了连锁反应。在田纳西州，共和党对民主党控制的孟菲斯第9国会选区进行了大规模的调整；但这导致了第5国会选区的人口分布发生更大变化（该选区此前位于田纳西州中部）。该州原有的9个众议院选区中有7个的边界被重新划定。
The redistricting carried ripple effects in many states. In Tennessee, Republicans targeted the Democratic-held 9th Congressional District in Memphis for big changes. But that resulted in even bigger population shifts for the 5th Congressional District, which previously was based in central Tennessee. Seven of the state’s nine U.S. House districts ended up with new boundaries.
选区重新划分的斗争尚未结束。马里兰州和密苏里州的11月选举结果可能会为下一次总统选举前的选区重新划分铺平道路。密西西比州和纽约州的立法者已经开始着手进行选区重新划分的工作。在那些今年尝试过但未能成功重新划分选区的州（包括乔治亚州、印第安纳州、南卡罗来纳州和弗吉尼亚州），重新划分选区的议题可能会再次被提上议程。此外，11月的州立法机构和州长选举结果可能会为更多州（包括明尼苏达州、宾夕法尼亚州和威斯康星州）的党派性选区划分行为创造新的机会。
The redistricting battles aren’t over. November ballot issues in Maryland and Missouri could pave the way for new U.S. House districts ahead of the next presidential election. Lawmakers in Mississippi and New York already are taking steps toward redistricting. The potential for new congressional maps could be back on the agenda in several states that tried but failed this year, including Georgia, Indiana, South Carolina and Virginia. And the outcome of state legislative and gubernatorial elections in November could create new possibilities for partisan gerrymandering in more states, including Minnesota, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin.
本文由美联社驻华盛顿的记者汉娜·雷希特（Hannah Recht）撰写。
Associated Press journalist Hannah Recht in Washington contributed.