阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯——阿根廷总统哈维尔·米莱周一表示，该国政府将就英国在争议中的福克兰群岛（该群岛目前由英国控制）附近进行的石油项目寻求国际仲裁，这加剧了围绕资源争夺的紧张局势，该局势可能会改变这个人口稀少的南大西洋群岛的经济状况。
ISABEL DEBRE BUENOS AIRES, Argentina — Argentine President Javier Milei said Monday that his government would seek international arbitration against the U.K. over an oil project off the disputed, U.K.-controlled Falkland Islands, escalating a clash over resources that could transform the economy of the sparsely populated South Atlantic archipelago.
米莱的办公室称，他们已给英国两周时间，要求其停止以色列Navitas Petroleum公司和英国Rockhopper Exploration公司正在开发的“Sea Lion”海上油田项目的施工。否则，阿根廷将请求位于汉堡的国际海洋法法庭（International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea）下令暂时停止该项目。
Milei’s office said it had given the U.K. two weeks to halt work on Sea Lion, an offshore oilfield being developed by Israel’s Navitas Petroleum and the U.K.’s Rockhopper Exploration. Otherwise, Argentina would ask the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, a Hamburg-based maritime court, to order a temporary halt to the project.
总统声明中表示：“阿根廷不会坐视不管”，并指责英国“对阿根廷的主权权利造成了不可逆转、无法弥补的损害”。
“Argentina will not stand idly by,” the presidential statement said, accusing the U.K. of causing “irreversible and irreparable” harm to Argentina’s sovereign rights.
该国际海洋法法庭是根据1982年《联合国海洋法公约》设立的独立海事法庭，有权发布具有法律约束力的紧急命令。但即使法庭下令英国停止该项目，也无力强制英国政府遵守这一命令。
The tribunal, an independent maritime court in Hamburg, Germany, established under the 1982 U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea, can issue legally binding emergency orders. But even if it ordered the U.K. to halt the project, it has no means of forcing the government to comply.
英国拒绝承认阿根廷的主权主张，认为群岛上的居民有权决定自己的未来并开发自己的自然资源。在2013年举行的一次公投中，福克兰群岛的居民以压倒性多数票决定继续作为英国的海外领土。阿根廷则认为这些岛屿是非法被英国占领的。
The U.K. rejects Argentina’s sovereignty claim, arguing that the islanders have the right to determine their own future and develop their natural resources. In a referendum in 2013, residents of the Falklands voted overwhelmingly to remain a British overseas territory. Argentina contends the islands were populated illegally.
阿根廷外交部长巴勃罗·基尔诺称米莱的这一举措是阿根廷近两个世纪以来为争取群岛主权而进行的斗争中的“一个历史性、前所未有的步骤”。
Foreign Minister Pablo Quirno hailed Milei’s move as “a historic and unprecedented step” in Argentina’s nearly two-century campaign to secure sovereignty over the archipelago.
他在社交媒体X上写道：“任何未经阿根廷授权就在马尔维纳斯群岛（Falklands）勘探或开发我们自然资源的人，都必须承担相应的后果。”
“Whoever explores or exploits our natural resources in the Malvinas without Argentine authorization must face the consequences,” he wrote on X, using Argentina’s name for the islands.
米莱自称为“无政府资本主义者”，最初试图与英国建立更加友好的关系。然而，他的这种和解态度引发了民族主义者的强烈反对；他们不仅批评他的立场，还公开表示对他表示钦佩——米莱曾对玛格丽特·撒切尔（英国前首相）怀有敬意。撒切尔在战争期间下令收复这些岛屿，因此在阿根廷国内备受憎恶。这场短暂而残酷的战争始于1982年，当时阿根廷军事独裁政权入侵了该群岛，导致649名阿根廷士兵、255名英国军人以及3名岛民丧生。
Milei, a self-described “anarcho-capitalist,” initially sought warmer ties with Britain, drawing scorn from nationalist opponents for his conciliatory stance and professed admiration for Margaret Thatcher , the wartime British prime minister loathed in Argentina for ordering the islands’ recapture. The brief but bloody war, which erupted when the Argentine military dictatorship invaded the archipelago in 1982, killed 649 Argentine troops, 255 British service members and three islanders.
然而，随着这些岛屿附近的石油开采工作预计将于2028年开始，米莱的立场变得越来越对抗性。作为阿根廷领导人的亲密盟友，美国总统唐纳德·特朗普也曾表示可能会重新考虑美国在这一争端中的长期中立立场。
But Milei has taken an increasingly confrontational stance as oil production near the islands approaches its anticipated start in 2028. U.S. President Donald Trump, a close ally of the Argentine leader, has also suggested he could reconsider Washington’s longstanding neutrality in the dispute.
上周，米莱在联合国大会上的演讲中专门讨论了阿根廷的主权主张，指责联合国忽视了这一冲突，并谴责相关石油项目是对阿根廷资源的非法开发。他威胁要对参与这些项目的公司实施制裁，并向国会提交了一项法案，该法案规定：未经阿根廷授权在这些岛屿周边开采资源的行为将面临最高20年的监禁处罚；该法案还将处罚范围扩展到渔业——而渔业一直是这些岛屿经济的支柱产业。
Last week, Milei dedicated a substantial portion of his U.N. General Assembly speech to Argentina’s sovereignty claim, accusing the international body of neglecting the conflict and denouncing the oil project as an illegal exploitation of Argentine resources. He has threatened sanctions against companies involved and sent Congress legislation proposing prison terms of up to 20 years for extracting resources around the islands without Argentine authorization. The bill would also extend penalties to fishing, the bedrock of the islands’ economy.
本月，一位阿根廷法官也下令暂停“海狮”（Sea Lion）项目的施工，等待环境评估结果，不过这项命令的实际执行可能性仍然很低。
An Argentine judge this month also ordered a halt to work on Sea Lion pending an environmental review, although enforcement remains unlikely.
批评者指出，米莱利用这一能够跨越阿根廷国内严重政治分歧的主权问题，在明年总统选举前夕争取公众支持；因为他的支持率正在下降，同时阿根廷的经济也面临困境。
Critics accuse Milei of using the sovereignty claim — one of the few causes that cuts across the country’s stark political divisions — to shore up public support ahead of next year’s presidential election as his approval ratings slide and the economy falters .