根据一项在东京与北京政治关系紧张的背景下进行的调查，目前在中国经营的日本企业数量较2012年的峰值下降了近30%，过去两年内更是减少了22%。
The number of Japanese companies operating in China has fallen nearly 30 per cent since its peak in 2012 and is down 22 per cent over the past two years, according to a survey conducted amid renewed political tensions between Beijing and Tokyo.
根据企业信用研究及商业情报机构Teikoku Databank周一发布的调查和分析报告，截至6月，共有10,118家日本企业在华开展业务，这一数字是自2010年以来的最低水平。
As of June, 10,118 Japanese enterprises were identified as having a presence in China, the lowest number since 2010, according to a survey and analysis released on Monday by the corporate credit research and business intelligence firm Teikoku Databank.
该研究还发现，自2024年上次调查以来，仅有1,221家新日本企业进入中国市场；这一数字甚至低于2020至2022年疫情期间企业进入中国的总数。同时，有4,137家日本企业已从中国撤出或无法被追踪到其业务动态。
The research also turned up 1,221 new Japanese entrants in China since the last survey in 2024, less than the total during the depressed Covid-19 pandemic years between 2020 and 2022. It identified 4,137 companies that had withdrawn from China or could not be accounted for since the last survey.
Teikoku Databank的调研数据来源于一个包含约151万家企业的数据库、相关的信用调查报告文件以及公开可获取的信息。该机构重点追踪了日本企业在华子公司的运营情况、其关联公司的活动以及这些企业在华设立的办事处。
Tokyo-based Teikoku Databank drew its findings from a database of about 1.51 million companies, a credit investigation report file containing some 2 million companies and publicly available information. It tracked the activity of Chinese subsidiaries of Japanese firms, their affiliated companies and the establishment of representative offices.
Teikoku Databank在其最新的调查报告中指出，2012年日本企业在华的数量达到了历史最高峰（14,394家），这也是该机构连续第九次发布此类调查报告。
The highest recorded number of Japanese companies with a presence in China was 14,394 in 2012, Teikoku Databank said in its latest survey, the ninth in a series.
去年11月，日本首相高市宪司表示在台海发生冲突时东京可能派遣军队，这一言论令北京感到不满，导致中日关系急剧恶化。此后，由于北京采取了系列报复措施，中日之间的直飞航班、中国游客赴日旅游以及其他商业往来均大幅减少。
China-Japan relations soured in November last year when Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi upset Beijing by suggesting that Tokyo could deploy military forces in the event of a conflict in the Taiwan Strait. Since then, direct China-Japan flights, Chinese tourism to Japan and other commercial exchanges have declined after Beijing launched a series of retaliatory measures in response to Takaichi’s remarks.
总部位于东京的Sasakawa和平基金会战略与威慑项目主任山本胜也表示：“中国无疑仍将是世界上最大、最具吸引力的市场之一。”
“China will undoubtedly remain one of the world’s largest and most attractive markets,” said Katsuya Yamamoto, director of the Tokyo-based Sasakawa Peace Foundation’s Strategy and Deterrence Programme.
然而，他补充道，除非北京改善外资企业的营商环境，并为“双边关系稳定”作出贡献，否则日本企业不太可能像过去几十年那样进行扩张。
However, he added that unless Beijing improved the business environment for foreign enterprises and contributed to “stabilisation of bilateral relations”, Japanese companies were unlikely to expand as they did in previous decades.
中国凭借其庞大的市场和供应链融合，长期以来深受日本企业青睐。调查公司表示，今年在华经营的日本企业中，从事制造业的比例超过40%，占比最大，其次是批发贸易。
China has long been prized by Japanese corporations for its huge market and supply-chain integration. More than 40 per cent of Japanese companies operating in China this year were engaged in manufacturing, the largest share of the total, followed by wholesale trade, the survey firm said.
帝国数据银行表示，近年来日本投资者遭遇了中国的“房地产衰退”、中国限制稀土出口、“产能过剩问题”以及与政府支持的中国企业的价格竞争。它表示，这些因素加剧了“日中关系恶化”。
Teikoku Databank said that in recent years Japanese investors had run up against a “real estate recession” in China, restrictions on rare earth exports from China, “overproduction issues” and price competition with government-backed Chinese companies. Those factors added to a “deterioration of Japan-China relations”, it said.
帝国数据银行表示，一些企业正在评估“在华经营的不可预见风险”。
Teikoku Databank said that some companies were sizing up the “unforeseeable risks of doing business in China”.
“将生产基地迁移并分散至越南等东南亚国家以及日本国内，以重组供应链的趋势也很明显，中国作为廉价生产基地的重要性下降，是影响中小企业缩减或撤出在华业务的一个因素，”它表示。文/拉尔夫·詹宁斯
“The trend of restructuring supply chains by relocating and diversifying bases to Southeast Asian countries such as Vietnam and within Japan is also noticeable, and the declining importance of China as a cheap production base is a factor influencing the reduction or withdrawal of Chinese businesses by small and medium-sized enterprises,” it said. By Ralph Jennings