在乌克兰东部，每次俄罗斯发动袭击后，紧急救援人员都必须迅速行动。下一次袭击随时可能到来。
Emergency workers have to move fast after each Russian attack in eastern Ukraine. Another could come at any moment.
炮击正在慢慢摧毁克拉马托尔斯克和斯拉维扬斯克，这两个城市是乌克兰“堡垒带”的关键环节。随着制导炸弹、导弹和无人机让生活变得无法忍受，疏散命令正在扩大。
The shelling is slowly destroying Kramatorsk and Sloviansk, crucial links in Ukraine’s “fortress belt.”Evacuation orders are being expanded as guided bombs, missiles and drones make life unbearable.
留下来的人中许多是老年人。他们依赖那些全天候工作的急救人员。
Many of those who remain are older people. They rely on first responders who work around the clock.
又一个残酷的冬天临近，居民们说，俄罗斯一心要摧毁它未能征服的一切。
As another cruel winter nears, residents say Russia is bent on obliterating what it has failed to conquer.
拯救乌克兰两座“堡垒城市”的救援人员 2026年9月29日 当爆炸声在克拉马托尔斯克响起时，亚历山大·奇文科夫和他指挥的警察急救队并不会立即赶往现场。相反，他们会先倾听。
The Rescuers Keeping Two Ukrainian ‘Fortress Cities’ Alive Sept. 29, 2026 When explosions ring out across Kramatorsk, Oleksandr Chyvenkov and the police paramedic unit under his command do not rush immediately to the scene. Instead, they listen.
在这座紧凑的工业城市里，每一次爆炸都会在混凝土高楼间回荡，而第一次爆炸往往是诱饵。团队会监测军事通信频道，查看是否有任何后续打击的报告，然后才身穿重型防护防弹衣疾驰而去救人。
In this compact industrial city, where every detonation reverberates off concrete high-rises, the first blast is often bait. The team monitors military communications channels for reports of any incoming secondary strikes before racing in heavy protective body armor to save lives.
“我们单位的大多数人都以某种方式遭遇过双击袭击，”奇文科夫说。他使用的是这类袭击的常用说法。
“Most people in our unit have faced double-tap strikes in some way,” said Mr. Chyvenkov, using a common term for such attacks.
他领导救援队已有四年多，包括在附近的波克罗夫斯克、托列茨克、阿夫迪伊夫卡等城市的废墟中工作，目睹了它们在落入俄罗斯人手中之前被有条不紊地摧毁。莫斯科的部队现在正在克拉马托尔斯克和斯拉维扬斯克使用同样的战术。这两座相邻城市构成了乌克兰在顿巴斯防御的核心，而该地区正是俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·V·普京最觊觎的地方。
He has led rescue teams for more than four years, including in the ruins of the nearby cities of Pokrovsk Toretsk Avdiivka witnessing their methodical destruction before their fall to the Russians. Moscow’s forces are now using the same tactics in Kramatorsk and Sloviansk, adjacent cities that form the core of Ukraine’s defenses in the Donbas, the region most coveted by President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia.
7月，在斯拉维扬斯克，乌克兰救援人员和平民抬着一名俄罗斯轰炸的受害者。一名加拿大志愿者在斯拉维扬斯克轰炸现场。一名受伤妇女在遭到威力强大的滑翔炸弹袭击后被抬出。
Ukrainian rescue workers and civilians carrying a victim of a Russian bombing in Sloviansk in July. A Canadian volunteer at the site of the bombing in Sloviansk. An injured woman being carried out after the attack by a powerful glide bomb.
当奇文科夫先生的团队赶往被炸毁的公寓楼或遭到轰炸的商业区时，他们的工作流程被简化为最原始的分诊：抢救“红色”危重伤员，在现场进行紧急稳定处理，并在下一次俄罗斯袭击到来之前火速赶往医院。他们一遍又一遍地重复着这个过程。
When Mr. Chyvenkov’s team rolls out to a shattered apartment block or a blasted-out business, the protocol is stripped down to raw triage: grab the “red” critical cases, stabilize them on the fly and speed toward the hospital before the next Russian strike. They repeat the process, over and over again.
“就我个人而言，我已经没有什么情绪了，”他说。“作为他们所依赖的人，我没有权利感到悲伤或陷入绝望。必须保持坚强，继续前进。”随着夏季俄罗斯的袭击愈演愈烈，乌克兰当局将疏散令扩大到了越来越多的社区。
“Personally, I don’t really have any emotions left,” he said. “As the person they rely on, I don’t have the right to be sad or give in to despair. Stay strong, keep moving forward.”As Russian attacks grew more intense over the summer, the Ukrainian authorities expanded evacuation orders to more and more neighborhoods.
在克拉马托尔斯克和斯洛维扬斯克，撤离的步伐已经放缓，因为留下的人通常是老年人、行动不便者，或者是维持电力线路、天然气管道和医院在炮火下正常运转的市政工作人员。其他人则已经习惯了家门口的激烈战争，希望能熬过这场猛烈的攻势。一名从前线附近撤离后抵达斯洛维扬斯的妇女。一个有五个孩子的家庭从克拉马托尔斯克郊外的一个村庄撤离。克拉马托尔斯克警方医护人员正在应对清晨对居民区的轰炸。
In Kramatorsk and Sloviansk, the pace of departures has slowed because those who remain are often older or have limited mobility, or are municipal workers keeping power lines, gas mains and hospitals functioning under fire. Others have grown used to the raging war at their doorstep and hope to make it through the onslaught. A woman arriving in Sloviansk after being evacuated from closer to the front line. A family with five children were evacuated from their home in a village outside Kramatorsk. Kramatorsk police medics responding to an early morning bombing of a residential area.
目前仍有约6万人居住在克拉马托尔斯克和斯洛维扬斯克。据当地官员称，从更广泛的范围来看，在乌克兰控制的顿巴斯地区（占该地区总面积的20%），仍有9.3万名平民，其中包括4200多名儿童。
About 60,000 people still live in Kramatorsk and Sloviansk. More broadly, in the 20 percent of the Donbas under Ukrainian control, 93,000 civilians remain, including more than 4,200 children, according to local officials.
“让我感到难过的是，一些父母无视撤离呼吁，小孩子们仍然在城市里走来走去，看着这一切，听着爆炸声，”奇文科夫先生说。“这真的让我很沮丧。”俄罗斯地面部队距离直接进攻这些城市堡垒还有数英里之遥。攻占这些城市很可能需要数月甚至数年的艰苦步兵战斗，而这几乎肯定会导致数万名士兵伤亡。
“What upsets me is that some parents ignore the calls to evacuate, and small children are still walking around the city, seeing all of this and hearing the sounds of explosions,” Mr. Chyvenkov said. “That really gets me down.”Russian ground divisions remain miles from directly assaulting these urban redoubts. Capturing them would most likely require months or years of grinding infantry combat, in which tens of thousands of soldiers would almost certainly be killed or injured.
但俄罗斯并没有等待其地面部队抵达这些城市；他们决定对这些城市进行轰炸，直到这些城市变得无法居住为止。
But Russia is not waiting for its foot soldiers to arrive in these cities, resolving to bomb them until they are uninhabitable.
对于那些仍然留在那里的人们来说，生活仍在继续。为了保护他们，几乎所有的主干道上都拉起了用于阻挡无人机的防护网；剩余的商店和加油站周围堆满了沙袋；曾经宁静的居民区街道上布满了铁丝网。
For now, life goes on for those who remain. To try to protect them, nets to guard against drones have been strung up over nearly every major road. Sandbags are stacked at the remaining shops and gas stations.
在克拉马托尔斯克的一个加油站，可以看到沙袋和用于阻挡无人机的防护网。
Razor wire snakes across once-peaceful residential streets. Sandbags and anti-drone netting at a gas station in Kramatorsk.
在克拉马托尔斯克这个曾经繁华的市场里，只有少数几家商铺还在营业。克拉马托尔斯克的一些居民区街道两旁也布满了铁丝网。
One of the few vendors remaining at a once bustling market in Kramatorsk. Razor wire lining a residential street in Kramatorsk.
尽管遭到频繁的轰炸，基本的市政服务（如电力、供水、医疗设施、银行以及互联网和移动通信）仍在运行。人们努力维持着生活的正常秩序，但随着俄罗斯精确制导武器的不断扩散，人们的生活逐渐被限制在地下避难所之中。
Essential municipal services like power and water, medical facilities, banks, and internet and mobile communications remain operational despite regular shelling. People try to maintain a semblance of normality, but as Russia’s precision weapons extend their reach, life is increasingly reduced to the confines of basement shelters.
每天，俄罗斯都会使用携带数百磅炸药的制导炸弹、集束弹药，以及由俄罗斯飞行员操控的无人机，对城市进行系统性攻击。这些攻击正在彻底摧毁城市生活的正常秩序。那些曾经熟悉的街道，如今已变成了公开的“狩猎场”。
Daily barrages of guided bombs packing hundreds of pounds of explosives, cluster munitions delivered by rockets, and ubiquitous small drones directed by Russian pilots are systematically erasing the fabric of urban life. Familiar streets have been transformed into open hunting grounds.
顿巴斯地区的另一座城市德鲁日基夫卡的道路两旁，散落着被俄罗斯炸弹摧毁的车辆、被撕碎的防无人机防护网，以及已经爆炸或尚未爆炸的无人机残骸。在斯洛维扬斯克，一处住宅区遭到了滑翔炸弹的袭击。
The roads in and around Druzhkivka, another city in the Donbas region, are littered with vehicles destroyed by Russian bombs, shredded anti-drone netting and both exploded and unexploded drones. The site of a glide-bomb attack on residential buildings in Sloviansk.
在克拉马托尔斯克，幸存的居民们正在努力维持某种程度的正常生活……对于61岁的奥尔哈·沃洛迪米里夫娜来说，这一切实在难以承受；她在9月初离开了斯洛维扬斯克。
A bomb shelter in Kramatorsk, where the remaining residents try to maintain some degree of normality. It was all too much for Olha Volodymyrivna, 61, who left Sloviansk in early September.
“到处都是飞溅的碎片；空袭警报声和无人机的嗡嗡声此起彼伏，”她说，“军方人员来到我们这里，告诉我们必须立即撤离——因为我的丈夫有残疾，如果发生更严重的情况，撤离他的难度将会大大增加。”
“Everything was flying around. There were constant air raid alarms, constant drones,” she said. “Military guys came to us and told us that we had to evacuate, because my husband is disabled, and if something worse happened, it would be much more difficult to evacuate him.”
“整个夏天，情况都在不断恶化，”她补充道，“直到某个时刻，我终于意识到自己再也无法忍受下去了。”
“Throughout the summer, it was getting worse and worse and worse,” she added. “And at some point I understood that I simply couldn’t take it anymore.”
“那些无人机飞行速度极快，而我根本无法逃跑，”沃洛迪米里夫娜女士说，“所以如果真的发生什么，我知道自己根本无处可逃。”
The drones fly fast, Ms. Volodymyrivna said, and she cannot run. “So if something happens, I understand that I won’t be able to escape anywhere,” she said.
制导炸弹带来的恐惧感截然不同：它们通常在夜间发动攻击，唯一的预警就是撞击前空气中传来的一声短促的哨声；爆炸的威力足以摧毁整栋六层高的公寓楼。今年7月，斯洛维扬斯克有多栋公寓楼遭到了制导炸弹的袭击。
Guided bombs instill a different kind of terror. They often come at night, and the only warning is a quick whistle in the air before impact. The explosions are powerful enough to destroy a six-story apartment building. Several apartment buildings were hit by glide bombs in Sloviansk in July.
一位父亲在接到空袭警报后，带着女儿逃往了树林中；那天他们刚刚从另一次轰炸中幸存下来。
A father fleeing with his daughter into a wooded area after receiving a warning of an airstrike. They had survived another bombing that day.
“上帝不会希望任何人过上这样的生活，”沃洛迪米里夫娜女士说，“这种生活充满了压力和恐惧。”
Sheltering in the woods. “God knows you wouldn’t wish such a life on anyone,” Ms. Volodymyrivna said. “It’s very stressful and very frightening.”
27岁的消防员谢尔盖·切皮加来自斯洛维扬斯克，他描述了一次救援行动：这次行动揭示了过去一年里该地区城市发生的巨大变化，以及救援人员是如何成为攻击目标的。
Serhii Chepyga, 27, a firefighter who lives in Sloviansk, described a recent rescue operation that showed how the region’s cities have been transformed over the past year and how emergency crews are being directly targeted.
乌克兰官员表示，针对关键基础设施工作人员的袭击是俄罗斯企图破坏当地基本生活保障体系的手段。切皮加回忆说，他的团队刚赶到爆炸现场，就收到了另一枚制导炸弹即将来袭的警报；他们匆忙躲进地下室，待爆炸过后才重新出来，发现院子里到处都是残骸；随后警报声再次响起……“俄罗斯正试图让斯洛维扬斯克和克拉马托尔斯克变得无法居住，”乌克兰官员们指出。
Ukrainian officials say that attacks on essential workers are part of Russia’s campaign to dismantle the safety net required to keep a place livable. Mr. Chepyga recalled how his team recently arrived at the location of an explosion only to get an alert that another guided bomb was inbound. They dashed to a basement and emerged after more explosions to survey a courtyard choked with wreckage. Sirens then screamed again.
警方医护人员正在处理克拉马托尔斯克一处居民区发生的爆炸事件。
Serhii Chepyga, a firefighter, at the site of a Russian strike in Sloviansk. Russia is trying to make Sloviansk and Kramatorsk uninhabitable, Ukrainian officials say.
“他们开始使用集束弹药攻击我们，”他说，“到处都是碎片和残骸；我从未跑得这么快过。”他们侥幸逃过了危险，随后又继续投入了救援工作。
Police medics responding to a bombing of a residential area in Kramatorsk. “They started to hit us with the cluster munitions,” he said. “Everything was scattered all over the place, lots of debris around. I don’t remember running that fast before.”They narrowly escaped.
“现在我们只能寄希望于最好的结果，互相开玩笑，庆幸自己还活着，”他说，“能够每天醒来、喝咖啡、呼吸着清新的乌克兰空气——这就是全部的意义了。”
And then it was back to work. “All that’s left is to hope for the best, joke, to poke fun at each other, and be happy that you’re alive,” he said. “You have to be happy that you can wake up every day again, drink coffee, breathe clean Ukrainian air. And that’s all.”
报道由兹温卡·平丘克（Dzvinka Pinchuk）提供。
A nearly abandoned market in Kramatorsk. Dzvinka Pinchuk contributed reporting.