萨姆·麦克尼尔（SAM McNEIL）布鲁塞尔报道——自伊朗战争爆发以来，欧盟国家在能源进口上已额外花费超过1000亿欧元（约合1135亿美元），能源价格的飙升促使政界人士寻求化石燃料的替代方案。
SAM McNEIL BRUSSELS — European Union nations have spent over an extra 100 billion euros ($113.5 billion) on energy imports since the outbreak of the Iran war, pushing politicians to seek alternatives to fossil fuels as prices skyrocket.
在霍尔木兹海峡关闭后，一些欧洲国家的消费者在加油站支付的费用上涨了近50%，相当于每加仑超过11美元。霍尔木兹海峡是全球至关重要的水道，和平时期全球五分之一的贸易石油经此运输。
Consumers in some European countries pay nearly 50% more at the pump, equivalent to more than $11 a gallon, following the closure of the Strait of Hormuz, the crucial waterway through which a fifth of the world’s traded oil passed in peacetime.
欧盟能源专员丹·约恩森（Dan Jørgensen）在都柏林举行的欧盟27国能源部长会议上表示：“形势严峻。”尽管投入了额外资金，但成员国并未获得“哪怕多一个分子的天然气或石油”。约恩森表示，部长们将讨论加快从化石燃料向电力转型的计划，并扩大整个欧盟的电力基础设施。在2022年俄罗斯全面入侵乌克兰后，欧盟结束了对俄罗斯的历史性依赖，转而高度依赖美国直接进口能源。
“Times are serious,” said EU energy commissioner Dan Jørgensen during a gathering in Dublin of energy ministers from across the 27-nation bloc. Despite the additional money spent, the members haven’t received “one extra molecule of gas or oil.”Jørgensen said the ministers would discuss plans to accelerate the shift from fossil fuels to electricity and expand electrical infrastructure across the bloc, which became highly dependent on the U.S. for direct energy imports after ending its historic reliance on Russia following its full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022.
国际能源署执行署长法提赫·比罗尔（Fatih Birol）表示：“就柴油而言，欧洲是受影响最严重的地区之一，如果不是最严重的话，因为欧洲进口大量柴油，而我们正进入严酷的冬季。”欧洲约50%的柴油供应直接来自美国。
“Europe is one of the most exposed regions — if not the most exposed one — when it comes to diesel because Europe imports a huge amount of diesel and we are entering the harsh season, the winter season,” Fatih Birol, executive director of the International Energy Agency, said. About 50% of its diesel supply comes directly from the U.S.
美国关键州的共和党人呼吁在关键的中期选举前禁止柴油出口以增加国内供应，这给唐纳德·特朗普总统2025年达成的向欧盟出售价值7500亿美元能源的协议蒙上了一层阴影。
Republicans in key U.S. states have called for a ban on diesel exports to bolster domestic supply ahead of crucial midterm elections, casting some doubt on President Donald Trump’s 2025 deal to sell $750 billion worth of energy to the EU.
爱尔兰气候、能源与环境部长达拉·奥布莱恩（Darragh O’Brien）表示，禁令“不太可能”实施，因为这会损害大西洋两岸的经济，但欧盟必须为最坏的情况做好准备。“我们必须保持警惕，不能掉以轻心，”奥布莱恩说。
Ireland’s minister for climate, energy and the environment, Darragh O’Brien, said the ban is “unlikely” because it would harm economies on both sides of the Atlantic, but the EU must prepare for the worst. “We have to be guarded. We can’t be complacent,” O’Brien said.
约恩森表示，他已向美国当局发出了“一个非常明确的信号”，要求取消这项禁令，同时呼吁欧盟各部长促使欧盟摆脱对外部能源的依赖，因为这些能源的供应可能会受到战争和政治因素的冲击。
Jørgensen said he had sent “a very clear signal” to U.S. authorities to scrap the ban while calling on EU ministers to wean the bloc off of outside energy whose supply can be rocked by war and politics.
“这当然向我们表明，我们对外部能源的依赖是多么糟糕，对世界其他地区能源的依赖是多么不可持续，”约恩森说。“我们需要摆脱这种依赖。我们需要用本土能源——绿色电子——来替代那些进口的、污染严重的、昂贵的化石燃料分子。”芬兰环境部长萨里·穆尔塔拉以芬兰为例，说明了能源独立的重要性。
“This, of course, shows us just how bad it is for us to be dependent, just how unsustainable it is for us to be dependent on energy sources from other places in the world,” Jørgensen said. “We need to get out of that dependency. We need to replace the fossil fuels, the imported, polluting, expensive molecules with homegrown energy: green electrons.”Sari Multala, the Finnish environment minister, pointed to her country as an example of energy independence.
她说，随着冬季临近，人们对能源价格的担忧日益加剧，“这给我们政治人物带来了巨大的压力，促使我们努力帮助民众应对这一局面。”
The rising concern about energy prices as winter approaches “creates a lot of pressure for us politicians to try to help our citizens to cope with the situation,” she said.
她表示，核反应堆、涡轮机、泥炭沼泽和水力发电大坝提供了芬兰95%的电力，这“创造了非常合理的电价”。
Nuclear reactors, turbines, peat bogs, and hydropower dams provide 95% of Finland’s electricity, she said, which “creates very reasonable prices for electricity.”