仅在本月，俄罗斯西伯利亚克拉斯诺亚尔斯克地区就发生了熊袭击事件，造成6人死亡。在邻近的哈卡斯共和国，上周有熊从多个方向逼近阿巴扎镇，以至于一位地区高级官员形容该镇“实际上处于被围困状态”。哈卡斯共和国副首脑德米特里·布切尼克上周三表示，在一次将熊驱离该镇大桥附近区域的行动中，有三头熊被击毙。据塔斯社报道，近几个月来，西伯利亚和俄罗斯远东地区发生的熊袭击事件已导致17人死亡。
Bear attacks have killed six people in Russia’s Siberian region of Krasnoyarsk this month alone. In neighboring Khakassia, bears approached the town of Abaza last week from so many directions that a senior regional official described it as “effectively under siege.”Three bears were killed during an operation to drive them away from an area near the town bridge, Khakassia’s deputy head Dmitry Buchenik said last Wednesday. Across Siberia and Russia’s Far East, attacks have left 17 people dead in recent months, according to state news agency Tass.
俄罗斯拥有世界上数量最多的棕熊，这种动物长期以来一直是俄罗斯最具代表性的象征之一。但对于那些报告称住宅、道路和旅游路线附近出现熊的社区来说，这种熟悉的“象征”正成为一个迫在眉睫的担忧。
Russia is home to the world’s largest brown bear population, and the animal has long been one of its most recognizable symbols. But for communities reporting bears near homes, roads and tourist routes, that familiar presence is becoming an immediate concern.
在克拉斯诺亚尔斯克，调查人员正在核查官员在致命袭击发生前是否忽视了多次预警。在托木斯克，当局已限制森林远足和旅游聚会，禁令至少持续到11月1日。这些遭遇引发了人们对熊为何靠近人类以及如何预防袭击的关注。
In Krasnoyarsk, investigators are examining whether officials ignored repeated warnings before the fatal attacks. In Tomsk, authorities have restricted forest excursions and tourist gatherings until at least Nov. 1. The encounters have drawn attention to what is bringing bears closer to people and how to prevent attacks.
一位野生动物专家指出，这是由于冬季来临前食物短缺所致，而俄罗斯自然资源部则警告称，垃圾和人为投喂会削弱动物对人类的天然戒备心。
A wildlife specialist points to shortages of food before winter, while Russia’s Natural Resources Ministry warns that garbage and deliberate feeding can erode the animals’ natural wariness of humans.
该部还敦促在评估问题规模时要保持谨慎：遭遇事件难以统计，且相关视频如今的传播范围已远远超出了事发社区。
The ministry also urges caution in judging the scale of the problem: encounters are difficult to count, and videos now circulate far beyond the communities where they happen.
大型动物与人类冲突专家米哈伊尔·克雷奇马尔在接受阿纳多卢通讯社采访时表示，在西伯利亚的人口稠密地区，包括克拉斯诺亚尔斯克南部、图瓦、哈卡斯、伊尔库茨克和布里亚特，都观察到了熊的活动日益频繁。
Mikhail Krechmar, a specialist in conflicts between large animals and humans, told Anadolu that heightened bear activity was being observed in populated parts of Siberia, including southern Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, Khakassia, Irkutsk and Buryatia.
“这些地区的坚果和橡子等主要食物产量都非常低。没有这些食物，熊就无法在冬季进入洞穴过冬，因此它们才会大量迁移到人类居住区。”他说。
“All these areas have had a very poor crop of their main fattening foods – nuts and acorns. Without them, bears cannot settle into their dens for the winter, and this is why there has been a mass movement of bears toward human settlements,” he said.
克雷奇马指出，这类现象是周期性的，早前的报道中也描述过类似的情况。
Krechmar said such episodes occur in cycles, with earlier reports describing similar conditions.
“上一次熊袭击人类的事件数量达到峰值、同时也有最多数量的熊进入人类居住区的年份是2014年，至今这一纪录仍未被打破。1962年的情况也完全相同。我看过那些旧报告，发现当时的情况与现在一模一样。”他说。
“The last time we saw the highest number of bear attacks on people and the highest number of bears coming into human settlements was in 2014, and that figure has not yet been exceeded. There was an absolutely similar situation in 1962. I read the old reports, and I can see that exactly the same thing was happening,” he said.
自然资源部表示，每年官方记录的熊袭击事件大约有20到30起，其中2014年属于异常年份（袭击事件数量最多）。
The Natural Resources Ministry said between 20 and 30 bear attacks are officially recorded each year, identifying 2014 as an exceptional year.
“唯一一次异常激增发生在2014年，当时记录了166起袭击事件。”该部门向阿纳多卢通讯社（Anadolu）解释道。
“The only anomalous spike occurred in 2014, when 166 cases were recorded,” it told Anadolu. The ministry said encounters were harder to document than attacks.
该部门还指出，记录这些事件其实比记录熊的袭击行为更加困难：人们可能没有意识到熊在夜间悄悄接近；而在野外发现熊的人可能会告诉朋友或亲戚，但不会向有关部门报告。
People may not realize a bear has approached at night, while those who spot one in the wilderness may tell friends or relatives without notifying officials.
“这类事件发生的视频如今在互联网和社交媒体上迅速传播，给人一种‘这类事件无处不在’的错觉。”该部门补充道。
“Videos recorded during such incidents now spread rapidly through the internet and social media, creating the impression that they are happening everywhere,” it added.
虽然食物短缺会迫使熊离开森林，但人类居住区附近的食物反而可能吸引它们返回。
While shortages can push bears out of the forest, food around settlements can give them a reason to return.
“我们面临的问题包括居住区和垃圾场的环境卫生问题，以及人们对熊的不当行为——有些人试图喂熊，结果反而遭到熊的攻击，因为他们并不了解熊的习性。”克雷奇马说。
“We are dealing with unsanitary conditions in settlements and garbage dumps, as well as with people behaving very inappropriately toward bears – trying to feed them and then being attacked by the bears because they do not understand these nuances,” Krechmar said.
该部门表示，随着经济和旅游活动的扩大，食物垃圾越来越容易被熊获取。他们特别警告那些在垃圾场附近长大的熊。部门指出：“母熊会带着幼崽到人类居住区附近觅食，这样的饮食习惯会逐渐形成，最终这些熊就会不再吃其他类型的食物。”
The ministry said expanding economic and tourism activity was making food waste increasingly accessible to bears. It warned particularly about animals that have “grown up around garbage dumps.”“A mother bear brings her cubs to feed near people. This is how feeding preferences develop, and the animal eventually stops eating other types of food,” it said.
据该部门统计，2026年俄罗斯共有30.79万只棕熊，其中大部分分布在西伯利亚和远东地区。不过，熊的数量并不能直接决定它们对人类的威胁程度；不同地区的熊对人类的警惕性差异很大，因此熊与人类的接触频率才是决定危险性的关键因素。
According to the ministry, Russia had 307,900 brown bears in 2026, with the largest populations concentrated in Siberia and the Far East. But the size of that population does not directly determine the danger to people, it stressed. Numbers vary considerably between regions, and an animal’s familiarity with humans is a crucial factor.
部门强调：“真正危险的熊是那些不怕人的熊——比如那些在垃圾场附近长大的熊、以旅游基地和居民区附近的食物垃圾为食的熊，或者那些被人类故意喂食的熊。”
“The dangerous bears are those that are not afraid of people – for example, animals that have grown up around garbage dumps, feed on food waste near tourist bases and settlements, or have been deliberately fed by people,” it said.
不过，克雷奇马尔（Krechmar）也提醒人们不要将所有的熊袭击事件都归咎于人类的行为。他说，熊本身就是捕食者，即使人类没有故意吸引它们，与熊的遭遇也可能非常危险。据估计，每年约有30到80人在熊的袭击中丧生。“这个数字看起来可能很小，但实际上非常严重。”
Krechmar cautioned against attributing every attack to human behavior, however. Bears are predators, he said, and an encounter can be dangerous even when people have not tried to attract them. He estimates that between 30 and 80 people are killed in bear attacks each year. “It may seem like a small figure, but in reality it is a very, very significant number,” he said.
斯韦特兰娜·西迪亚基娜（Svetlana Sidyakina）的遭遇发生在她前往俄罗斯中北部普托拉纳高原（Putorana Plateau）的拉马湖（Lake Lama）附近度假时。她和丈夫当时正在苔原上采摘浆果，她负责采摘果实，而丈夫则在附近散步。她说：“我丈夫发现了那只熊。那里有一些灌木丛，显然我们惊扰了它。那只熊站了起来，从灌木丛后面走了出来。看到它后，我丈夫立刻大喊：‘斯韦塔，快跑！’”西迪亚基娜表示自己当时吓得几乎无法转头看向那只熊，只能用眼角余光瞥见它。
For Svetlana Sidyakina, the encounter came during a vacation near Lake Lama on the Putorana Plateau in north-central Russia. She and her husband had gone into the tundra to pick berries. She was gathering fruit while he walked nearby. “My husband spotted the bear. There were bushes there, and apparently we disturbed it. It rose onto its hind legs and stood up from behind the bushes. When my husband saw it, he immediately shouted, ‘Sveta, run!’” she told Anadolu. Sidyakina said she was so frightened that she could barely turn her head toward the animal, seeing it only out of the corner of her eye.
“我拼命地奔跑，速度之快超出了所有人的预料。我丈夫后来说，我就像一名职业运动员一样，轻松地跳过了路上的每一个障碍物。”她说。
“And I just ran – I ran at such a speed that nobody expected from me. My husband later said that I simply jumped over every obstacle in my path like some kind of professional athlete,” she said.
起初，她不知道该往哪里逃。她丈夫的呼喊声引起了在湖边等待的朋友们的注意，他们立刻向空中开枪以发出信号。她依靠这些枪声来确定自己的方向。
At first, she did not know where to go. Her husband’s shouting alerted friends waiting on the lakeshore, who began firing shots into the air. She used the sound to find her bearings.
在克拉斯诺亚尔斯克，调查人员正在探讨一个问题：当地政府是否本可以采取措施来避免这些致命的遭遇。
In Krasnoyarsk, the question facing investigators is whether authorities could have prevented fatal encounters.
根据负责克拉斯诺亚尔斯克和哈卡西亚地区的调查委员会的报告，当地居民共提交了120多起关于熊进入居民区的报告，这些事件发生在15个以上的行政区中，其中包括该地区的行政中心。
Residents submitted more than 120 reports of bears entering populated areas across more than 15 districts, including the regional capital, according to the Investigative Committee’s branch covering Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia.
尽管有这些警告，调查人员认为当地政府并未采取任何措施来控制熊的数量或阻止熊靠近人类居住区。针对这些可能的疏忽行为，已经展开了刑事调查。
Despite those warnings, investigators alleged, local authorities failed to take measures to regulate the bear population or prevent the animals from approaching inhabited areas. A criminal investigation into alleged negligence is underway.
“调查将包括对负责处理熊进入居民区事件的官员行为的法律评估，”委员会表示。
“The investigation will include a legal assessment of the actions taken by officials responsible for responding to the presence of bears in inhabited areas,” the committee said.
自然资源部指出，当熊对人类构成威胁时，地方当局有责任采取措施来防止熊的攻击，并控制熊的数量。该部门表示，狩猎是控制熊数量的一种手段；各地区会根据熊的数量估计制定每年的狩猎配额。此外，政府还可以实施更加严格的警戒措施，并对喂食野生动物的行为处以罚款。
The Natural Resources Ministry said regional authorities are responsible for preventing attacks and regulating bear populations when they pose a threat to people. Hunting is one mechanism used to control numbers, with regions setting annual quotas based on population estimates, it said. Authorities can also introduce heightened-alert regimes and fines for feeding wild animals.
自然资源部还表示，他们正在收集各地区关于进一步修改相关法律的建议。
The ministry said it was gathering proposals from the regions on further changes to legislation.
克雷奇马尔敦促西伯利亚南部受影响地区的居民：除非万不得已，否则不要进入泰加林（即俄罗斯的北方森林）。他称当前的情况属于“紧急状态”。
Krechmar urged residents in affected parts of southern Siberia, where he described the situation as an “emergency,” to stay out of the taiga unless absolutely necessary.
“并非所有的熊类遭遇都会导致攻击，但每一次与熊的接触都是危险的。我必须强调——每一次都是危险的。”他说。
“Not every encounter will end in an attack, but every encounter with a bear is dangerous. I emphasize – every one,” he said.
“一只饥饿的熊——如果已经两天或三天没有进食，且未来也看不到任何觅食的机会——会变得极其危险，这种熊是无法被吓跑的，”他补充道。
“A bear that is hungry, that has not eaten for two or three days and sees no prospects of finding food in the future is deadly dangerous, and cannot be scared away,” he added.
然而，根据该部门的说法，对于相关部门来说，熊出现在居民区附近并不一定意味着必须将这只熊赶走。应对措施应该根据熊的行为、它与人类的距离以及它是否构成直接威胁来决定。
For authorities, however, a bear’s appearance near a settlement does not automatically mean it must be removed, the ministry said. The response should depend on its behavior, proximity to people and whether there is an immediate threat.
“如果熊没有表现出攻击性，仍然对人类保持天然的警惕性，并且没有因为人类的存在而习惯了那些‘容易获得的食物’，那么它是可以被吓跑的，”该部门表示。
“The animal can be scared away if it is not showing aggression, retains its natural wariness of humans and has not become accustomed to the same ‘easy food’ it gets because of people,” it said.
这一区分使得减少食物浪费和避免喂熊成为防止进一步冲突的关键措施。
That distinction puts food waste and feeding at the center of efforts to prevent further encounters.
对于那些确实遇到熊的人，克雷奇马根据不同情况提出了不同的建议：可以从悄悄撤离到尝试吓跑熊。
For people who do encounter a bear, Krechmar’s recommendations ranged from quietly withdrawing to trying to frighten the animal away, depending on the circumstances.
在没有“熊警报”发布的地区，他建议人们应悄悄地离开熊的视线范围，然后等待熊自行离开后再离开该区域。
In areas without a “bear alert,” he advised moving quietly out of the animal’s sight, then allowing it time to leave before departing the area.
“如果熊朝你走来，试着用声音吓唬它。当然，如果机会允许的话，熊也可能会攻击人类，但人类并不是它们的主要食物来源，”他说。
“If a bear is coming toward you, try to scare it with your voice. Of course, bears may eat us if the opportunity arises, but humans are not their usual food,” he said.
他建议在徒步或采蘑菇、浆果时随身携带哨子，并表示响亮的喇叭也可以用来吓跑熊。“你可以使用这种哨子；还有那种气压式喇叭，它的声音非常刺耳、令人不适。你也可以在智能手机上下载一些特别吵闹的音乐，然后播放给熊听，”他说。
He recommended carrying a whistle when hiking or picking mushrooms and berries, and suggested that a loud horn could also help scare a bear away. “Take it and blow it. There is also such a thing as a pneumatic horn, which is very useful because it produces extremely harsh, unpleasant sounds. You can also download some particularly loud, awful modern music onto your smartphone and play it to the bear,” he said.
他还建议将夹克举过头顶以显得自己体型更大，因为熊的视力较差，这种突然的变化可能会让它们感到困惑从而离开。
He also suggested holding a jacket above one’s head to appear larger, saying bears’ poor eyesight could make the sudden change confusing enough to drive them away.
“如果熊已经冲了过来并直接发起攻击，那么如果有时间的话，就赶紧趴在地上，把双腿收向腹部，用手保护头部，让背部暴露在熊的攻击范围内，然后祈祷吧，”他说。
“If the bear has already charged and is directly attacking, then, if you have time, fall to the ground, pull your legs toward your stomach, cover your head with your hands, expose your back to it and pray,” he said.
翻译结果： news_share_descriptionsubscription_contact contact_the_ombudsman“这个报道中有错误。”
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