美国记者埃文·格什科维奇（Evan Gershkovich）表示，当他被俄罗斯联邦安全局（FSB）的特工逮捕并被指控为间谍时，他就意识到自己遭到了俄罗斯的陷害。
By Tiffany Wertheimer US journalist Evan Gershkovich has said that he knew he was being set up by Russia when he was arrested by FSB agents and accused of being a spy.
在首次接受英国媒体采访时，格什科维奇向BBC讲述了2023年在一家餐厅里发生的那一幕：当时一群戴着面具的男子突然包围了他并将其拘留。他说道：“他们并没有对我进行审讯，也没有对我施以酷刑；他们只是指控我从事间谍活动。”他感到如释重负：“他们设下圈套、捏造了这起案件，目的是把我当作‘有价值的人质’——在一场更大的政治博弈中充当棋子。”
In his first UK interview, Gershkovich told the BBC about the moment he realised he had been "lured into a trap" when masked men surrounded him at a restaurant in 2023, and detained him. "I'm not interrogated, I'm not tortured… I'm accused of espionage," he said, describing a sense of relief: "They've set me up and fabricated this case so that I can be a valuable hostage - a pawn in a greater game".
现年34岁的格什科维奇最初被判处16年监禁，但16个月后通过一项备受瞩目的囚犯交换协议得以获释。
Gershkovich, now 34, was sentenced to 16 years in prison, but freed 16 months later as part of a high-profile prisoner swap deal.
自2017年以来，格什科维奇一直居住在俄罗斯，并曾担任《华尔街日报》驻莫斯科的驻外记者；目前他居住在德国柏林。他和他的雇主始终坚称这些指控完全是虚假的。
Gershkovich had been living in Russia since 2017, and was the Wall Street Journal's foreign correspondent in Moscow when he was arrested - he is now based in Berlin, Germany. He and his employer have always maintained that the charges were false.
被捕当天，格什科维奇正在叶卡捷琳堡（位于莫斯科以东约1600公里处）与一位他认为是消息来源的人会面。他们当时坐在一个几乎空无一人的餐厅里，突然有一群戴着面具的男子闯了进来，其中一人说道：“‘看来那张桌子是我们预定的。’”格什科维奇认为这个说法很奇怪，但仔细想想其实很巧妙——因为这句话会让人立刻陷入恐慌、动弹不得。两名男子随即站了起来，格什科维奇被告知自己已被俄罗斯国内安全部门FSB逮捕。
On the day he was arrested, Gershkovich was in Yekaterinburg - about 1,600km (1,000 miles) east of Moscow - meeting someone who he thought was a source for a story. They were sitting in a half-empty dining hall "and a group of about half-dozen masked men marched in and said 'I think we booked that table'." An odd phrase, Gershkovich said, but on reflection it is clever because it "freezes you in place". The two men stood up and Gershkovich was told he was under arrest by the notorious and powerful FSB, Russia's domestic security service.
“就在那一刻，你才意识到事情的严重性……如果是FSB出手，那就说明这一切都是事先策划好的。”至于那位与他会面的人，格什科维奇只看到他消失在了人群中。
"It's at that moment that you realise that it's something really serious… When it's the FSB, you know it's been planned." What about the man he'd been meeting? Gershkovich saw him disappear into the crowd.
被捕后不久，这位记者意识到自己没有受到审讯或酷刑（这些通常是俄罗斯安全部门对付间谍的常用手段），这表明他很可能被当作“商品”来对待，而非真正的国家敌人。
Not long after his arrest, the journalist said he realised that the fact he was not being interrogated or tortured - common tactics used by Russia's security service on spies - likely meant that he was being treated more like a commodity, not a true enemy of the state. "I have this odd moment - a sense of relief flooding over me," he said. "I realised they're not treating me like a real spy.
“有那么一刻，我突然感到如释重负，”他说，“我意识到他们并没有把我当作真正的间谍来对待。他们设下圈套、捏造了这个案子，只是为了把我变成一个有价值的‘人质’，一个可以用来达成更大目标的棋子。这意味着我可能要在这里待上12到20年……”这个认识帮助他在监狱里保持冷静与理智，同时也让他能够预判接下来可能发生的事情——其中一个可能性就是通过囚犯交换来获释。
They've set me up and fabricated this case so that I can be a valuable hostage, a pawn in a greater game. That means it will take a while, but I won't be here for 12-20 years." That realisation helped him stay "stable and disciplined in prison", but also gave him a unique way of predicting what might happen next - and one guess was a prisoner swap.
“我原本以为这件事会引起轩然大波，甚至引发全球范围的抗议，毕竟他可是《华尔街日报》的驻外记者啊，”他说，而他的猜测果然成真。
"I assumed that it would be really loud, that it would cause a global uproar. I mean, it's a foreign correspondent for the Wall Street Journal," he said - and he was right.
世界各地的媒体都报道了这起事件；他的照片还被印在了时代广场的广告牌上。随后，美国总统乔·拜登表示，将格什科维奇带回美国是他的“最高优先事项”。
Media organisations around the world reported on the case, his face was on a billboard in Times Square and then-US President Joe Biden said he had "no higher priority" than bringing Gershkovich home.
这位记者认为，这一切都是莫斯科的精心策划：他们想利用格什科维奇这个高调的“人质”，来交换自己手中的另一名囚犯——那个人就是正在德国服刑的刺客瓦迪姆·克拉西科夫。
The journalist believed that this was all part of Moscow's plan - to have a high-profile prisoner that it could swap for one of its own - and that was Vadim Krasikov, an assassin who was serving a life sentence in Germany.
“从某种意义上说，他们成功了——因为没有任何制裁措施被实施。如果从愤世嫉俗的角度来看，他们的策略确实非常巧妙。”格什科维奇被关押在莫斯科臭名昭著的列福托沃监狱里，这座监狱多年来关押过许多该国的高调囚犯，包括政治犯和持不同政见者。在20世纪30年代斯大林的大清洗时期，那里的酷刑和处决行为屡见不鲜。
"They [Moscow] got away with it in the sense that there were no sanctions imposed. And so they played it really smart, if you think about it cynically." Gershkovich was held in Moscow's infamous Lefortovo jail, which has held some of the country's most high-profile inmates over the years, including political prisoners and dissidents. During the Great Terror of Joseph Stalin in the 1930s, torture and execution were commonplace.
格什科维奇形容那段经历“极其孤立、令人难以忍受”：“在那么狭小的空间里，人的心理状态会逐渐崩溃。”不过他也表示自己受到了还算不错的对待：“他们允许我睡觉，食物也还不错。”他在莫斯科出庭时对着镜头微笑的照片被传遍了全世界——他说，这其实是有意为之，目的是向外界表明自己依然安然无恙。
He described it as a "really isolating experience", in a tiny space. "That wears on you psychologically," Gershkovich said, but added that he was treated ok: "I was allowed to sleep, the food was fine." Pictures of Gershkovich smiling at cameras during his court appearances in Moscow were broadcast around the world - and that was deliberate, he said - a way of showing that he was alright.
“我想向人们展示这种反抗……我们都知道这是一起捏造的案件，所以如果这是一场戏，那就别让（莫斯科）按照他们想要的方式演下去。”
"I wanted to show people this kind of defiance... We know that this is a fabricated case, and so if this is a game of theatre, let's not let [Moscow] have it play out the way they want it to."
但他强调，并非每个在俄罗斯监狱里的人都有他这样的经历：“有些人……遭受了酷刑。他们作为人的尊严被摧毁，被剥夺食物和热水淋浴，被告知永远见不到家人。我所受的待遇则完全不同。”格什科维奇将自己的经历与乌克兰记者维多利亚·罗申娜（Viktoriia Roshchyna）的案件进行了对比，后者于2024年在俄罗斯被关押期间去世，年仅27岁。几个月后，当她的遗体最终被送回时，据报道显示有遭受酷刑的痕迹，且器官已被摘除。
But he stressed that not everyone's time in a Russian prison is like his: "Some people... get tortured. They get broken as human beings, deprived of food, of hot water for showers, told that they're never going to see their families again. I was treated completely differently." Gershkovich compared his experience to the case of Ukrainian journalist Viktoriia Roshchyna, who died while in Russian captivity in 2024, aged 27. Months later, when her body was finally returned, it reportedly showed signs of torture and her organs had been removed.
格什科维奇在囚犯交换发生前三周就已获悉计划——他说那是一段“极其痛苦”的时光，“因为现在每一天都变得漫长得令人煎熬”。
Gershkovich knew there was a prisoner swap planned three weeks before it happened - an "excruciating" time, he said, "because now every day is painfully long".
但当这一刻最终在2024年8月1日到来时，那是“纯粹的喜悦”。
But then, when it finally did happen, on 1 August 2024, it was a moment of "pure joy".
然而，“喜悦会消退，肾上腺素会平息，你不得不面对回归正常生活的现实。”格什科维奇说，这段时期很艰难，有时甚至让人难以承受。他失眠，在人群拥挤时会惊恐发作，而且因为试图压抑情绪而变得脾气暴躁。
But then "the joy fades, the adrenaline subsides, and you're faced with the reality of having to return to normal life again." Gershkovich said this period was difficult and sometimes overwhelming. He wasn't sleeping, suffered panic attacks in large crowds and had a short temper because he was trying to hold in his emotions.
他咨询了专门治疗创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的治疗师，并表示撰写关于自己这段磨难的书也有所帮助。
He has seen therapists who specialise in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and said writing a book on his ordeal also helped.
那么，未来还会回到俄罗斯吗？格什科维奇与这个国家有着深厚的渊源——他的父母在20世纪70年代从苏联移居美国。他在讲俄语的家庭中长大，拥有一个俄语名字，25岁时搬到那里，并在当地结识了许多朋友，包括他的俄罗斯女友。
And what about a return to Russia? Gershkovich has a deep history with the country - his parents moved to the US from the Soviet Union in the 1970s. He grew up in a Russian-speaking home, with a Russian name, moved there when he was 25 and made many there, including his Russian girlfriend.
“我希望有一天能回去，但我想我们得看看（俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·）普京之后会发生什么。而且，下一届政府是否会更好，目前还完全不清楚。”
"I would hope to get back one day, but I guess we'll have to see what comes after [Russian President Vladimir] Putin. And it's not completely clear that the next government will be any better."