独家报道：周一，一位联邦法官驳回了莱利·盖恩斯（Riley Gaines）针对美国全国大学体育协会（NCAA）的诉讼。法官认为，现有证据无法证明NCAA属于《第九条》（Title IX）法规规定的、必须接受联邦财政资助的机构。盖恩斯及“女性体育独立委员会”（Independent Council on Women’s Sports, ICONS）表示将提出上诉。
FIRST ON FOX: A federal judge dismissed Riley Gaines’ lawsuit against the NCAA on Monday after concluding that the evidence did not establish the NCAA as a recipient of federal financial assistance subject to Title IX. Gaines and the Independent Council on Women’s Sports (ICONS) plan to appeal.
盖恩斯与其他十几名现役及退役女大学生于2024年3月提起了这起诉讼，指控NCAA通过允许生理男性参加女子比赛并使用女子更衣室的政策，侵犯了她们依据《第九条》享有的权利。
Gaines and more than a dozen other current and former female college athletes filed the lawsuit in March 2024, alleging the NCAA violated their Title IX rights by adopting and enforcing policies that permitted biological males to compete in women’s events and use women’s locker rooms.
盖恩斯在一份声明中表示：“这一暂时的挫折丝毫不会动摇我和其他女运动员的决心。请放心，我们会对这一裁决提出上诉。我们站在正义的一方，我相信美国人民会支持我们与NCAA抗争。”原告们有30天的时间向美国第十一巡回上诉法院提交上诉申请。
"This momentary setback will not deter me or other women athletes in the least," Gaines said in a statement. "Rest assured, we will be appealing this decision. We are on the side of truth. I am confident Americans will rally to our side to fight the NCAA."
乔治亚州北区联邦法官蒂芙尼·R·约翰逊（Tiffany R. Johnson）批准了NCAA提出的关于该诉讼中《第九条》相关指控的“简易判决”请求。约翰逊于2024年由前总统乔·拜登任命为联邦法官。
The plaintiffs have 30 days to file a notice of appeal with the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 11th Circuit, U.S. District Judge Tiffany R. Johnson of the Northern District of Georgia granted the NCAA’s motion for summary judgment on the lawsuit’s remaining Title IX claims. Johnson was nominated to the federal bench by former President Joe Biden in 2024.
根据判决书内容，NCAA与国防部为相关研究项目分别设立了独立的资金渠道；虽然双方都向印第安纳大学提供了资金，但国防部的资金直接流向了该大学及其他研究参与者，而非NCAA本身。
Johnson found that the NCAA and the Defense Department maintained separate funding streams for the research. Both contributed money to Indiana University, but the department’s money went to the university and other research participants rather than to the NCAA, according to the order.
法官还驳回了运动员们提出的以下论点：NCAA通过某些员工差旅费用的报销方式间接获得了联邦资助，或者通过控制相关实体间接获得了联邦资金。
The judge also rejected the athletes’ arguments that the NCAA indirectly received federal funding, controlled entities that received the money or became a federal-funding recipient through reimbursements for certain employee travel expenses.
“目前没有任何证据表明美国全国大学体育协会（NCAA）曾经收到或有可能收到过联邦政府的资金，”约翰逊在判决书中写道。“因此，原告的《第九条》（Title IX）相关诉讼主张无法继续进行。”该裁决的核心在于：NCAA是否属于联邦财政援助的接受者——这是依据《第九条》追究其法律责任的前提条件。不过，裁决并未对NCAA此前针对跨性别运动员的政策是否构成性别歧视作出判断。
"Here, there is no evidence that the NCAA ever received, or could have received, federal funds," Johnson wrote. "Thus, Plaintiffs’ Title IX claims cannot proceed." The ruling turned on whether the NCAA qualifies as a recipient of federal financial assistance, a prerequisite for liability under Title IX. It did not decide whether the NCAA’s former transgender-athlete policy constituted sex discrimination.
这起诉讼的焦点在于2022年在佐治亚理工学院举行的NCAA一级女子游泳和跳水锦标赛：当时，宾夕法尼亚大学的前游泳运动员莉亚·托马斯（Lia Thomas）成为首位公开身份为跨性别者的运动员，并在该赛事中夺得冠军。
The case centered heavily on the 2022 NCAA Division I Women’s Swimming and Diving Championships at Georgia Tech, where former University of Pennsylvania swimmer Lia Thomas became the first openly transgender athlete to win an NCAA Division I championship.
当时效力于肯塔基大学的盖恩斯（Gaines）在200码自由泳决赛中与托马斯并列第五名。盖恩斯还称，在比赛期间，她和其他女运动员被迫与托马斯共用更衣室。
Gaines, then swimming for the University of Kentucky, tied Thomas for fifth place in the 200-yard freestyle final. Gaines has also said she and other female swimmers were required to share a locker room with Thomas during the championships.
诉讼涉及的运动员来自多个体育项目，包括游泳运动员凯莉·阿隆斯（Kylee Alons）、雷卡·乔治（Reka Gyorgy）、凯特琳·惠勒（Kaitlynn Wheeler）和格蕾丝·康蒂（Grace Countie）；前圣何塞州立大学排球运动员布鲁克·斯卢瑟（Brooke Slusser）以及前罗阿诺克学院游泳运动员莉莉·穆伦斯（Lily Mullens）。
The lawsuit named athletes from multiple sports, including swimmers Kylee Alons, Reka Gyorgy, Kaitlynn Wheeler and Grace Countie, former San Jose State volleyball player Brooke Slusser and former Roanoke College swimmer Lily Mullens.
此前，约翰逊已经驳回了原告的宪法权利主张以及他们针对乔治亚大学系统、佐治亚理工学院等被告的指控。然而在2025年9月，她暂时允许原告继续依据《第九条》对NCAA提起诉讼，认为这些运动员有合理的理由怀疑NCAA通过与美国国防部的脑震荡研究合作项目获得了联邦政府的财政援助。
Johnson previously dismissed the plaintiffs’ constitutional and bodily-privacy claims, as well as their claims against the University System of Georgia, Georgia Tech and other state defendants. However, in September 2025 she allowed the Title IX claims against the NCAA to survive temporarily, finding that the athletes had plausibly alleged that the organization received federal assistance through a concussion-research partnership with the Department of Defense.
随后，法院批准了针对NCAA与美国国防部之间关系的有限调查程序。
The court then authorized limited discovery specifically addressing the NCAA’s relationship with the Defense Department.
莱利·盖恩斯（Riley Gaines）以及女性体育权益活动家们对美国最高法院关于《第九条》（Title IX）的裁决表达了她们真实的感受与情绪。这一裁决遵循了最高法院在1999年“NCAA诉史密斯案”（NCAA v. Smith）中确立的判例框架：在该案中，法院裁定NCAA并不因从接受联邦资金的成员机构收取会费而受《第九条》的约束。
RILEY GAINES AND WOMEN'S SPORTS ACTIVISTS SHARE HONEST REACTIONS, EMOTIONS TO SCOTUS TITLE IX RULING The decision follows the framework established by the Supreme Court’s 1999 ruling in NCAA v. Smith. In that case, the high court held that the NCAA was not subjected to Title IX merely because it collected dues from member institutions that received federal funds.
ICONS组织的联合创始人金·琼斯（Kim Jones）表示，该组织认为约翰逊（Johnson）的裁决是错误的，并预测上诉法院会认定：管理着1100多所成员院校的NCAA确实应受《第九条》的约束。她强调：“我们不会放弃为女性和女孩在体育领域争取权益的斗争。ICONS将支持莱利·盖恩斯、布鲁克·斯卢瑟（Brooke Slusser）、凯莉·阿隆斯（Kylee Alons）、雷卡·乔治（Reka Gyorgy）、凯特琳·惠勒（Kaitlynn Wheeler）、格蕾丝·康蒂（Grace Countie）、艾斯利·埃尔岑（Ainsley Erzen）以及许多其他依赖NCAA来维护自身平等机会却遭到其辜负的年轻女性的上诉。”
ICONS co-founder Kim Jones said the organization believes Johnson erred and predicted the appeals court would conclude that the NCAA, which governs more than 1,100 member colleges and universities, is covered by Title IX. "We will not give up our fight for women and girls’ rights in sports," Jones said. "ICONS will support an appeal by Riley Gaines, Brooke Slusser, Kylee Alons, Reka Gyorgy, Kaitlynn Wheeler, Grace Countie, Ainsley Erzen, Lily Mullens and the many other young women who depended on the NCAA to protect their equal opportunities but were let down by the NCAA."
NCAA已不再执行那项引发诉讼的资格政策。2025年2月，在唐纳德·特朗普总统的行政命令下，该组织修改了相关规定，禁止出生时被认定为男性的运动员参加女子体育比赛；不过这些运动员仍可以继续与女子队伍一起训练，并享受相关训练福利。
The NCAA no longer uses the eligibility policy challenged in the lawsuit. In February 2025, following an executive order from President Donald Trump, the organization changed its rules to prohibit athletes assigned male at birth from competing on women’s teams. Such athletes may still practice with women’s teams and receive certain benefits associated with practicing.
ICONS组织的另一位联合创始人马希·史密斯（Marshi Smith）对周一的裁决表示，她敦促国会议员们反对《保护大学体育法案》（Protect College Sports Act）——这项由NCAA支持的综合性法案旨在制定全国统一的运动员薪酬、转会及资格标准，同时为NCAA、各体育联盟及学校提供反垄断保护。该法案已在参议院以77票赞成、22票反对的结果获得通过，目前正被提交至众议院审议。
ICONS co-founder Marshi Smith responded to Monday’s decision by urging members of Congress to oppose the Protect College Sports Act, a sweeping bill backed by the NCAA that would establish national rules governing athlete compensation, transfers and eligibility while providing certain antitrust protections to the NCAA, conferences and schools. The Senate passed the legislation Monday by a 77-22 vote, sending it to the House.
这项两党联合提案的牵头人为德克萨斯州的共和党参议员泰德·克鲁兹（Ted Cruz）和华盛顿州的民主党参议员玛丽亚·坎特威尔（Maria Cantwell）。
The bipartisan proposal is led by Sens. Ted Cruz, R-Texas, and Maria Cantwell, D-Wash.
“NCAA拒绝承认自己在维护女性权利方面的责任，这意味着人们无法信任该组织来监管任何形式的体育活动（无论是男子运动还是女子运动），”史密斯说道。
"The NCAA’s refusal to recognize its responsibility to uphold women’s rights means the NCAA cannot be trusted to regulate anyone’s sports — men’s or women’s," Smith said.
史密斯认为，在NCAA成功辩称自己不受《第九条法规》（Title IX）的约束之后，国会不应再授予其更多权力。
Smith argued that Congress should not grant the NCAA additional authority after the organization successfully maintained that it was not covered by Title IX.
“人们不能信任NCAA会获得这些新的权力；它们只会被用来进一步伤害女性，”她补充道。NCAA尚未对记者的评论请求作出回应。
"The NCAA cannot be trusted to receive broad new powers that it will only use to inflict further harm upon women," she said. The NCAA did not immediately respond to a request for comment.