东京消息——《日经新闻》获悉，日本最早将于下一财年成立一个机构，用于投资国防初创企业并促进出口，此举旨在支持先进军民两用技术的国内生产。
TOKYO -- Japan will set up an organization as early as next fiscal year to invest in defense startups and promote exports, in an effort to back domestic production of advanced dual-use technology, Nikkei has learned.
这个新的独立行政法人机构将通过支持企业和研究机构，来推动创新、扩大国防装备转让并巩固日本的生产基础。相关立法将于明年提交国会。
The new independent administrative agency will promote innovation, expand defense equipment transfers and strengthen Japan's production base by supporting companies and research institutions. Legislation to create it will be submitted to the parliament next year.
该机构由防务省和经济产业省共同运营，其核心将是一个投资于单一初创企业的基金，以提供运营和研究资金。它还将通过公开招标程序选择风险投资公司，向私营部门的基金提供资本。东京的目标是鼓励无人机及其他先进装备的大规模生产。
The agency, to be run by the Defense Ministry and the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, will center on a fund to invest in individual startups, providing operating and research funds. It will provide capital to private-sector funds as well, selecting venture capital firms through a public bidding process. Tokyo aims to encourage mass production of drones and other advanced equipment.
此项支持旨在为流入日本国防领域初创企业的资金“引水”，与海外同行相比，该领域的初创企业一直难以吸引投资。
The support is meant to prime the pump for flows of capital into startups in Japan's defense sector which has struggled to attract investment compared with peers overseas.
国防工业被首相高市早苗政府在7月份批准的一项增长战略中列为17个战略领域之一。东京的目标是，到2040财年，在军民两用技术领域的公私合营投资总额达到4.3万亿日元（约合273亿美元）。
The defense industry is among the 17 strategic areas named by Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi's government in a growth strategy approved in July. Tokyo targets a total of 4.3 trillion yen ($27.3 billion) in public- and private-sector investment in dual-use technology by fiscal 2040.
该基金的投资旨在具有临时性质，持续到私营部门的资金开始涌入为止。希望通过让政府在早期承担风险来提高可预测性，并鼓励私人投资。
The fund's investments are intended to be temporary, lasting until private-sector money starts flowing in. The hope is that having the government assume risk early on will improve predictability and encourage private investment.
东京还设想该机构发挥类似于美国“对外军售”项目的职能，采购国内生产的国防装备用于出口。该组织将带头协助企业自身难以处理的事务，例如修改产品规格以满足外国买家的需求。日本于4月修订了防卫装备转移限制，允许出口致命性武器。
Tokyo also envisions the agency playing a similar role to the U.S. Foreign Military Sales program, buying domestically produced defense equipment for export. The organization will take the lead on helping with tasks that are difficult for companies to handle themselves, such as modifying product specifications to meet the needs of foreign buyers. Japan in April revised its restrictions on defense equipment transfers to allow exports of lethal weapons.
预计新机构还将管理政府所有、承包商运营的设施。通过这一框架，东京将有助于在平时维持产能，以便在紧急情况下迅速增产弹药等物资。
The new agency is expected to manage government-owned, contractor-operated facilities as well. Through this framework, Tokyo will help maintain capacity in peacetime that can be used to ramp up production of items such as ammunition in an emergency.
日本防卫省担忧，国内几乎没有能靠为自卫队制造装备生存下来的初创企业。
Japan's Defense Ministry worries that there are next to no domestic startups that can survive on making equipment for the Self-Defense Forces.
无人机和AI辅助瞄准等两用技术通过实战使用经历快速迭代和改进。在俄乌战争中，双方都投入大量无人机，弱点可在两到三周内修复。
Dual-use technologies like drones and AI-enabled targeting undergo rapid iteration and improvement through battlefield use. In Russia's war on Ukraine, in which both sides are fielding huge numbers of drones, weaknesses can be fixed within two to three weeks.
虽然由大型承包商负责的驱逐舰和战斗机等大型装备需要数年才能完成，但日本正寻求初创企业生产可在较短时间内制成的装备，以快速适应安全环境的变化。
While big items such as destroyers and fighter jets that are handled by large contractors take years to complete, Japan is looking to startups for items that can be turned out in a shorter time to quickly adapt to changes in the security environment.