9月中旬，穆罕默德开始听到来自远处村庄的炮击声和枪声。他的村庄位于塔伊兹省贾贝尔哈巴希区。第二天，战事加剧，枪炮声也越来越近。
In mid-September, Mohammed started hearing the sound of shelling and gunfire in the distance from his village in the Jabal Habashi district of Taiz. By the following day, the fighting had intensified, and the sounds were drawing closer.
平静了四年后，也门重燃战火，胡塞反叛武装正试图向政府控制区推进。战事让穆罕默德这样的平民不敢在家中和农场周围活动。
After four years of calm, Yemen’s return to violence had arrived at Jabal Habashi, where the Houthi rebels are attempting to advance in government-held areas. The fighting has left civilians, like the 39-year-old Mohammed, afraid of moving around their homes and farms.
穆罕默德 soon soon携妻子和孩子逃离村庄，前往塔伊兹市。但塔伊兹是也门最大的城市之一，也面临着胡塞武装的威胁。在也门持续12年的战争中，这座城市大部分时间都处于也门政府与胡塞武装交战的前线。
Mohammed soon fled his village with his wife and child, heading to the city of Taiz. But Taiz, one of Yemen’s largest cities, is itself under threat from the Houthis, having sat on the front lines between the Yemeni government and the Houthis for the majority of the country’s 12-year war.
穆罕默德至少在一名亲属那里找到了栖身之所，但如今还有数千人从乡村来到塔伊兹，只能栖身在流离失所者营地中。
Mohammed has at least found shelter with one of his relatives, but thousands of others arriving in Taiz from the countryside are now staying in displacement camps.
“幸运的是，我有一个亲戚，哪怕只是暂时收留我。我无法忍受拥挤的营地生活，那里无法获得食物、医疗服务和卫生设施。”穆罕默德告诉半岛电视台。
“I am lucky to have a relative who can accommodate me even temporarily. I cannot stand life in crowded camps lacking access to food, healthcare and sanitation,” Mohammed told Al Jazeera.
穆罕默德是塔伊兹及也门其他受冲突影响地区新增流离失所者中的一员。这股流离失所潮使本已不堪重负的人道主义救援服务承受着更大压力。
Mohammed is part of a wave of displacement in Taiz and other conflict-affected parts of Yemen, increasing pressure on already overstretched humanitarian services.
这股流离失所潮始于胡塞武装9月迅速推进。他们控制了也门红海沿岸的全部地区，并加强了对曼德海峡这一重要国际航运通道的控制。
The wave began when the Houthis made a rapid advance in September, taking over the entire Red Sea coast of Yemen and tightening their grip on the Bab al-Mandeb strait, a vital international shipping route.
受战争影响，道路和港口运作受阻。为数千名生活在临时流离失所营地的也门人提供援助，已成为政府和 humanitarian groups 面临的紧迫问题。‘痛苦与死亡’联合国9月22日表示，最近一轮战斗造成的境内流离失所者人数可能增至超过23万，加上也门此前已有的520多万境内流离失所者。
With roads and port operations affected by war, providing aid for the thousands of Yemenis living in the makeshift displacement camps has now become a pressing concern for the government and humanitarian groups. ‘Agony and death’Internal displacement from the most recent bout of fighting could swell to more than 230,000 the United Nations said on September 22, on top of the more than 5.2 million people who were already internally displaced in Yemen.
穆罕默德·拉德曼是扎贝尔哈巴希区流离失所者营地管理执行部门的流离失所事务协调员。过去几天，他走访了多个流离失所者营地。
Mohammed Radman, a displacement coordinator with the Executive Unit for IDP Camp Management in Jabal Habashi district, has visited several of the displacement camps over the past few days.
“道路封锁给泰兹及其他爆发战斗的地区造成了难以言表的人道灾难。”拉德曼告诉半岛电视台，“封路……有时意味着平民可能丧生。”他回忆说，在战斗升级之前，援助物资和必需品能够毫无阻碍地运往泰兹。
“Road closures have caused indescribable human suffering in Taiz and elsewhere where fighting has erupted,” Radman told Al Jazeera. “Closed roads … sometimes mean death for civilians.”Before the escalation in fighting, aid and essential supplies were able to reach Taiz with ease, he recalled.
拉德曼补充说：“如今，出行面临风险；人们必须绕行艰险的山区替代路线。因此，运抵需求者手中的人道主义援助减少，这加剧了民众的痛苦，尤其是流离失所者。”34岁的阿卜杜勒拉赫曼两周前从泰兹省瓦齐亚区流离失所。如今他在泰兹市，但想返回家中，取回遗落的财物。
“Now, travel is risky; travellers must navigate arduous, mountainous alternative roads,” Radman added. “Consequently, the volume of humanitarian aid reaching those in need has declined, and this has heightened the suffering of people, particularly the displaced.”Abdulrahman, 34, was displaced from Taiz governorate’s al-Waziiya district two weeks ago. Today, he is in Taiz city, but he wants to go back to his home to get the possessions he left behind.
“如果道路还像战前那样畅通，我就会回瓦齐亚区的家拿走床垫和燃气罐。但现在，我不确定自己能否安全返回。这一现实让我们很难回到自己的家乡。”阿卜杜勒拉赫曼告诉半岛电视台。
“If the roads were open as they were before the war, I would have gone to my house in al-Waziiya to bring my mattresses and cooking gas cylinders. Now, I am not sure I would be able to return safely. This reality makes it difficult for us to return to our areas,” Abdulrahman told Al Jazeera.
联合国难民署上周表示，联合国在也门开展的人道主义行动面临严重制约。该机构列举了多项限制并拖慢救命援助交付的因素，包括活跃的前线、人员流动限制、通信中断以及道路和基础设施受损。
UNHCR in Yemen said last week that humanitarian operations in the country face severe constraints. The United Nations body cited several factors that limit and slow the delivery of life-saving aid, including active front lines, movement restrictions, telecommunications disruptions, and damaged roads and infrastructure.
援助受阻 泰兹人道主义活动人士阿里·奥斯曼近日走访了多个营地，称流离失所正在当地造成“真正的苦难”。
Aid roadblocks Ali Othman, a humanitarian activist in Taiz who has visited camps in recent days, said displacement was causing “real misery”.
“这些家庭中的大多数人仓皇逃离时，除身上穿的衣服外一无所有；他们躲过了一死，”奥斯曼告诉半岛电视台。“许多人住在一起，共用帐篷。”奥斯曼还列举了其他困难，包括收留流离失所亲人的家庭所承受的负担，以及因战事而实施的出行限制。
“Most of these families fled with nothing but the clothes they wore; they escaped death,” Othman told Al Jazeera. “Many are living together, sharing tents.”Othman listed other difficulties, including the burden on families hosting displaced relatives, and restrictions on movement because of the fighting.
“道路被封锁或处于不安全状态，因此流离失所者营地与外界隔绝，”奥斯曼说。“人道主义机构无法抵达营地，援助可能根本无法送达流离失所者手中；在战争的混乱中，营地中的人遭受着无人看见、无人照料的苦难。”随着道路封闭或变得不安全，运输食品、医疗用品和庇护物资的成本不断上升。
“Roads are blocked or unsafe, and so displacement camps become isolated,” Othman said. “Humanitarian organisations fail to reach camps, and so aid may not reach the displaced at all; people in the camps suffer unseen and uncared for amid the chaos of the war.”The cost of transporting food, medical supplies, and shelter materials rises as roads become closed or unsafe.
“运送人道主义援助变得愈发困难，甚至可能完全无法送达原定援助对象手中，”奥斯曼补充说。
“Delivering humanitarian aid becomes increasingly challenging – or may fail to reach the intended recipients altogether,” Othman added.
国际移民组织估计，超过2200万名也门人——约占该国人口的一半——迫切需要人道主义援助。
The International Organization for Migration estimates that more than 22 million Yemenis, approximately half the population, are in urgent need of humanitarian aid.
据拉德曼介绍，在战事爆发以及胡塞武装夺取穆哈市和港口之前，一辆卡车从穆哈前往塔伊兹市大约需要三小时。
Before the fighting and the Houthi takeover of Mocha city and port, a truck would take about three hours to travel from Mocha to Taiz city, according to Radman.
“如今穆哈—塔伊兹公路已经封闭。从塔伊兹前往亚丁需要六个小时或更长时间。在持续冲突开始之前，同样一段路程大约只需两个小时，”他说。
“Now the Mocha-Taiz road is closed. And a journey from Taiz to Aden requires six hours or more. Before the ongoing conflict, the same journey would have taken about two hours,” he said.
进口量下降 重新爆发的冲突还影响了商品流入也门，导致人们更加担忧食品供应和价格。
Declining imports The renewed conflict is also affecting the flow of commercial goods into Yemen, increasing concerns about food availability and prices.
也门—海湾问题研究中心塔伊兹分中心主任、经济研究员瓦菲克·萨利赫告诉半岛电视台，最近胡塞武装夺取穆哈，以及该反叛组织对红海船只发动的零散袭击，导致抵达也门港口的船只数量减少。
Wafiq Saleh, an economic researcher and executive director of the Taiz Centre for Yemeni-Gulf Studies, told Al Jazeera that the recent Houthi takeover of Mocha and the rebel group’s sporadic attacks on ships on the Red Sea led to a decline in the number of vessels arriving in Yemeni ports.
“该国近90%的食品供应依赖进口，”萨利赫说，“因此，进口物资和援助减少将恶化该国的人道主义局势。这不仅会影响近期流离失所者，其影响还将波及其他社区。”联合国报告表明，8月份小麦和面粉进口量大幅下降——这发生在红海最近一轮战事之前——环比下降48%，较三年均值低32%。与此同时，报告显示，燃料进口量下降得更为惊人——较7月骤降67%，比历史均值低89%，北部港口没有汽油或柴油运抵。
“The country depends on imports for nearly 90 percent of its food commodities,” Saleh said. “So, the shrinking quantity of imports and aid will worsen the humanitarian situation in the country. This will not hurt the recently displaced people alone. Its impact will reach other communities.”A UN report indicated that wheat and flour imports fell sharply in August – before the most recent fighting on the Red Sea – down 48 percent month-on-month and 32 percent below three-year averages. Meanwhile, fuel imports, the report showed, collapsed even further – dropping 67 percent from July and 89 percent below historical averages, with no petrol or diesel reaching northern ports.
摩卡港曾是政府财政收入的重要来源，也是食品和援助物资运输的关键通道。
Mocha port was an important source of government revenue, and it was a critical supply line for food and aid.
“随着[摩卡港]继续停止运作，其对人道主义局势造成的后果显而易见，尤其是过去依赖该港的地区，”萨利赫说。
“As [Mocha port] continues to be out of operation, the consequences on the humanitarian situation are crystal-clear, especially in areas that used to depend on it,” Saleh said.
9月23日，国际人道主义组织、发展组织和民间社会组织警告称，也门的人道主义危机正在加剧，并呼吁出席联合国大会的世界领导人采取紧急行动，保护人道主义援助并确保援助顺利送达，维持基本服务，并支持由也门主导的全面和平进程。
On September 23, international humanitarian, development, and civil society organisations warned that the humanitarian crisis in Yemen was worsening, and called on world leaders attending the UN General Assembly to take urgent action to protect humanitarian aid and ensure its delivery, maintain essential services, and support a comprehensive, Yemeni-led peace process.
然而，在也门当地，冲突毫无缓解迹象；如果胡塞武装继续推进在塔伊兹夺取更多领土的行动，或者政府推进反击，冲突还可能进一步升级。
But on the ground in Yemen, the conflict shows no signs of abating, and instead has the potential to escalate further if the Houthis press ahead with their campaign to take more territory in Taiz, or if the government moves forward with its counterattack.
因此，即使人道主义组织正努力应对不断增长的需求，流离失所危机仍可能进一步恶化。
The displacement crisis will therefore likely worsen, even as humanitarian groups struggle to meet the growing needs.
穆罕默德从贾贝尔哈巴希逃离后说，一周前他在塔伊兹市被登记为流离失所者，但他的处境十分艰难。
Mohammed, having fled Jabal Habashi, said he wased as a displaced person a week ago in Taiz city. But he is struggling.
“我没有收到任何援助，也不知道自己能否获得援助，”他说，“这里到处都是流离失所者。”
“I have not received any aid, and I do not know whether I will receive any,” he said. “There is a sea of displaced people.”