9月29日：美国一家上诉法院周二维持了对信息服务公司汤森路透（Thomson Reuters）的裁决，该裁决涉及其与前法律研究竞争对手Ross Intelligence之间的版权纠纷。Ross Intelligence被指控未经授权使用汤森路透的版权材料来训练其基于人工智能的法律搜索引擎。
Sept 29 : A US appeals court on Tuesday upheld a ruling for information services company Thomson Reuters in its copyright dispute with former legal-research rival Ross Intelligence over Ross' alleged misuse of copyrighted material to train an AI-powered legal search engine.
这家总部位于费城的美国第三巡回上诉法院驳回了Ross Intelligence的辩护理由，即其搜索引擎对汤森路透旗下的Westlaw平台中的内容属于“合理使用”（即符合版权法规定的使用方式）。这是美国上诉法院在一系列涉及人工智能训练的高风险版权纠纷案件中作出的首例此类裁决。该上诉法院作出裁决的具体理由目前尚未公开。汤森路透是路透社（Reuters News）的母公司。
The Philadelphia-based 3rd US Circuit Court of Appeals rejected Ross' argument that its search engine made fair use of material from Thomson Reuters' Westlaw platform, a first-of-its-kind ruling by a U.S. appeals court in a wave of high-stakes copyright cases over AI training. The appeals court's reasoning for its decision is currently sealed. Thomson Reuters is the parent company of Reuters News.
2020年，汤森路透起诉Ross Intelligence，指控其抄袭了Westlaw平台中的“法律摘要”（这些摘要总结了法院判决中的关键法律要点），并称Ross Intelligence利用这些摘要训练了自己的法律搜索引擎。汤森路透认为Ross Intelligence的行为属于侵权行为。
Thomson Reuters' 2020 lawsuit accused legal research company Ross Intelligence of copying Westlaw's "headnotes," which summarize points of law in court opinions. It accused Ross of misusing thousands of headnotes to train its competing AI-based legal search engine.
由于面临汤森路透的诉讼成本，Ross Intelligence于2021年关闭了自己的平台。
Ross shut down its platform in 2021, citing the costs of Thomson Reuters' litigation.
近年来，许多作者、新闻机构、音乐唱片公司等都对科技公司提起了诉讼，指控它们未经授权使用受版权保护的作品来训练人工智能系统。汤森路透的这起诉讼是美国上诉法院首次审理的涉及人工智能训练的版权纠纷案件；不过与其他类似纠纷不同，汤森路透的案例并不涉及“生成式人工智能”（即能够创造新内容的人工智能技术）。
Authors, news outlets, music labels and others have filed dozens of lawsuits against tech companies over the unauthorized use of copyrighted works to train AI systems. Thomson Reuters' case is the first copyright dispute over AI training to be heard by a US appeals court, though unlike those disputes, Thomson Reuters' case does not involve generative AI - artificial intelligence that creates new content.
据指控，Ross Intelligence利用汤森路透的“法律摘要”来训练自己的搜索引擎，以便在用户查询时能够识别相关的法院判决。该公司辩称其人工智能训练行为属于“合理使用”，这一论点在涉及人工智能训练的版权纠纷中具有重要的法律意义。
Ross allegedly used Thomson Reuters' headnotes to train its search engine to identify relevant court opinions in response to user queries. The company argued that its AI training made fair use of the headnotes, raising a pivotal defense for legal disputes over AI training.
科技公司通常认为，生成式人工智能系统通过将受版权保护的材料转化为新的形式来“合理使用”这些材料；而版权所有者则认为，这些公司利用他们的作品来开发具有竞争性的产品，从而威胁到了他们的生计。
Tech companies have argued that generative AI systems make fair use of the copyrighted material they are trained on by transforming it into something new, while copyright owners say the companies use their work to generate competing content that threatens their livelihoods.
去年，特拉华州联邦法院的一名法官驳回了罗斯（Ross）提出的“合理使用”抗辩理由，这促使罗斯提出了上诉。
A federal judge in Delaware federal court rejected Ross' fair use defense last year, prompting Ross' appeal.
法官表示：“罗斯提取了这些法律案例的摘要，目的是为了更方便地开发一款竞争性的法律研究工具；因此，罗斯的这种使用行为并不属于‘创造性使用’（即对原有作品的创造性改编或修改）。”
"Ross took the headnotes to make it easier to develop a competing legal research tool," the judge said. "So Ross’s use is not transformative."