东京——日本工业机器人制造商正在扩大其在美国的影响力，旨在将自身定位在人工智能与工厂自动化交汇的核心位置。
TOKYO -- Japanese industrial robot makers are building up their presence in the U.S., aiming to position themselves at the intersection of artificial intelligence and factory automation.
发那科（Fanuc）已在密歇根州庞蒂亚克的一处前通用汽车工厂旧址上开工建设新设施，该工厂于2009年关闭。该公司正为该项目投资9000万美元，计划于明年年底前完工。
Fanuc has begun construction of a facility on the site of a former General Motors plant in Pontiac, Michigan, that was shuttered in 2009. The company is investing $90 million in the project, which is scheduled to be complete by the end of next year.
该公司在声明中表示，这座新工厂和物流中心将“支持北美各地对自动化解决方案日益增长的需求，包括具身智能、虚拟调试和数字孪生技术”。
The new factory and logistics center will "support growing demand for automation solutions across North America, including physical AI, virtual commissioning and digital-twin technologies," the company said in a statement.
具身智能将人工智能、传感器和机器人技术结合起来，使机器能够在现实世界中自主工作。美国在人工智能开发方面处于领先地位，但缺乏具有统治力的本土工业机器人企业。
Physical AI combines artificial intelligence, sensors and robotics to enable machines to work autonomously in the real world. The U.S. is a leader in AI development but lacks a dominant local player in industrial robots.
除了目前在美国制造的汽车喷涂机器人外，该公司还将考虑在其旗舰工业机器人中实现本土化生产。
The company will also consider local production of its flagship industrial robots, in addition to the automotive painting robots it already manufactures in the U.S.
发那科长期以来被股票投资者视为具有高度的中国市场敞口，如今已将美国视为其最重要的市场。在截至3月的财年中，该公司8578亿日元（约合54.5亿美元）的合并销售额中，美洲市场占27.1%，中国市场占26.6%。
Long viewed by stock investors as having a high degree of China exposure, Fanuc now counts the U.S. as its most important market. Of the company's 857.8 billion yen ($5.45 billion) in consolidated sales in the year ended March, the Americas accounted for 27.1% while China made up 26.6%.
发那科已与英伟达、谷歌和其他美国科技巨头建立了合作伙伴关系。为了寻求新的增长，它正在扩大其在美国的阵脚。
Fanuc has formed partnerships with Nvidia, Google and other U.S. tech giants. It is enlarging its U.S. foothold in pursuit of fresh growth.
安川电机（Yaskawa Electric）正投资约1.8亿美元在威斯康星州建设一座工厂。
Yaskawa Electric is building a factory in Wisconsin with investments of about $180 million.
在工厂工人短缺等东风的鼓舞下，竞争对手也在采取行动。安川正在威斯康星州建设一座耗资1.8亿美元的工厂。据副董事长小川昌宏透露，该公司将在截至2029年2月的财年之前开始本土生产配备人工智能的工业机器人。
Competitors are also on the move, encouraged by tailwinds like shortages of factory workers. Yaskawa is building a $180 million factory in Wisconsin. The company will begin local production of AI-equipped industrial robots by the year ending February 2029, according to Vice Chairman Masahiro Ogawa.
Nachi-Fujikoshi也计划在美国开始工业机器人的生产。该公司计划在印第安纳州的一家现有工厂安装自动化机器人生产线，预计今年内就能投入运营。这将成为这家日本公司在海外的第二个机器人生产基地（继中国之后）。
Nachi-Fujikoshi also aims to start industrial robot production in the U.S. It plans to install an automated robot assembly line at an existing factory in Indiana with operations to begin as soon as this year. This would be the Japanese company's second overseas robot production base after China.
川崎重工业（Kawasaki Heavy Industries）于5月在硅谷建立了人工智能与机器人技术研发基地，该公司正与Nvidia、Microsoft等企业合作，共同开发医疗和护理领域的解决方案。
Kawasaki Heavy Industries established an AI robotics development facility in Silicon Valley in May, as the company collaborates with Nvidia, Microsoft and others on healthcare and nursing-care solutions.
根据日本Okasan Securities的估计，2024年Fanuc在美国工业机器人市场中的市场份额为56%，而Yaskawa的市场份额为7%，位列第三。
Fanuc held a 56% share of the U.S. industrial robot market in 2024, while Yaskawa ranked third with 7%, according to estimates by Japan-based Okasan Securities.
长期以来，日本制造商一直主导着中国的工业机器人市场；不过，由于价格更具竞争力，像Estun Automation和Inovance Technology这样的本土企业正在迅速崛起。
Japanese manufacturers have long dominated China's industrial robot market, but local challengers like Estun Automation and Inovance Technology are growing fast thanks to their lower prices.
根据Market Intelligence Resource的数据，Fanuc去年在中国市场的出货量份额首次被竞争对手超越。
Fanuc lost its long-held lead in unit shipments in China last year, according to Market Intelligence Resource.
日本机器人制造商正将业务重心从中国转向美国。2023财年，Fanuc和Yaskawa在美洲地区的总销售额达到了3616亿日元，超过了在中国市场的销售额；2025财年，美洲地区的销售额为3607亿日元，而在中国市场的销售额为3445亿日元。
Japanese robot makers are shifting their focus from China to the U.S. Combined Americas sales at Fanuc and Yaskawa reached 361.6 billion yen in fiscal 2023, overtaking China sales. Americas sales in fiscal 2025 totaled 360.7 billion yen, compared with 344.5 billion yen in China.
除了Fanuc和Yaskawa之外，欧洲的Kuka和ABB也是该行业的主要竞争者。虽然中国的新兴企业发展迅速，但美国目前还没有本土的工业机器人巨头。
Besides Fanuc and Yaskawa, the industry is led by European players Kuka and ABB. While Chinese hopefuls are rising quickly, the U.S. lacks a home-grown industrial robot powerhouse.
然而，对于希望进入美国市场的日本企业来说，供应链仍然是一个挑战。人们对于当地企业能否提供高质量的电子电路板、电机等关键零部件表示怀疑。
But supply chains remain a challenge for Japanese companies looking to break into the American market. There are doubts about the ability of local companies to supply high-quality electronic circuit boards, motors and other critical parts.
Fanuc总裁山口健二（Kenji Yamaguchi）表示：“如果无法在当地采购零部件，成本可能会上升。”
"Costs could rise if we cannot source components locally," Fanuc President Kenji Yamaguchi said.
Fanuc的大部分供应商都是日本企业，这些企业经过数十年的技术积累，已经能够满足Fanuc的产品标准。
Most of Fanuc's suppliers are Japanese companies that have spent decades refining their technologies to meet company standards.
在美国寻找或开发能够达到这些标准的供应商并非易事，原因在于该国工业机器人制造基础相对薄弱。
Finding or developing suppliers capable of those standards in the U.S. is not easy due to the country's relatively limited industrial robot manufacturing base.
“许多其他日本制造商似乎也在从日本发运零部件，”另一位发那科高管表示。
"Many other Japanese manufacturers also appear to be shipping components from Japan," said another Fanuc executive.
自美国总统唐纳德·特朗普2025年重返白宫以来，影响机器人相关制成品的关税已多次变动，造成不确定性。12.5%的额外关税于7月生效。
Tariffs affecting robot-related manufactured goods have changed repeatedly since U.S. President Donald Trump returned to the White House in 2025, creating uncertainty. Additional tariffs of 12.5% came into effect in July.
发那科高管表示，虽然本地生产可避免成品直接面临关税，但进口电机等零部件同样适用类似关税。
While local production can avoid direct tariffs on finished products, similar duties apply to imported components like motors as well, said the Fanuc executive.
根据国际机器人联合会数据，2025年美国新增工业机器人安装量增长12%至38,400台，远低于中国的350,000台。
New industrial robot installations in the U.S. in 2025 were up 12% to 38,400 units, according to the International Federation of Robotics, falling far short of China's 350,000 units.