通用汽车与LG新能源将投资10亿美元，将位于田纳西州斯普林希尔的工厂改造为全球首座量产棱柱形锂锰富集电池的工厂。欧洲车企正投入相当规模的资金布局磷酸铁锂电池，而通用汽车电池部门负责人表示，这种化学体系可能永远不会进入其车型。
GM and LG Energy Solution will spend $1B turning their Spring Hill plant into the first factory to mass-produce prismatic lithium manganese-rich cells. Europe’s carmakers are spending comparable sums on lithium iron phosphate, the chemistry GM’s battery chief says may never earn its way into its cars.
通用汽车与LG新能源将投资10亿美元，把位于田纳西州斯普林希尔的工厂改建为首座量产棱柱形锂锰富集电池（LMR）的工厂。工程将于今年晚些时候动工，预计2028年完工。这是双方首次为该化学体系确定生产基地。
General Motors and LG Energy Solution will spend $1B turning their Spring Hill plant in Tennessee into the first factory to mass-produce prismatic lithium manganese-rich cells, or LMR. Work starts later this year and finishes by 2028. It is the first time either has named a site for the chemistry.
与通用汽车现有电池相比，这种电池钴、镍含量大幅降低，锰含量大幅提高。据InsideEVs报道，通用汽车称，在成本持平的情况下，其能量密度比最优秀的磷酸铁锂电池高出33%。
The cells carry far less cobalt and nickel than GM’s current ones, and much more manganese. GM claims 33% more energy density than the best lithium iron phosphate cells at the same cost, as InsideEVs reported.
通用汽车希望将这种电池用于全尺寸皮卡和大型SUV，续航里程超过400英里（约644公里）。首批搭载车型预计2028年推出。
It wants that in full-size pickups and large sport utility vehicles, with over 400 miles of range. The first cars are due in 2028.
这笔投资是在2021年承诺的23亿美元和2022年追加的2.75亿美元基础上增加的。该工厂目前已生产磷酸铁锂电池，但用于储能而非汽车。
The money builds on $2.3B committed in 2021 and $275M more in 2022. The plant already makes lithium iron phosphate cells, but for energy storage rather than cars.
通用汽车此前已为该化学体系投入9亿美元，在密歇根州沃伦的试点生产线日产2500个电芯。斯普林希尔工厂将实现量产。
GM had already committed $900M to the chemistry, with a pilot line in Warren, Michigan making 2,500 cells a day. Spring Hill is where volume comes from.
通用汽车电池部门负责人库尔特·凯尔蒂在6月进一步表示，磷酸铁锂可能永远不会进入通用汽车的产品组合，他对electrive说道。
Kurt Kelty, GM’s battery chief, went further in June. Lithium iron phosphate may never earn its way into GM’s portfolio at all, he told electrive.
欧洲则走向另一条路。大众汽车刚将其西班牙电池合资企业49%的股份出售给国轩高科，以在瓦伦西亚生产磷酸铁锂电池。Stellantis与宁德时代正在萨拉戈萨建设50吉瓦时的磷酸铁锂产能。
Europe is moving the other way. Volkswagen just sold 49% of its Spanish battery venture to Gotion to make lithium iron phosphate at Valencia. Stellantis and CATL are building 50 GWh of it at Zaragoza.
欧洲押注廉价电池比高能量密度电池更重要，因为欧洲生产的车型多为小型车。通用汽车则押注高能量密度电池也能低成本制造。
Europe is betting that cheap cells matter more than dense ones, because the cars built here are small. GM is betting that dense cells can be made cheap.
关键在于材料。LG新能源的研究显示，该电池在883次循环后仍保持92.2%的容量保持率，这回应了耐久性方面的质疑。但这并未解决锰的来源问题。
The catch is the material. LG Energy Solution’s research showed the cells holding 92.2% of capacity after 883 cycles, which answers the durability objection. It does not answer where the manganese comes from.
欧盟委员会表示，该集团完全依赖进口电池级锰。开采环节的依赖度达96%，加工环节为66%，而预计到2030年需求将达到74,000吨。
The European Commission says the bloc is fully dependent on imports of battery-grade manganese. Reliance runs at 96% for extraction and 66% for processing, against demand forecast at 74,000 tonnes by 2030.
通用汽车的计划进展并不顺利。俄亥俄州电池厂在停摆七个月后于8月重启，此前因美国税收抵免被取消而关闭。
GM’s plans have not run smoothly. The Ohio cell plant restarted in August after seven idle months, closed when the US tax credit was withdrawn.
根据《关键原材料法案》，锰属于战略原材料。用锰替代钴将减少欧洲的一项依赖，却会加深另一项依赖。
Manganese is a strategic raw material under the Critical Raw Materials Act. Swapping cobalt for manganese would cut one European dependency and deepen another.
斯普林希尔工厂将于2028年建成投产，那也是首批搭载该电池的汽车问世之年。欧洲尚未宣布建设采用该化学体系的工厂。
Spring Hill finishes in 2028, the year the first cars should carry the cells. No European plant has been announced for the chemistry.