梅利莎·戈尔丁 (MELISSA GOLDIN) 美国总统唐纳德·特朗普正在不断充实他所标榜的经济数据，并宣称其任内实现了历史上最低的贫困数据。
MELISSA GOLDIN President Donald Trump is adding to the economic numbers he touts, claiming the lowest poverty numbers in history.
在某种程度上，他是对的。他在周日和周一再次发表的言论得到了美国人口普查局本月早些时候发布的最新年度贫困报告的支持，该报告发现，2025年的贫困率达到了近70年前开始追踪以来的最低水平。
In part, he is correct. His comments, made Sunday and again Monday , are supported by the Census Bureau’s latest annual poverty report , released earlier this month, which found that the poverty rate in 2025 was the lowest it’s been since tracking began nearly 70 years ago.
但另一项被专家普遍认为更全面的贫困衡量标准并没有处于历史最低点。此外，2025年的贫困率仅反映了特朗普第二任期最初几个月的情况。以下是对事实的详细剖析。
But another measure of poverty, widely regarded among experts as more comprehensive, is not at an all-time low. Plus, the 2025 poverty rate only reflects the first few months of Trump’s second administration. Here’s a closer look at the facts.
特朗普周一表示：“我们拥有历史上最好的贫困数据。我们有最好的贫困状况，也就是最低的。我们有最好的贫困数据。” 事实：这缺少了背景信息。根据人口普查局本月发布的一份报告，2025年的贫困率为10.2%。这是该机构自1959年开始追踪该数据以来的历史最低纪录。然而，这一数据是通过当年3月进行的调查确定的——当时距离特朗普重返白宫仅仅三个月。
TRUMP, on Monday: “We have the best poverty numbers in history. We have the best poverty, meaning the lowest. We have the best poverty numbers.”THE FACTS: This is missing context. The poverty rate in 2025 was 10.2%, according to a report released this month by the Census Bureau. That’s the lowest rate on record since 1959, when the agency started tracking it . However, it was determined using a survey conducted in March of that year — only three months after Trump reentered the White House.
补充贫困指标（该指标与常规贫困率不同，考虑了食品援助等非现金福利以及家庭开支等因素）在2025年为13.1%。而在前总统乔·拜登任内的2021年，该指标曾达到7.7%的历史最低点。
The supplemental poverty measure, which, unlike the poverty rate, accounts for factors such as non-cash benefits like food aid and household expenses, was at 13.1% in 2025. It reached an all-time low of 7.7% in 2021, under former President Joe Biden.
芝加哥大学研究贫困、不平等和经济增长的公共政策教授史蒂芬·杜尔洛夫 (Steven Durlauf) 表示：“他所说的话在事实上是正确的，但这是对贫困状况的一种具有误导性的描述。”
“What he said is factually correct, but it’s a misleading characterization of the state of poverty,” said Steven Durlauf, a professor of public policy at the University of Chicago who studies poverty, inequality and economic growth.
除了通常所说的官方贫困率之外，美国人口普查局还使用补充贫困衡量指标（SPM）来分析相关数据。该指标纳入了补充营养援助计划（SNAP）福利和医疗补助等资源，以及住房和医疗等支出。官方贫困率则将税前现金收入与全国贫困线进行对比，并考虑家庭规模和构成。
In addition to what is known as the official poverty rate, the Census Bureau also examines the numbers using the supplemental poverty measure, or SPM. It accounts for resources such as SNAP benefits and Medicaid, as well as expenses such as housing and medical costs. The official poverty rate compares pretax cash income to a national poverty threshold, taking into account the size and makeup of a family.
自2009年以来，人口普查局一直追踪补充贫困衡量指标。尽管它并非传统贫困率的替代品，但由于其反映了更多额外因素，专家普遍认为该指标更为准确。
The SPM, which has been tracked by the Census Bureau since 2009, is not a replacement for the traditional poverty rate, though it is considered more accurate by experts because of the additional factors it reflects.
达尔劳夫表示：“我们希望尽可能全面地掌握他们拥有的资源以及面临的成本。该指标试图更系统地审视家庭可获得的资源，并考虑双向资金流动的差异。”达尔劳夫补充说，2021年补充贫困衡量指标数值较低的一个原因，是《美国救援计划》这一新冠疫情期间举措临时提高了儿童税收抵免额度。该抵免政策已于2021年12月到期。
“You want to have the most comprehensive vision of what the resources are that they have and what the costs are,” Durlauf said. “What it is trying to do is look more systematically at what the resources are available to a family and accounting for differences in the flows of both directions.”Durlauf added that one reason the SPM was so low in 2021 was a temporary increase in the child tax credit under the American Rescue Plan, a COVID-era initiative. The credit expired in December 2021.
官方贫困率下降是因为收入有所增长。根据人口普查局数据，经通胀调整后，2025年美国家庭收入中位数较上年增长2.6%，达到87,460美元。这一数字创下历史新高，超过了2019年85,320美元的家庭收入水平。尽管目前生活在贫困线以下的人口数量多于往年，但由于人口增长，官方贫困率反而较低。2025年，美国有3,451万人生活在贫困线以下，而1973年这一数字曾创下2,297万人的历史最低纪录。虽然2025年的绝对人数更多，但美国总人口增加了1,154万人，从而拉低了贫困率。
The official poverty rate fell because incomes have risen . The median U.S. household income went up 2.6% in 2025 from the previous year, after adjusting for inflation, to $87,460, according to the Census Bureau . That’s a record high, topping the 2019 household income of $85,320. Even though there are more people living below the poverty line than there have been in past years, the official poverty rate is lower because of population growth. There were 34.51 million people living below the poverty line in 2025, compared with an all-time low of 22.97 million in 1973. But while the 2025 number is larger, the U.S. population was 11.54 million higher, which drove down the rate.
官方贫困率和补充贫困指标（SPM）都是利用《当前人口调查》的3月增补版计算得出的。这意味着2025年的数据只是该年3月份贫困状况的一个快照，并不能反映当前的经济状况。特朗普于2025年1月开始其第二任期，仅仅在此三个月之前。
Both the official poverty rate and the SPM are calculated using the Current Population Survey’s March supplement. This means that the 2025 rates are a snapshot of poverty from March of that year and don’t reflect the current economy. Trump began his second administration in January 2025, just three months prior.
密歇根大学“贫困解决方案”计划的副教务主任娜塔莎·皮尔考斯卡斯（Natasha Pilkauskas）表示：“除非他能在六周内做出什么真正戏剧性的改变，否则它实际上反映的是拜登时期的状况——不论我们是否认为这 realmente 是由总统职权所驱动的。”
“Unless he managed to make something really dramatically happen in six weeks, it’s really reflective of Biden, to the extent that we think that it’s actually driven by the presidency or not,” said Natasha Pilkauskas, an associate faculty director at the University of Michigan’s Poverty Solutions initiative.
当被要求就特朗普的说法发表评论时，白宫将美联社（The Associated Press）引导至美国人口普查局关于其最近三份报告（其中包括关于贫困状况的报告）的新闻稿。人口普查局未立即回应置评请求。在此处查看美联社事实核查（AP Fact Checks）：
Asked for comment on Trump’s claims, the White House directed The Associated Press to a Census Bureau press release about three of its most recent reports, including the one on poverty. The Census Bureau did not immediately respond to a request for comment. Find AP Fact Checks here:.