共和党议员正在抵制特朗普总统取消近10亿美元联邦资金的决定，这在共和党处于极其微妙的时刻，引发了白宫与其本党成员之间的新一轮冲突。
Republican lawmakers are pushing back on President Trump’s decision to cancel nearly $1 billion in federal funding, setting up a new clash between the White House and members of Trump’s own party at a particularly precarious moment for the GOP.
政府周五宣布，将利用一种被称为“口袋撤销”（pocket rescission）的预算手段，收回一系列联邦项目的资金，特别是卫生与公众服务部用于支持少数族裔学生、难民安置以及无合法身份儿童的拨款。此次取消资金的决定距离本财年结束不到45天，这意味着无论国会如何应对，这些被取消的资金在年底前都将被冻结。
The administration announced Friday that it would use a budget maneuver known as a “pocket rescission” to claw back funding for a range of federal programs, especially grants through the Department of Health and Human Services that support minority students, refugee resettlement and children without legal status. The cancellation comes less than 45 days before the end of the fiscal year, meaning the canceled funds will be paused through the year’s end regardless of what Congress does in response.
此举可能会进一步加剧政府拨款程序的僵局，而该程序目前已因在国防与国内项目支出比例上的党派分歧而陷入困境。国会今年冬天能否顺利完成常规拨款程序已成疑问，这在很大程度上将取决于中期选举的结果。
The move threatens to further stiffen the government funding process, which is already mired in partisanship over how much the government should spend on defense versus domestic programs. Whether Congress can manage a regular funding procedure this winter is already in question and will be determined, in large part, by the outcome of the midterm elections.
白宫为这些新削减措施进行了辩护，称其对于消除政府浪费和欺诈是必要的，并辩称由于非法越过南部边境的人数减少，一些原本用于难民安置的资金已不再需要。
The White House has defended the new cuts as necessary to eliminate government waste and fraud, arguing that some money originally intended for refugee resettlement is no longer needed because fewer people are crossing the southern border illegally.
然而，本应负责掌管政府钱袋子的国会拨款委员会中的共和党人一直以来都不喜欢这种撤销拨款的做法。其中几位议员表示担忧，认为白宫正在侵犯国会对联邦支出的宪法权力。
But Republicans on the congressional Appropriations committees, who are supposed to be in charge of the government’s purse, have never liked rescissions. Several of them voiced concern that the White House is encroaching on Congress’s constitutional authority over federal spending.
参议院拨款委员会主席、缅因州共和党参议员苏珊·柯林斯（Susan Collins）在周五的声明中表示，这一举措是“美国管理和预算办公室（OMB）最近一次试图削弱国会宪法赋予的财政权力”的行为。
Sen. Susan Collins (R-Maine), chair of the Senate Appropriations Committee, said in a statement Friday that the move is “the most recent attempt by this Office of Management and Budget (OMB) to undermine Congress’s Constitutional power of the purse.”
柯林斯指出：“该办公室故意拖延拨款数月，最终取消了那些经过两党协商并已正式立法批准的拨款项目。这种拖延行为本身就属于对国会权力的侵犯；同时，美国管理和预算办公室作为行政部门的一个机构，无权决定哪些项目应该获得资助。”
“This move shows that OMB intentionally withheld these funds for months to execute this unlawful cancellation of appropriations that were approved on a bipartisan basis and signed into law,” Collins said. “Not only is the delay itself an impoundment that was not reported to Congress, but also it is a usurpation of Congress’s appropriations powers. OMB is an agency of the executive branch. It does not get to decide which programs are worth funding.”
参议院多数党领袖、南达科他州共和党参议员约翰·图恩（John Thune）在被问及是否认同柯林斯的观点时表示：“确实存在这样的争议。”
Senate Majority Leader John Thune (R-S.D.), asked whether he agrees with Collins that the move was unlawful, said he thinks “there’s that argument for sure.”
图恩说：“作为拨款决策者，她坚信这些拨款决策权应属于国会，而非行政部门；最终这个问题可能需要法院来裁决。虽然我们可能在实质上同意他们的某些做法（比如他们认为某些项目应该被取消），但他们采取的决策过程无疑会引发广泛讨论，甚至可能引发法律诉讼。”
“I think as an appropriator, she feels strongly that these are decisions made by appropriators, and that the administration doesn’t have this authority. That again is something the courts probably decide,” Thune said. “You know, I think whether you agree in substance or not with what they did and argue that they, you know, be good stewards, and some of these things may be things that many of us agree with, but the process by which they did it is one that is going to be, I assume, subject to a lot of discussion and probably some litigation.”
柯林斯表示，她将与同事们共同努力反对这些拨款取消行为，并计划在下一批拨款法案中加入相关条款，以防止类似情况再次发生；同时，她也可能采取法律行动来维护国会的权力。
Collins said she will work with her colleagues to fight the rescissions, telling reporters Monday that some options include inserting language in the next set of appropriations bills to prevent something similar from happening or taking legal action.
同样隶属于该委员会的阿拉斯加州共和党参议员丽莎·默斯科斯基（Lisa Murkowski）也认为，虽然可以在未来的拨款法案中增设更多监管机制，但国会需要找到更根本的解决方案，以避免未来再次出现关于联邦拨款权限的法律纠纷。
Sen. Lisa Murkowski (R-Alaska), who is also on the committee, said while she thinks it’s possible to add more guardrails to funding in the next appropriations bills, Congress needs a more permanent fix to avoid further legal questions over federal funding authority.
她提出了一项针对《扣押控制法》（Impoundment Control Act）的长期改革方案。该法案于1974年制定，旨在防止总统冻结或撤销已拨付的资金，但在实际操作中，却通过撤销权赋予了总统更大的权力来执行此类操作。
She floated a long-term reform of the Impoundment Control Act, a 1974 law that’s supposed to prevent the president from freezing or reversing appropriated funds but in practice gives him more authority to do so through rescissions.
“我认为我们需要对此有更明确的界定，”穆尔科斯基（Murkowski）在谈到该法案时表示。“当行政管理和预算局（OMB）局长刚上任时，他就曾表示认为该法案违宪。因此，在他认为自己有权做的事情与我们认为他有权做的事情之间，已经存在一场争论。所以，也许我们应该澄清这种混乱，这可能不是个坏主意。”另一位拨款委员会成员、南达科他州共和党参议员迈克·朗兹（Mike Rounds）表示，撤销资金的举动是“错误的”，这将阻碍本已陷入党派僵局的常规政府拨款程序。
“I think we need more clarity to it,” Murkowski said of that law. “It’s something that when the OMB director first came in, he said he doesn’t think it’s constitutional. So we’ve got a debate lined up already between what he thinks he is able to do, and what we think he is able to do. So maybe we should clarify that confusion, probably not a bad idea.”Sen. Mike Rounds (R-S.D.), another appropriator, said the rescissions move was “wrong” and that it would hamper the regular government funding process, which is already at a partisan stalemate.
他强调，这一程序至关重要，因为共和党人和特朗普希望在与伊朗的战争背景下，通过拨款增加国防开支。
He stressed that that process matters because Republicans and Trump want to boost defense spending through appropriations amid the war with Iran.
“我认为让行政管理和预算局以这种方式介入会引发问题，”朗兹周一告诉记者。“我们正在审议一项针对国防需求的大幅增加提案，我们必须通过它。如果行政管理和预算局有权决定只执行协议的一部分，那么这对于我们在下一份拨款法案中达成实际成果将变得非常困难。如果换作是我，当我为自己看重的事情达成协议时，对方却能随意决定只履行部分协议，这对于未来实现公平的拨款程序来说绝非好兆头。”
“To have OMB step in like this, I think is going to cause problems,” Rounds told reporters Monday. “We’re looking at a substantial increase being proposed for defense needs that we’ve got to get through, and it’s going to make it very hard for us to actually get an outcome in the next appropriations bill because if it was me and I make a deal on things that are important to me, and OMB has the ability just to decide they’ll only take part of the deal, it does not bode well for actually getting a fair appropriations process in the future.”
内布拉斯加州共和党众议员唐·培根（Don Bacon）虽然不是拨款委员会成员，但在其任期内已变得更愿意批评政府。他表示：“根据法律，政府必须通过国会申请撤销资金。”培根说：“他的团队总是挑战规范。法院会做出不利于他的裁决，然后他会再次抨击最高法院。”《国会山报》已联系众议院共和党拨款委员会成员寻求置评。
Rep. Don Bacon (R-Neb.), who is not an appropriator but has become more willing to critique the administration in his last term, said that “by law, the Administration must request rescissions through its Congress.”“His team always push the norms. The Court will rule against and then he’ll bash the Supreme Court again,” Bacon said. The Hill reached out to House GOP appropriators for comment.
一些保守派人士，尤其是众议院中的保守派，对特朗普的这一举措表示赞赏；他们此前也曾支持特朗普去年削减对外援助支出、多元化项目开支以及那些他们认为属于政府“浪费”的资金的举措。
Some conservatives, especially in the House, lauded Trump’s move, as they did with his attempts last year to cut spending on foreign aid, diversity programs and what they perceived as government “waste.”
“这正是‘美国优先’政策的体现，”科罗拉多州共和党众议员劳伦·博伯特在周一的一份声明中表示，“特朗普政府正在削减那些对美国公民毫无益处的浪费性开支。辛勤工作的纳税人不应该被迫为那些违反法律的人提供医疗和社会服务。”
“This is America First in action,” Rep. Lauren Boebert (R-Colo.) said in a statement on Monday. “The Trump Administration is cutting wasteful spending that does not benefit American citizens. Hardworking taxpayers should not be forced to bankroll health and social services for people who broke our laws.”
极右翼的众议院自由党团在社交媒体上发文，对特朗普和白宫管理办公室主任拉塞尔·沃特表示感谢。
The far-right House Freedom Caucus, in a post on social media, thanked Trump and OMB Director Russell Vought.
“批评者们可以随心所欲地抱怨，但总统只是在履行他削减浪费性开支的承诺——他应该继续这样做！”该党团写道。
“Critics can cry all they want. The President is simply fulfilling his promise to cut waste — and he should keep going!” the caucus wrote.