除宾夕法尼亚州的约翰·费特曼外，所有民主党参议员周二均投票支持一项旨在追究在约旦河西岸杀害美国公民的以色列士兵和定居者责任的措施。这项投票显示了该党在过去两年里对以色列立场发生了多大转变。
Every Democratic senator except Pennsylvania’s John Fetterman voted on Tuesday for a measure seeking to hold accountable Israeli soldiers and settlers who have killed U.S. citizens in the West Bank. The vote stood as a sign of how much the party’s position on Israel has shifted in the last two years.
尽管费特曼的一名选民是最近在约旦河西岸被以色列定居者杀害的巴勒斯坦裔美国人，但这位立场强硬支持以色列的参议员仍是其党内唯一的反对者。
Fetterman, who takes a hard pro-Israel line, was the lone holdout in his party despite having one of his constituents being the most recent Palestinian American killed in the West Bank by Israeli settlers.
然而，民主党近乎一致的支持仍不足以让该措施通过，参议院以51票对47票否决了推进该决议。该措施本将要求国务院报告自2022年以来是否正在调查以色列安全部队或定居者杀害九名美国公民的事件。
Near unanimous Democratic support, however, was not enough to secure passage of the measure, with the Senate voting 51-47 against advancing the resolution. The measure would have required the State Department to report on whether it is investigating the killings of nine U.S. citizens by Israeli security forces or settlers since 2022.
尽管该决议旨在聚焦最能博得美国民选官员同情的受害者——死于右翼犹太定居者运动之手的美国公民——但它仍招致了参议院共和党近乎一致的反对。肯塔基州参议员兰德·保罗是唯一投赞成票的共和党成员。
Although the resolution was crafted to focus on victims most sympathetic to U.S. elected officials — American citizens slain at the hands of the right-wing Jewish settlement movement — it still drew nearly universal opposition fromSenate Republicans. Sen. Rand Paul of Kentucky was the only member of the GOP to vote in favor of it.
最近在约旦河西岸被定居者杀害的美国公民是一名来自费城的19岁青年。尽管宾夕法尼亚州当地官员呼吁调查，但费特曼及其来自宾夕法尼亚州的共和党同僚、参议员戴夫·麦考米克均未投票支持该参议院措施。
The most recent U.S. citizen killed by settlers in the West Bank was a 19-year-old from Philadelphia. Though local Pennsylvania officials called for an investigation, neither Fetterman nor his Republican counterpart from Pennsylvania, Sen. Dave McCormick, voted for the Senate measure.
该决议的发起人、马里兰州民主党参议员克里斯·范霍伦上周表示，他一直难以从拜登和特朗普两届政府获取信息，了解它们是否在为在约旦河西岸遇害的美国公民伸张正义。
The resolution’s sponsor, Sen. Chris Van Hollen, D-Md., said last week that he has struggled to get information from both the Biden and Trump administrations about whether they are pursuing justice for U.S. citizens killed in the West Bank.
“拜登政府为伸张正义做得不够，特朗普政府也做得不够，”他说。“如果我们连美国公民的问责和正义都无法实现，想想看，那些没有美国护照的巴勒斯坦家庭，当他们被杀害或村庄被夷为平地时，要获得正义和问责该有多难。” 范霍伦的议案本将要求国务院报告其或司法部是否正在调查美国公民在约旦河西岸遇害的案件，其中包括巴勒斯坦裔美国记者希琳·阿布·阿克莱遇害一案，她于2022年在报道以色列突袭难民营时被以色列军队射杀。
“The Biden administration did not do enough to secure justice, and the Trump administration has not done enough,” he said. “And if we can’t get accountability and justice for American citizens, imagine how hard it is for Palestinian families who don’t have a U.S. passport to get justice and accountability when they are killed or their villages get razed.”Van Hollen’s measure would have required the State Department to report on whether it or the Justice Department are investigating the killings of U.S. citizens in the West Bank, including that of Palestinian American journalist Shireen Abu Akleh, who was slain by the Israeli military while reporting on an Israeli raid on a refugee camp in 2022.
范霍伦的决议还指示国务院报告被关押在以色列监狱或军事拘留设施中的美国公民的状况，并指出一名来自佛罗里达州的16岁巴勒斯坦裔美国男孩被长期监禁一事。
Van Hollen’s resolution also directed the State Department to report on the status of U.S. citizens held in Israeli prisons or military detention, pointing to the lengthy incarceration of a Palestinian American 16-year-old boy from Florida.
然而，倡导者希望该决议能帮助他们实现更宏大的目标。根据美国法律，政府不得向从事“持续严重侵犯”人权行为的国家出售武器。范霍伦的决议询问以色列的行动是否符合这一模式。
Advocates hoped the resolution would help them accomplish much larger aims, however. Under U.S. law, the government is forbidden from selling arms to countries that engage in “a consistent pattern of gross violations” of human rights. Van Hollen’s resolution asks whether Israel’s actions fit that pattern.
亲巴勒斯坦非营利组织IMEU政策项目本月早些时候发布的一份政策文件指出，遵守对外援助法“将要求停止向以色列的所有武器出口，无论是来自美国私营公司还是美国政府，无论购买资金来自美国还是外国资金。” 共和党籍蒙大拿州参议员史蒂夫·戴恩斯在参议院发言反对该决议时，指向了这一更宏大的目标。
In a policy paper published earlier this month, the pro-Palestine nonprofit IMEU Policy Project argued that abiding by foreign assistance law “would require halting all arms exports to Israel, whether from private U.S. companies or the U.S. government, irrespective of whether purchases are paid for with U.S. or foreign funds.”Sen. Steve Daines, R-Mt., pointed to that larger aim when he argued against the resolution on the Senate floor.
“别搞错：这里的唯一目的不是为美国人伸张正义或追究责任，”戴恩斯说。“而是要在以色列最需要的时候切断对我们盟友以色列的安全援助。”
“Make no mistake: The sole objective here is not justice or accountability for Americans,” Daines said. “It is to cut off security aid to our ally Israel in its time of need.”
“当然，任何美国人的生命逝去，所有生命的逝去都是一场悲剧，”戴恩斯继续说道，并补充说他“非常有信心政府会彻查这一问题。”周二的投票核心在于决定是否将该决议从参议院外交关系委员会中提出。凡·霍伦提出的此类决议属于特权决议，这意味着它们是罕见的措施类型，任何参议员都可以强制进行全院表决。
“Of course, any loss, all loss of American life is a tragedy,” Daines continued, adding that he was “very confident this administration will get to the bottom of this issue.”Tuesday’s vote centered on whether to discharge the resolution from the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. Resolutions such as the one Van Hollen offered are privileged, meaning that they are the rare type of measure where any senator can force a full floor vote.
凡·霍伦上周在IMEU政策项目举办的简报会上表示，他的决议获得的支持远超2014年由参议员伯尼·桑德斯（佛蒙特州独立党籍）发起的类似推动，这种支持体现在其他参议院民主党人的联合提案上。那项措施是在10月7日袭击发生几周后提出的，仅获得了保罗和10名民主党党团成员的支持。
Van Hollen said last week in a briefing hosted by IMEU Policy Project that his resolution had drawn far more support, in the form of co-sponsorships by other Senate Democrats, than a similar push sponsored by Sen. Bernie Sanders, I-Vt., in 2014. That measure, brought weeks after the October 7 attacks, drew the support of Paul and just 10 members of the Democratic caucus.
根据民意调查，从那时起，民主党人对以色列的态度转冷，并越来越多地支持巴勒斯坦。主流民主党人现在面对的是白宫里的共和党人，而不是拜登——在以色列问题上，拜登通常能从本党获得充分信任和自由行动空间。
Since then, Democrats have soured on Israel and increasingly support Palestine, according to public opinion polls. Mainstream Democrats are also facing off against a Republican in the White House rather than Biden, who generally got a free hand from his own party when it came Israel.
“虽然我很高兴这么多民主党同事加入了这项努力，但很明显美国必须做得更多，”凡·霍伦在周二投票后的声明中说。“我们有责任确保美国纳税人资金的接受者依照我们的法律和价值观行事——这项决议是一个机会，可以揭露一个与这一原则背道而驰的现实。”
“While I was pleased that so many of my Democratic colleagues joined this effort, it’s clear the United States must do more,” Van Hollen said in a statement after the vote on Tuesday. “It is our responsibility to ensure recipients of U.S. taxpayer dollars act in line with our laws and our values – this resolution was an opportunity to shed light on a reality that flies in the face of that principle.”