德国总理弗里德里希·默茨以及另外五个欧洲主要经济体的领导人呼吁将下一期欧盟预算削减“数千亿美元”，作为为欧洲大陆防务筹资努力的一部分。
German Chancellor Friedrich Merz and the leaders of five other major European economies have urged "hundreds of billions" of dollars worth of cuts to the next EU budget as part of efforts to fund the continent's defense.
欧盟下一期长期预算将涵盖2028年至2034年，官员们力争在年底前就支出重点和上限达成协议。
The European Union's next long-term budget will cover the period from 2028 to 2034, with officials aiming to reach an agreement on spending priorities and limits by the end of this year.
今年夏季，欧盟委员会提交了下一期预算方案——即所谓的“多年期财政框架”（MFF）——金额近2万亿欧元（2.3万亿美元）。
Over the summer, the European Commission presented its proposal for the next budget — known as the Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF) — which amounted to almost 2 trillion euros ($2.3 trillion).
在写给爱尔兰总理米歇尔·马丁和欧洲理事会主席安东尼奥·科斯塔的信中，德国、丹麦、荷兰、奥地利、芬兰和瑞典的领导人表示，该提案“需要削减数千亿欧元”。爱尔兰目前担任欧盟理事会轮值主席国。欧盟的多年期财政框架须经所有27个成员国一致同意才能通过。
In a letter to Irish Taoiseach Micheál Martin and European Council President António Costa, the leaders of Germany, Denmark, the Netherlands, Austria, Finland and Sweden said the proposal "will need to be reduced by several hundred billion euros." Ireland currently holds the rotating Presidency of the Council of the European Union. The EU's MFF requires unanimity from all 27 member states to pass.
CNBC看到的周一这封信的签署者指出，这六个国家承担了所有成员国向预算缴纳款项的近40%。
The signatories to Monday's letter, seen by CNBC, pointed out that their six countries finance almost 40% of all member countries' contributions to the budget.
他们说：“虽然净出资国整体而言是少数，但它们承担了约四分之三的总融资负担。”然而，他们指出，即将进行的谈判“涉及的远不止金钱问题”。
"While net contributors as a whole are in the minority they shoulder around three quarters of the total financing burden," they said. However, they wrote that the looming negotiations are "about much more than money."
他们表示，欧洲的重新武装进程实际上关乎政治优先事项，以及我们是否能够实现共同设定的目标：在一个充满不确定性的世界中，建立一个强大且主权的欧洲。“为了实现这一目标，必须对欧洲共同预算（MFF）进行根本性的改革；我们必须做出相应的选择。”
Europe's rearmament push "It is about political priorities and about whether we can achieve the goal we have jointly set ourselves: a strong and sovereign Europe in an uncertain world," they said. "To achieve this, the MFF must be fundamentally reformed. We must make choices."
这些领导人主张将资金重点用于国防开支、提升竞争力以及打击非法移民活动。自2022年俄罗斯全面入侵乌克兰以来，欧洲一直面临增加国防开支的压力；美国总统唐纳德·特朗普也呼吁欧洲各国更加重视自身的国防建设。
The leaders argued for funding to be focused on defense spending, competitiveness and innovation and "the fight against irregular migration." Europe has been under pressure to increase defense spending in the wake of Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, with U.S. President Donald Trump also calling for the continent to take greater ownership of its own defense.
北约（NATO）的成员国（其中大多数为欧洲国家）已承诺到2035年将国防开支提高到国内生产总值的5%；欧盟委员会则提议大幅增加对地区安全的投入。
Members of the NATO military alliance — most of whom are European countries — have already committed to raise their national spending on defense to 5% of their domestic GDP by 2035, while the European Commission has proposed a major uptick in funding for regional security.
德国去年改革了其历史上的“债务限制”规则，为提高国防开支创造了条件。
Germany itself reformed its historic "debt brake" rules last year to pave the way for higher defense spending.
今年早些时候，国际货币基金组织警告称，随着安全预算的不断增加，各国政府将很快面临如何在国防与其他开支之间进行取舍的艰难抉择——这种现象被称为“枪炮与黄油”（guns versus butter）的权衡。
Earlier this year, the International Monetary Fund warned a new era of ramped-up security budgets meant governments would soon face tough dilemmas on where to make cuts to fund defense — a phenomenon termed the " guns versus butter " trade-off.
这封联合信件的发布，正值政府借贷成本上升、通货膨胀加剧、欧洲大部分地区经济增长放缓的背景下；同时，欧盟各国也面临着预算赤字不断增加的担忧。
The joint letter also comes against a backdrop of surging government borrowing costs, spiraling inflation and sluggish growth across much of the continent, as well as concerns about rising budget deficits in various EU countries.
以法国为例，该国被要求大幅削减开支，以将其5.1%的财政赤字降至欧盟规定的3%以内。由于对法国财政政策的担忧，法国政府债券（OATs）的收益率在今年飙升至几十年来的最高水平，使得法国的借贷成本在G7发达国家中处于较高水平。
France, for example, is being tasked with drastically cutting spending to bring its 5.1% national deficit closer to an EU guideline of 3%. Concerns about French fiscal policy have seen yields on the country's government bonds known as OATs, surge to multi-decade highs this year, giving France some of the highest borrowing costs in the G7 group of advanced economies.
目前，奥地利和芬兰这两个签署该信函的国家正受到欧盟“过度赤字程序”的约束。这一机制旨在确保成员国能够“恢复或维持其政府预算的纪律性”。2025 年，奥地利的赤字占国内生产总值（GDP）的 4.2%，而芬兰的赤字占 GDP 的 3.4%。其他受该程序约束的国家还包括意大利、法国、波兰和比利时。
Government deficits in focus Austria and Finland — signatories to the letter — are currently under the EU's excessive deficit procedure, a mechanism designed to ensure member states "return to or maintain discipline in their governments' budgets." In 2025, Austria's deficit stood at 4.2% of gross domestic product, while Finland's deficit was 3.4% of GDP. Other countries under the EDP include Italy, France, Poland and Belgium.
信函的签署者们强调，欧盟预算最终是由欧洲公民共同承担的；无论采用何种融资机制或资源，资金的来源都不会改变。他们表示：“共同举债绝不是解决问题的办法。”因此，不可避免地需要面对关于整体财政规模的棘手问题。
Stressing that the EU budget is "ultimately paid for by European citizens," the letter's signatories said that the source of the financing would remain true "whatever financing mechanism or resources we invent." "Common borrowing cannot be the answer," they said. "So, there is no avoiding the difficult question of the overall volume."
随着借贷成本升至 2008 年以来的新高，法国已成为主权债务问题的典型代表；意大利的梅洛尼政府也刚刚达到了一个重要的政治里程碑。前领导人指出，必须推进经济改革。目前欧元区的通胀率已再次回升至 3% 以上，未来利率很可能进一步上升。
France becomes ‘poster child’ of sovereign debt problems as borrowing costs hit post-2008 high Italy's Meloni just hit a major political milestone. Former leaders say economic reform must follow Euro zone inflation is back above 3%. Higher interest rates are likely to follow‘Guns vs. butter’: IMF flags tough trade-offs as governments ramp up defense spending "Almost every EU member state is making painful efforts to consolidate its public finances.
国际货币基金组织（IMF）指出，在各国政府加大国防开支的情况下，需要做出艰难的权衡。这六国领导人表示：“几乎所有欧盟成员国都在努力整顿自身的公共财政。没有健全的公共财政，欧洲的主权就无法得到保障。”
There will be no European sovereignty without sound public finances," the six countries' leaders added. "We are not calling for cuts compared to the existing MFF," they said, noting that the next long-term budget will grow compared to the current iteration, which runs through 2027.
他们强调：“我们并不要求削减现有的欧盟长期预算（MFF）；下一份长期预算的规模将比目前的预算（有效期至 2027 年）有所增加。”但他们同时认为，欧洲各国政府“必须保持现实态度”。
But they said European governments "need to be realistic." "The European Commission has proposed a nominal increase of around 60%. That is simply not realistic," they wrote. "Not economically.
他们写道：“欧盟委员会提议将预算名义增长约 60%，但这根本不现实——无论从经济角度还是政治角度来看都是如此，尤其是在多个成员国的公共财政状况令人担忧的当下。”
Not politically. And certainly not at a time when public finances in several member states are a cause for serious concern."
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