驱动自动驾驶汽车的软件，不再是身价数十亿美元的公司所打造专有系统的专属领域。
The software that powers self-driving cars is no longer the domain of proprietary systems built by billion-dollar companies.
像 Comma AI 的 Openpilot 这样的开源辅助驾驶系统，让任何技术足够娴熟的人都有可能把自己的车变成一场自动驾驶实验。只要有1000美元余钱，并且愿意充当实验小白鼠，以探索汽车自动化技术的人就可以从 Comma 购买一套套件，为自己的买菜代步车加装可用于自动驾驶的传感器和摄像头。
Open source assisted driving systems like Comma AI’s Openpilot have made it possible for anyone tech savvy enough to turn their set of wheels into a self-driving experiment. If you have $1,000 to spare and possess a willingness to serve as a lab rat in pursuit of automotive automation, you can buy a kit from Comma to retrofit your grocery getter with autonomous-driving ready sensors and cameras.
尽管特斯拉的“完全自动驾驶”（FSD）系统和 Waymo 的无人驾驶出租车备受关注，这些自行DIY的选项却基本未引起公众注意。不过，我们最近或许初步见识到了这种汽车后装技术走向主流后可能引发的反应。
With all the attention that Tesla’s Full Self-Driving system and Waymo’s robotaxis get, these DIY options have largely flown under the radar. We may have recently gotten a taste, however, of what the reaction to this aftermarket tech going mainstream might look like.
周末，一名在 X 上使用“迈克·拉巴贝拉”（Mike LaBarbera）这个名字的男子发布了一段视频，显示他的特斯拉 Model Y 借助 Comma Four 自动行驶。Comma Four 是 Comma AI 最新一代自动驾驶硬件。
Over the weekend, a man going by Mike LaBarbera on X posted a video of his Tesla Model Y driving itself using Comma Four, the latest version of Comma AI’s self-driving hardware.
“我的 FSD 订阅今年1月终止了，而且这不是特斯拉的 Autopilot。”拉巴贝拉说。他借助这一开源替代方案吹嘘称，自己“不再租用封闭系统”。实际上，拉巴贝拉澄清说，让视频中车辆运行的是“Sunnypilot”，这是 Openpilot 的一个分支——本质上也是别人自行定制的软件版本。
“My FSD subscription ended last January, and this isn’t Tesla Autopilot,” LaBarbera said. With this open source alternative, he boasted, he was “no longer renting a closed system.”Actually, LaBarbera clarified, what was running the car in the video is “Sunnypilot,” an Openpilot fork — someone else’s custom version of the software, essentially.
这段视频一方面令人信服地展现了自动驾驶技术已经取得的进展，另一方面也令一些观察者感到不安：安装能够控制自己车辆的定制技术 apparently 竟如此容易。
While a compelling testament to how far self-driving tech has come along, the video has also alarmed some observers with how easy it apparently is to install custom tech to control your car.
“我不认为我们应该允许人们在自动驾驶汽车上随意运行任何软件，”作家开罗·史密斯（Cairo Smith）在一篇点赞数超过原帖的博文中写道。“这又不是Linux版的《上古卷轴5：天际》。你不能在高速公路上打MOD。”有趣的是，一些最尖锐的批评反而来自主流自动驾驶技术的支持者。一条在网上疯传的犀利评论愤怒地指出，如果有人为了省钱，在特斯拉这种原本就支持自动驾驶的汽车上，选择运行“一个只有3000颗星的开源代码库，而不是购买真正成熟的系统”，从而导致致命事故，那简直是不可理喻。另一个人称之为“笑话”。
“I do not think we should be letting people run any software they want on their self-driving car,” said Cairo Smith, a writer, in a post that attracted more likes than the original. “It is not Skyrim for Linux. You do not get mods on the freeway.”Interestingly, some of the most scathing critiques came from apparent proponents of mainstream self-driving efforts. One viral hot take fumed at the possibility of getting into a fatal accident because of choosing to drive “an opensource repo with 3,000 stars instead of just buying the actually good system” on a car that was originally built to support self-driving, like a Tesla. Another called it a “joke.”
“想象一下，你正载着家人回家，结果这家伙因为GitHub上一个只有2000颗星、全凭感觉写的代码库而撞上了你，”该用户写道。
“Imagine getting home with your family, and this guy crashes into you because of some vibe coded PR in a GitHub repo with 2k stars,” the user wrote.
这款软件也引起了联邦监管机构的注意。上周，美国国家公路交通安全管理局（NHTSA）对Comma AI展开了调查，此前有五起车祸涉及运行Openpilot系统的车辆。在每起事故中，车辆都撞向了车道内行驶缓慢或静止的车辆。这些事故共造成11人受伤，3人死亡。
The software has also gotten the attention of federal regulators. Last week, the National Highway Transportation Safety Administration opened an investigation into Comma AI after five crashes involving cars that were running Openpilot. In each of the crashes, the vehicles slammed into slow-moving or stopped vehicles in their lanes. Eleven people have been injured across these incidents, and three have died.
据Electrek报道，此次调查涵盖了3万套Comma硬件套件，包括Comma Four。该机构重点关注的领域之一是Comma AI的营销宣传，尽管其细则中声明车辆需要持续监控，但其广告却承诺提供“为你现有的汽车实现免提驾驶”。
Per Electrek’s coverage, the investigation covers 30,000 Comma hardware kits, including Comma Four. One area that the agency is zeroing in on is Comma AI’s marketing, which promises “hands free driving for the car you already have,” despite its fine print stating the cars require constant supervision.
当你考虑到许多Comma用户可能并非直接使用原版软件，而是安装了修改版软件时，这个问题就变得更加棘手了。想到这些修改版软件以各种微妙的方式影响汽车安全，且完全没有像特斯拉这样的大型商业实体所提供的明确问责机制，简直让人头晕目眩。
It’s a problem that becomes yet more thorny when you consider that many Comma users may not be using it out of the box, but installing modded versions of the software. Your head starts to spin at all the subtle ways that these mods affect a car’s safety, all without the ostensible accountability you get from a system being built at a large, commercial entity like Tesla.
更不用说“氛围编程”（vibe coding）的兴起意味着，缺乏经验的人使用人工智能模型来定制 Openpilot 以满足个人喜好，这绝非遥不可及。除非有重大的监管干预，否则我们可能不得不习惯与更多人自制的机器人司机共享道路。
And that’s without getting into how the rise of vibe coding means that it’s also not a remote possibility that someone inexperienced will use an AI model to customize Openpilot to their liking. Barring major regulatory intervention, we may have to get used to sharing more of the road with people’s homemade robot chauffeurs.