“工作是实现女性赋权的工具。对于农村女性而言，其意义更甚——这是一种生存策略，”达卡大学毕业生表示 更新于2026年9月30日 星期三 孟加拉国2024年由学生领导的起义，源于要求政府职位应基于能力而非配额进行分配的呼声。
Bangladesh women lose ground after quota reform "A job is a tool for women's empowerment. For rural women, it is more than that — a survival tactic," says Dhaka University graduate Updated Wednesday Sep 30 2026 Bangladesh's 2024 student-led uprising was fuelled by a demand that coveted government jobs be awarded on merit, not through quotas.
这场运动取得了成功。政府被推翻，配额制度在很大程度上被废除——但这项改革带来了意想不到的后果。
The movement succeeded. The government was overthrown, and the quota system was largely scrapped — but the reform has had unintended consequences.
在这个拥有1.7亿人口的国家，女性在公共部门职位中所占的比例正在不断缩小。
Women are securing a shrinking share of public sector jobs in the nation of 170 million people.
25岁的达卡大学毕业生托塔皮·阿扎德曾支持废除配额的呼声——但她表示，自己本应支持保留针对女性的配额。
Tothapi Azad, a 25-year-old Dhaka University graduate, supported calls to end quotas — but says she should have supported retaining them for women.
“对我这样有家庭支持的人来说，配额可能并非必不可少——但对于普通女性而言，它是必不可少的，”她告诉法新社。
"For me, who had my family's support, a quota might not have been essential — but for an average woman, it was essential," she told AFP.
“工作是女性赋权的工具。对于农村女性来说，这不仅仅是工具——它是一种生存策略，是抵御家庭暴力的盾牌。”数据显示，自配额削减以来，女性政府雇员的比例已经下降，女性所持有的本已有限的公务员职位数量进一步缩减。“令人不适”直到2018年，配额占第一类职位（即最高级别的公务员和公共部门职位）的56%。
"A job is a tool for women's empowerment. For rural women, it is more than that — a survival tactic, a shield to resist domestic violence." Data shows that the share of female government recruits has fallen since quotas were cut, shrinking an already limited number of civil service roles held by women. 'Uncomfortable' Until 2018, quotas accounted for 56% of Class I posts, the top-ranking civil service and public sector jobs.
其中包括10%的女性配额，以及30%的1971年战争参战者后代配额。另有16%的职位保留给贫困地区和残障人士。
That included 10% for women, as well as 30% for descendants of those who fought in the 1971 war. Another 16% was reserved for underprivileged regions and people with disabilities.
2018年，在学生抗议之后，时任总理谢赫·哈西娜废除了配额制度。
In 2018, after student protests, the then prime minister Sheikh Hasina scrapped quotas.
2024年，有人提议恢复配额制度，引发了学生抗议。局势随后升级为大规模起义，哈西娜被推翻。
In 2024, it was proposed to reinstate quotas, sparking student protests. That escalated into a mass uprising, and Hasina was overthrown.
如今，93%的职位通过择优录取填补。7%的职位面向1971年战争参战者的亲属及其他较小群体，且不再设有女性配额。
Today, 93% are filled on merit. 7% are for those related to fighters of the 1971 war and other smaller groups, and there is no quota for women.
负责招聘考试的孟加拉国公共服务委员会（BPSC）每年约有30万名申请者竞争2500至3000个一级职位。
The Bangladesh Public Service Commission (BPSC), which runs the recruitment examinations, has around 300,000 applicants each year for 2,500-3,000 Class I jobs.
在2018年配额制度取消之前，女性在新录用人员中的占比高达35%，其中包括配额制和择优录用的人员。根据上一轮考试的数据，这一比例已降至19%。
Before the quota was scrapped in 2018, women accounted for up to 35% of recruits, including both quota and merit-based appointments. That has dropped to 19%, according to figures from the last exam round.
一位不愿透露姓名的BPSC官员表示，该机构“对这一结果感到不安”，但其“职责仅限于组织考试”。
A BPSC official, who spoke on the condition of anonymity, said the body "finds the outcome uncomfortable", but that its "duty is limited to conducting the examination".
前政府官员AKM·阿卜杜勒·阿瓦尔·马宗德（AKM Abdul Awal Majumdar）支持择优录用，但主张通过辅导来帮助女性提升竞争力。“我的女性同事们非常出色，”他说。今年2月当选的政府也支持择优录用。
AKM Abdul Awal Majumdar, a former bureaucrat, backs merit-based recruitment but advocates coaching to help women compete. "My female colleagues were unparalleled," he said. The government elected in February also backs merit-based recruitment.
公共行政部长穆罕默德·阿卜杜勒·巴里（Md Abdul Bari）在议会中将其描述为一项“合理的改革”。但一些官员担心，女性录用人数的下降将变得日益明显。
Md Abdul Bari, a public administration minister, described it as a "rational reform" in parliament. But some officials fear the decline in female recruitment will become increasingly visible.
“目前，至少有21名女性在担任21个地区的负责人，”一位拥有20年经验、不愿透露姓名的女性官员表示。“十年后，公务员队伍中将不会有这么多女性了。”“无法持续”这种影响已超出了公务员系统。
"At this moment, at least 21 women are leading 21 districts," said a female bureaucrat with 20 years of experience, speaking on condition of anonymity. "In 10 years' time, there won't be this many women in the service." 'Can't continue' The impact goes beyond the civil service.
警方数据显示，今年在2651名候选人中，只有267名女性获得了警员资格。
Police data shows that only 267 women out of 2,651 candidates qualified as constables this year.
在184名获得警察副督察资格的候选人中，只有6名是女性。没有女性获得警长资格，而男性则有96人。
Only six of the 184 candidates who qualified as police sub-inspectors were women. No women qualified as sergeants, compared with 96 men.
“没有她们，我们无法开展工作，”一名警官告诉法新社，并指出每个派出所都设有专门的妇女儿童服务台。
"We can't continue without them," a police officer told AFP, noting that every station has dedicated desks for women and children.
孟加拉国此前在小学教师职位上设有60%的女性配额。目前这一政策也已终止。
Bangladesh previously had 60% quotas for women in primary teaching positions. That has now also ended.
达卡大学发展研究教授阿西夫·沙汉（Asif Shahan）表示，政府中女性人数减少将影响政策制定。“她们的问题会反映在政策中，”他告诉法新社。这场辩论在学生群体中引发了分歧。
Asif Shahan, a Dhaka University professor of Development Studies, said fewer women in government would impact policymaking. "Their issues get reflected in policy," he told AFP. The debate has split students.
达卡大学学生会职业顾问、伊斯兰大会党支持者Md Mazharul Islam支持精英制度。
Md Mazharul Islam, a Dhaka University students' union career advisor and a supporter of the Jamaat-e-Islami, backs a merit system.
“社会过去保守得多，女孩不允许接受高等教育，”他说。“现在情况已经改变了。”哲学系学生Adity Islam表示，废除女性配额是错误的。
"Society was much more conservative before, and girls were not allowed to pursue higher education," he said. "That has changed." Philosophy student Adity Islam said abolishing the women's quota was wrong.
“我们以达卡大学女学生的标准来衡量各行各业的女性，”参与左翼政治活动的Islam说。
"We measured women across all walks of life with the yardstick of female students at Dhaka University," said Islam, who is involved in leftist politics.
“削减女性配额最终会影响整个治理体系。我们在一些地区已经看到了这种情况。因此，许多其他地方的有志候选人将失去希望。”
"Cutting the quota for women would eventually impact the overall governance system. We have already seen that in some districts. So aspiring candidates in many other places will lose hope."
题图：这张照片拍摄于2026年9月7日，显示学生们在达卡大学图书馆内学习。——法新社
Header image: This photograph taken on September 7, 2026 shows students studying inside the library at Dhaka University in Dhaka. — AFP