索菲·奥斯汀（Sophie Austin）/萨克拉门托（Sacramento），加利福尼亚州——加利福尼亚州州长加文·纽森（Gavin Newsom）周三否决了一项立法提案。该提案原本旨在对在更衣室、医生办公室等被视为私人空间的场所中，未经他人许可使用智能眼镜进行录像的行为予以处罚。
SOPHIE AUSTIN SACRAMENTO, Calif. — California Gov. Gavin Newsom vetoed legislation Wednesday that would have penalized Californians for using smart glasses to record people without their permission in changing rooms, doctor’s offices and other spaces people generally consider private. The legislation also would have required companies making smart glasses or other wearable devices, starting in 2028, to include a light or some other feature that indicates that the person is video or audio recording.
该立法还规定：从2028年起，生产智能眼镜或其他可穿戴设备的公司必须在这些设备上添加提示用户正在录像或录音的指示灯或其他提示装置；同时，禁止销售任何用于掩盖设备录像/录音功能的配件。
It would have banned the sale of technology designed to help people conceal a recording light or sound on a smart device. Newsom wrote in a letter explaining his decision that the bill’s definition of a wearable recording device was too broad.
纽森在解释其决定时写道，该法案对“可穿戴录音设备”的定义过于宽泛。他指出，加利福尼亚州早已禁止在私人空间内未经他人同意进行录像的行为。
He noted that the state already bars people from recording someone without their consent in spaces generally considered private. Meta Ray-Bans, smart glasses that were rolled out in 2021, have especially grown in popularity, with more than 7 million of the AI-powered devices being sold last year.
2021年推出的Meta Ray-Bans智能眼镜尤其受欢迎，去年销量超过了700万台。该法案的起草者、州参议员埃洛伊丝·戈麦斯·雷耶斯（Eloise Gómez Reyes）表示，这项立法本有助于应对智能眼镜技术的快速发展。“我们必须尽一切可能保护个人的隐私权，”她说。
State Sen. Eloise Gómez Reyes, who wrote the bill, said it would’ve helped the state respond to the technology’s rapid growth. “Whatever we can do to protect an individual’s right to privacy, we have to do,” she said.
如果该法案获得通过，它将成为美国首个针对此类行为的立法，进一步完善加利福尼亚州的隐私保护法规。目前，美国仅有十几个州要求在通过音频或视频方式记录对话时必须获得双方当事人的同意。
The bill would have been the first of its kind in the nation and built upon the state’s extensive privacy protections. California is one of about a dozen states that already requires both parties’ consent before a conversation can be recorded via audio or video.
雷耶斯的提案旨在明确该法规的适用范围（包括智能眼镜），并让使用者更容易识别这些设备是否正在录像。任何违反该法案、秘密录像的人都将面临监禁或最高1500美元的罚款；而生产不符合该法规要求的设备的公司则可能被处以最高2500美元的罚款。
Reyes’ proposal was designed to clarify that it applied to smart glasses and make it easier for someone to tell when those devices are recording. Any person who violated the bill by secretly recording someone would have faced prison time or fines of up to $1,500. A company that made devices that didn’t comply with the bill would’ve faced fines up to $2,500.
但 TechNet（一个由 Meta、Google 和 Amazon 等公司的高管组成的组织）表示，这项名为 SB 1130 的立法将对企业和消费者都不公平。
But TechNet, a group of executives from companies including Meta, Google and Amazon, said the legislation, known as SB 1130, would have been unfair to businesses and customers.
“加州已经有一系列针对非法录音行为的法律法规；从目前的法案内容来看，SB 1130 并不是解决这些问题的正确途径，”TechNet 的执行董事罗伯特·博伊金（Robert Boykin）在一份声明中表示。
“California already has extensive laws governing unlawful recording, and as currently written, SB 1130 is not the right approach to addressing these concerns,” TechNet Executive Director Robert Boykin said in a statement.
针对纽森（Newsom）的否决决定，Meta 强调了其智能眼镜的诸多优势，例如该技术可以为失明的退伍军人提供帮助——帮助他们阅读文件和识别物体。
Meta touted the benefits of its smart glasses in response to Newsom’s veto, including an initiative providing the devices to blinded veterans to help them read documents and identify objects.
“我们仍处于这项技术发展的初期阶段，我们承诺在开发过程中始终将隐私保护作为首要任务，”Meta 的一位发言人表示。
“We’re still in the early days of building this technology and we’re committed to continuing prioritizing privacy as we build,” a Meta spokesperson said in a statement.
包括加州、马萨诸塞州和宾夕法尼亚州在内的大约十几个州都规定：如果有人想要录制对话，必须事先获得对方的同意。
About a dozen states, including California, Massachusetts and Pennsylvania, require someone who wants to record a conversation to get the other person’s permission.
《消费者报告》（Consumer Reports）的技术政策总监贾斯汀·布鲁克曼（Justin Brookman）指出：“对于这些可穿戴的智能设备来说，加强隐私保护法律非常重要——因为与使用手机或相机进行录制相比，人们很难察觉到有人正在使用这些设备进行录音。”
It’s important to strengthen privacy laws for these wearable smart devices because it’s not as obvious to tell when a person is using them to record compared to when someone is filming with their phone or a camera, said Justin Brookman, the director of technology policy for Consumer Reports.
在今年早些时候致立法者的信中，《消费者报告》提到了一个 TikTok 视频：视频中一名女性讲述了她接受美甲服务时的经历——当时她发现美甲师佩戴了智能眼镜。这名美甲师向视频创作者阿妮莎·纳瓦罗（Aniessa Navarro）表示眼镜其实并未处于开启状态，但她仍感到非常不安。该报告还提到了另一起事件：一名女性在健身房被智能眼镜秘密拍摄，视频上传到社交媒体后她遭到了网络骚扰。
In a letter to lawmakers earlier this year about the bill, Consumer Reports referenced a TikTok in which a woman recounted her experience getting a wax when she realized her technician was wearing smart glasses. The technician told the content creator, Aniessa Navarro, that the glasses weren’t on, but the experience was still unnerving, she said in the TikTok. The Consumer Reports letter cited a separate event in which a woman said she was secretly filmed with smart glasses at a gym and harassed online after the video was uploaded to social media.
“这些案例足以引起人们的警觉，我们必须尽快采取行动，”雷耶斯（Reyes）在立法会议结束时说道。
“The stories are enough to cause alarm, and we need to do something as soon as we can,” Reyes said at the end of the legislative session.