萨凡纳·彼得斯（SAVANNAH PETERS）新墨西哥州阿尔伯克基报道——唐纳德·特朗普总统周四在俄克拉荷马州的乔克托族（Choctaw Nation）领地举行竞选集会，这使他成为少数几位在任期间访问过部落领地的美国总统之一。
SAVANNAH PETERS ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. — President Donald Trump is holding a campaign rally on the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma on Thursday, putting him in the company of just a handful of U.S. presidents who have visited tribal nations while in office.
此次集会是特朗普近期在深红州（共和党票仓州）竞选攻势的一部分，他在这些州为共和党候选人站台，并在11月中期选举前宣传其政治议程。
The rally is part of Trump’s recent campaign push through deep red states , where he has been stumping for Republican candidates and promoting his agenda ahead of November’s midterm elections .
乔克托族表示，他们只是将场地出租用于此次集会，并未赞助该活动。
The Choctaw Nation is renting its venue for the rally but not sponsoring the event, it said.
乔克托族首席酋长加里·巴顿（Gary Batton）在一份声明中表示：“我们希望他的访问能提供一个机会，让我们能够展示作为一个主权民族，我们为本族成员以及俄克拉荷马州东南部所有民众所做的工作。”
“We hope his visit provides an opportunity to learn more about what we do as a sovereign nation for our members and for all people in southeast Oklahoma,” Choctaw Nation Principal Chief Gary Batton said in a statement.
自美国建国初期以来，部落代表团就一直在华盛顿与总统会面，但总统访问保留地的次数却屈指可数。随着美国与部落民族之间关系的发展，这些访问的目的和基调也发生了巨大变化。
Tribal delegations have been meeting with presidents in Washington since the Early Republic, but presidential visits to reservations have been few and far between. The purpose and tone of those visits has changed dramatically as the relationship between the U.S. and tribal nations has evolved.
美国在任总统对保留地的首次访问很可能是一次偶然。据当时菲利普·谢里登（Philip Sheridan）中将的记录，1883年夏天，切斯特·A·阿瑟（Chester A. Arthur）总统在前往黄石国家公园的途中，在温德河保留地（Wind River Reservation）会见了肖肖尼族（Shoshone）和阿拉帕霍族（Arapaho）的领导人，并称赞了这些部落“从事工业生产的实践”。
What was likely the first visit to a reservation by a sitting U.S. president occurred by happenstance . While traveling to Yellowstone National Park in the summer of 1883, President Chester A. Arthur met with Shoshone and Arapaho leaders on the Wind River Reservation and complimented the tribes’ “practice of industrial pursuits,” according to an account by Lt. Gen. Philip Sheridan at the time.
在访问期间，阿瑟的代表团向肖肖尼族酋长瓦沙基（Washakie）和阿拉帕霍族酋长黑煤（Black Coal）施压，要求他们同意将他们共同拥有的保留地分割成私人地块——此举旨在瓦解部落主权，并解决阿瑟所谓的“印第安问题”。两位酋长均予以拒绝。
While there, Arthur’s delegation pressed Shoshone Chief Washakie and Arapaho Chief Black Coal to consent to breaking up the reservation they shared into private parcels — a move aimed at dismantling tribal sovereignty and solving what Arthur termed the “Indian problem.”Both chiefs refused.
其他早期总统对原住民部落地区的访问，同样反映了美国当时试图削弱部落主权、并将原住民同化到白人社会中的时代背景。西奥多·罗斯福在1903年曾前往大峡谷底部的哈瓦苏派（Havasupai）部落地区；这次访问发生在该部落被强制迁移、以便为建立国家公园腾出土地之前。
Other early presidential visits to tribal land similarly reflected an era when the U.S. tried to undermine tribal sovereignty and assimilate Native people into white society. Theodore Roosevelt’s 1903 trek to Havasupai land at the bottom of the Grand Canyon preceded the forced removal of that tribe to make way for a national park.
1927年，卡尔文·柯立芝总统访问南达科他州的派恩里奇（Pine Ridge）保留地时，大力推广了那些旨在促进原住民同化的寄宿学校制度。
During his 1927 visit to the Pine Ridge Reservation in South Dakota, President Calvin Coolidge promoted assimilationist boarding schools .
1999年，比尔·克林顿总统在“新市场之旅”中特意前往派恩里奇，并称这是自富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福总统1934年访问蒙大拿州的布莱克费特（Blackfeet）部落以来，首位在任总统访问原住民部落地区的人。克林顿承认联邦政府未能履行对众多原住民部落的承诺，并呼吁加大对派恩里奇经济的投资。他表示：“我们一直努力与这些原住民部落建立更加尊重彼此、更加平等的关系，既促进他们的真正独立，也给予他们更实质性的支持。”
President Bill Clinton made Pine Ridge a stop on his 1999 “New Markets Tour,” billing the visit as the first by a sitting president to tribal land since President Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s 1934 trip to the Blackfeet Nation in Montana. Clinton acknowledged the federal government failed to meet its obligations to hundreds of tribal nations and called for investment in Pine Ridge’s economy. “We have tried to have a more respectful, more proper relationship with the tribal governments of this country, to promote more genuine independence, but also to give more genuine support,” Clinton said.
2014年，巴拉克·奥巴马总统在北达科他州的斯坦丁罗克（Standing Rock）保留地会见了当地青年，并参加了当地的聚会活动；他在会上强调了扩大原住民地区的经济与教育机会的重要性，以及原住民自治权的必要性。次年，奥巴马又前往阿拉斯加的伊努皮亚克（Iñupiaq）部落所在地科策布（Kotzebue），探讨了气候变化对北极社区的影响。
In 2014, President Barack Obama met with Dakota youths and attended a powwow on the Standing Rock Reservation in North Dakota, speaking about expanding economic and educational opportunities in Indian Country and promoting tribes’ inherent right to govern themselves. The following year, Obama spent time in the Iñupiaq village of Kotzebue in Alaska, highlighting the impacts of climate change on Arctic communities.
2024年，乔·拜登总统前往亚利桑那州的吉拉河印第安人社区，正式为联邦政府当年将原住民儿童与家人分离、并强迫他们进入由美国政府和教会运营的寄宿学校的行为表示歉意。拜登政府的调查发现，这些儿童不仅被剥夺了自己的语言和文化，还遭受了身体、情感和性虐待；至少有970名儿童因此丧生，联邦官员承认实际死亡人数可能更高。
In 2024, President Joe Biden traveled to the Gila River Indian Community in Arizona to formally apologize for the federal government’s role in separating Indigenous children from their families and forcing them to attend boarding schools run by the U.S. and churches. A probe by Biden’s administration found that in addition to being stripped of their languages and cultures, many of those children experienced physical, emotional and sexual abuse. At least 970 died, and federal officials acknowledged the true number is likely higher.
在与这些寄宿学校幸存者及其后代共同发表讲话时，拜登将那段长达150年的历史称为“美国历史上的污点”。
Speaking alongside boarding school survivors and their descendants, Biden called that 150-year era a “blot on American history.”
“这是我们灵魂上的罪孽，”拜登说，“坦率地说，这种道歉竟然迟到了50年才得以作出，实在没有任何借口。”此次访问标志着美国政府首次公开承认那些导致原住民遭受迫害的种族同化政策。
“It’s a sin on our soul,” Biden said. “Quite frankly, there’s no excuse that this apology took 50 years to make.”The visit marked a rare acknowledgement of the assimilationist policies that shaped some of the earliest presidential encounters with tribal nations.
该报道由美联社旗下的“全球原住民报道网络”（Global Indigenous Reporting Network）发布。
This story is published through the Global Indigenous Reporting Network at The Associated Press.