字号 ·· | 护眼
国会山报

美国人不相信国会能打击腐败——以下是改变这一现状的方法Americans don’t trust Congress to fight corruption — here’s how to change that

点「原文对照」整页切到原文,或双击某段只看那段的原文。

上个月,约翰·柯蒂斯参议员(犹他州共和党)采取了一个勇敢且有原则的立场。在有报道称一名俄罗斯寡头为唐纳德·特朗普二世在巴哈马举办的奢华婚礼派对提供资金后,柯蒂斯敦促参议院司法委员会调查总统家族滥用权力的问题,并要求传唤特朗普二世和亨特·拜登。

Last month, Sen. John Curtis (R-Utah) took a brave and principled stand. Following reports that a Russian oligarch had bankrolled Donald Trump Jr.’s lavish wedding party in the Bahamas, Curtis urged the Senate Judiciary Committee to investigate presidential families abusing power, calling for subpoenas of Trump Jr. and Hunter Biden.

开展调查将是帮助美国人民了解国内局势、重建公众对国会信任的重要第一步。

An investigation would be a great first step toward helping Americans make sense of what has been happening in the country and rebuilding public trust in Congress.

对腐败行为的厌恶是跨越党派界限的问题。然而,大多数美国人几乎不相信国会会采取任何行动。过去一年,面对有关行政部门以权谋私、牟取财富的惊人报道,国会几乎完全无所作为,这只会进一步加深美国人的不信任。而ProPublica最新发布的一份报告称,联邦调查局针对国会的权钱交易调查已被搁置,这似乎印证了公众最坏的猜测。

Revulsion toward corruption is a cross-partisan issue. However, most Americans have little faith Congress will do anything about it. Congress’s near-total inaction in the face of brazen reports of executive branch self-enrichment over the last year has only deepened Americans’ mistrust. And a new ProPublica report about a shelved FBI pay-to-play investigation into Congress seems to confirm the public’s worst suspicions.

国会必须迅速改变做法。尤其是在司法部已经削弱其反腐能力之际,包括清洗联邦调查局负责公共腐败案件的精英部门,以及迫使负责公共诚信部门的检察官离职。

Congress needs to shift gears fast. Especially at a time when the Justice Department has gutted its anti-corruption capacity, including purging the FBI’s elite public corruption unit and forcing out the prosecutors who ran its public integrity section.

国会必须履行对行政部门的监督职责,目的不是为了推进政治议程,而是为了查明事实并确保问责。首先应当调查以下几类严重的、表面上属于行政部门腐败的行为。

Congress must assert its oversight of the executive branch, not to pursue political agendas, but to establish the facts and ensure accountability. That starts with investigating the following serious patterns of apparent executive branch corruption.

第一类是自我交易。今年夏天,围绕拟议中的“反武器化基金”,我们已经看到一场规模浩大、跨越党派界限的公众抗议。这是一个由美国国税局管理的暗中拨款基金,涉及总统就与自身利益相关的事项作出决定,并可能将巨额纳税人资金拨给那些因参与美国国会大厦1月6日骚乱而被定罪的人。

First is self-dealing. We already saw the huge, cross-partisan public outcry this summer over the proposed “anti-weaponization fund” — an IRS slush fund which involved the president making decisions in his own case, and potentially directing huge sums of taxpayer money to people who had been convicted in connection with the Jan. 6 riot at the U.S. Capitol.

《华盛顿邮报》报道称,特朗普小儿子和埃里克·特朗普所投资的公司已获得32亿美元的国防部合同授予额,以及价值31亿美元的未来合同选择权,其中包括5家公司。这些公司都是在特朗普兄弟投资之后,才首次获得联邦政府合同。更令人警觉的是,特朗普小儿子的公司投资初创企业Vulcan Elements仅3个月后,该企业便获得了国防部战略资本办公室提供的6.2亿美元贷款,据称此前白宫曾致电促成此事。

The Washington Post has reported that companies Trump Jr. and Eric Trump have invested in have landed $3.2 billion in Defense Department awards and $3.1 billion in future contract options — including five companies that got their first-ever federal contracts only after the Trump sons invested. In an even more alarming example, three months after Trump Jr.’s firm invested in a startup, Vulcan Elements, it landed a $620 million loan from the Defense Department’s Office of Strategic Capital, apparently after a phone call from the White House.

弄清这里究竟发生了什么,对每个人都至关重要。这些资金来自纳税人,而当前美国人民正饱受通货膨胀加剧之苦,国家也面临债务攀升、对外战争以及国防部预算膨胀等问题。

Getting to the bottom of what happened here matters to everyone. These are taxpayer funds, at a time when Americans are struggling with rising inflation and the country faces a growing national debt, a foreign war and ballooning Defense Department budgets.

另一个问题是以自身利益为动机的监管。特朗普家族通过投资加密货币、预测市场和人工智能攫取巨额利润,与此同时本届政府却一直在削减监管规定,并安插对上述各个行业有利的监管人员。据报道,商务部长霍华德·卢特尼克的净资产已大致翻番,升至估计70亿美元,这同样主要得益于其家族新近进行的加密货币投资。据报道,戴维·萨克斯在担任白宫人工智能和加密货币事务主管期间,仍持有449家人工智能公司的投资。

Next is regulation in self-interest. The Trump family has been raking in profits from their investments in crypto, prediction markets and AI, even as the administration has been slashing regulations and installing regulators favorable to each of those industries. Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick’s reported net worth has roughly doubled, to an estimated $7 billion, also largely due to his family’s new crypto investments. David Sacks reportedly remained invested in 449 AI companies while he was White House AI and crypto czar.

无论我们如何看待监管,大多数美国人都认为,政策决定不应由政策制定者的个人经济利益所驱动。

Whatever our views on regulation, most Americans agree that decisions should not be driven by policymakers’ personal bottom line.

在这里,利害同样十分重大。专家呼吁加强人工智能监管,以防止造成灾难性危害;美国左右两派中都有许多人抗议不断增多的数据中心;还有人在加密货币骗局或预测市场交易中损失了巨额财富。

Here, too, the stakes are high. Experts are calling for oversight of AI to prevent catastrophic harm, many Americans on the left and right are protesting growing numbers of data centers and people are losing huge sums to crypto scams or in prediction market trading.

国会还必须审查与行政部门相关的交易。众议院司法委员会的少数党成员已经发布了一份关于“权钱交易”式特赦的报告,这些特赦是通过与政府有联系的中间人获得的,尤其是针对那些因白领欺诈被定罪的人。在几个案例中,特赦免除了应向受害者支付的赔偿金,并允许欺诈者保留非法所得。

Congress must also examine sales tied to the executive branch. The minority on the House Judiciary Committee has already put out a report about “pay-to-play” pardons, secured via fixers connected to the administration, especially for people convicted of white-collar fraud. The pardons in several cases wiped out restitution owed to victims and allowed fraudsters to keep illegally acquired funds.

另一个例子是,在阿拉伯联合酋长国的国家安全顾问投资了特朗普家族的加密货币企业“世界自由金融”(World Liberty Financial)后不久,政府就批准了向该国出口芯片。此前,美国曾因担心阿拉伯联合酋长国会将这些芯片与中国共享而拒绝批准此类出口。特朗普政府的这一批准尤其引人注目,因为该政府目前正辩称,美国无法承受放缓人工智能发展的代价,以免被中国赶超。

Another example is the administration’s approval of chip exports to the United Arab Emirates shortly after its national security adviser invested in the Trump family’s crypto venture, World Liberty Financial. The U.S. had previously refused to approve the exports because of concerns the United Arab Emirates would share the chips with China. The Trump administration’s approval is especially striking, now that the administration is arguing the U.S. can’t afford to slow AI development because China might get ahead.

归根结底,这些故事讲述的都是内部人士通过做出损害普通民众利益并危及美国国家安全的决策来中饱私囊。

At their core, these are stories about insiders getting rich by making decisions that harm regular people and put American national security at risk.

最后,国会必须堵住漏洞。当今的腐败建立在数十年来存在的漏洞以及政府对人民问责制的削弱之上。主要问题包括最高法院对反贿赂法的削弱,以及对总统缺乏利益冲突限制。此外,还包括金钱在政治中的系统性影响,以及广泛存在的选区划分不公,这些都削弱了选民追究领导人责任的能力。

Finally, Congress must close loopholes. Today’s corruption builds on decades of loopholes and eroding accountability of government to the people. Major problems include the Supreme Court’s weakening of anti-bribery laws and the lack of conflict-of-interest restrictions on the president. They also include the systemic influence of money in politics and widespread gerrymandering that have weakened voters’ ability to hold our leaders accountable.

各党派的立法者都需要正视自己在这一体系中所扮演的角色。这意味着要针对最痛点的问题提出切实可行的计划,并采取可信的行动加以解决——首先从国会议员股票交易和预测市场内幕交易等领域入手,因为在当前环境下,这些领域的立法最具可行性。

Lawmakers across parties need to grapple with their own role in this system. That means offering a real plan on the biggest pain points and taking credible action to fix them — starting with areas like congressional stock trading and prediction market insider trading, where legislation is most feasible in the current environment.

这一切都不应该成为党派之争的话题。美国民众在反对腐败的问题上基本上是团结一致的;他们只是不相信政客们会采取任何实际行动来解决这个问题。

None of this should be a partisan issue. Americans are largely united in despising corruption. They just don’t believe politicians will do anything about it.

国会完全有能力改变现状。这一切都始于坚持美国的一些基本原则:任何人都不应凌驾于法律之上;政府应该为人民服务,而不仅仅是为权贵服务。

Congress can change things. It starts with building on just a couple of core American principles: Nobody should be above the law, and the government should serve the people, not just the powerful.

玛丽亚·麦克法兰·桑切斯-莫雷诺(Maria McFarland Sánchez-Moreno)是“RepresentUs”组织的首席执行官,该组织是一个致力于打击腐败的基层民间组织。

Maria McFarland Sánchez-Moreno is CEO of RepresentUs, a grassroots anti-corruption organization.