乌尔里希·施利是波恩大学亨利·基辛格教授、圣安德鲁斯大学联合研究教授。
Ulrich Schlie is Henry Kissinger Professor at University of Bonn and Joint Research Professor at University of St. Andrews.
多年来，10月3日的德国国庆日都是德国人在国家年度时间表中停下来反思国家状况和国内团结的时刻。1990年，在和平与自由中实现的统一，是历史赐予的礼物。这一成果源于撼动世界的政治动荡，它们终结了两极体系以及雅尔塔和波茨坦秩序。在德国外交史上一个决定性时刻， Chancellor赫尔穆特·科尔凭借外交手腕、明确的方向感和一丝运气，在邻国同意的情况下，将看似不可能的事情变为现实：东西德德国人的统一。
Germany's National Day on Oct. 3 has for years been the moment in the nation’s annual cycle when Germans pause to reflect on the state of the union and the country’s inner unity.
就对外而言，这一巨大成功却在内部触及了天然极限。不同的人生经历——事实上，是由对立政治制度塑造的根本不同的人生经历——以及1990年国家和社会层面不平等的起点，无法仅靠转移支付、基础设施项目、行政体系建设和行政援助就迅速消除。自1990年以来，德国人从未真正实现团结。考虑到德国具有鲜明的联邦国家属性，思维方式也存在显著差异，这并不令人意外。
即使在西部，来自荷尔斯泰因、上施瓦本和下巴伐利亚的人之间也存在鲜明反差；萨克森、图林根和梅克伦堡的人加入后，情况更是如此。
Reunification in peace and freedom came in 1990 as a gift from history. It was the result of earth-shattering political upheavals that brought down the bipolar system, the order of Yalta and Potsdam. In a defining moment for German diplomacy, Chancellor Helmut Kohl, with tact, a clear sense of direction, and a stroke of luck, made the seemingly impossible possible: the reunification of Germans in East and West with the consent of neighbouring countries.
财富、信仰与依然存在的鸿沟 首先，东西部财富差距所造成的经济不平等从未完全消失。东部的政党认同也始终未能形成旧联邦共和国长期特有的强大凝聚力。新教教会既无法维持其在民主德国作为“社会主义下的教会”的独特地位，也无法在重新统一后的德国将这一地位转化为政治影响力。民主德国的天主教会处于离散状态，始终未能真正摆脱这一处境；如今，两大教会在全德国范围内的影响力都在持续下降。
What was a resounding success in external terms reached its natural limits internally. Biographically diverse experiences -- indeed, fundamentally different life experiences shaped by opposing political systems -- and unequal starting points in 1990 in terms of state and society could not be erased overnight through transfer payments, infrastructure projects, the development of administrative structures, and administrative assistance alone.
自1990年以来，尽管有许多令人印象深刻的成功故事，但东部地区的不满情绪仍比西部更加普遍。政界和媒体也在固化刻板印象方面难辞其咎，并将心态上的差异夸大为深刻裂痕。如今，不满情绪已蔓延至德国各地；人们对政治人物解决问题能力的信心跌至谷底，机构的声誉也因而受损。在萨克森-安哈尔特州、梅克伦堡-前波美拉尼亚州和柏林的州选举中，选民表达了不满情绪——这使极右翼政党的支持率显著上升，而原本的主流政党则遭遇支持率崩塌，得票率均出现两位数下降。
Germans have never been truly united since 1990. This is hardly surprising, given that the country has a strong federal character and significant differences in mindset. Even in the West, the contrasts between people from Holstein, Upper Swabia, and Lower Bavaria were striking, and this was all the more true once people from Saxony, Thuringia, and Mecklenburg joined the mix.
然而，这一现象不能仅仅归结为东西部问题。的确，德国东部的传统政党认同如今已明显弱于西部。尽管如此，政党地位问题远不限于对德国东部与西部的比较。
Wealth, faith, and the lingering gap Above all, the economic disparities resulting from the wealth gap between West and East have never completely disappeared.
极化与主流政治的失败 最新选举结果显示，随着德国选择党（AfD）崛起、原主流政党崩塌、自由民主党销声匿迹，以及左翼党在柏林等大城市获得显著选票，德国政党体系的危机在东部地区体现得尤为明显。在东部地区，选民对现状的不满甚至高于西部；他们对于各政党能否找到解决办法的信心更为低落；而尝试各种结果不确定的全新做法的意愿——部分正是上述两种趋势的结果——也格外强烈。
Nor has party loyalty in the East ever been able to develop the strength that had long characterized the old Federal Republic. The Protestant Church was unable either to maintain its unique position in the GDR as the "Church under Socialism" or to translate this into political influence in reunified Germany.
即将到来的国家节日纪念日将通过由此引发的反思，格外清晰地凸显这些令人担忧的发展。然而，尽管东西部存在种种差异，正在形成的趋势并非彼此矛盾，而只是以不同的表现形式显现。马格德堡组阁困难重重，在那里，德国选择党必须依赖与左翼民粹主义政党BSW进行某种形式的合作；柏林 likewise? Translate.
The Catholic Church in the GDR was a diaspora church; it never really emerged from this position, and both churches have steadily lost influence across Germany as a whole. Since 1990, a general sense of dissatisfaction has been more prevalent in the East than in the West, despite many impressive success stories.
SPD and Greens tend elevate antisemitic far-left party to office mayor. “在柏林，社民党与绿党如今也表现出一种倾向，要力捧一个公开反犹、反以色列的极左翼政党出任市长。” Further polarisation. Former mainstream no lessons. Motto quote perhaps translate and retain original? They asked Chinese only, but proper slogans can translate.
Politics and the media have played their part in perpetuating cliches and exaggerating differences in mentality into deep rifts. Dissatisfaction is now widespread throughout Germany; confidence in politicians’ ability to find solutions has hit rock bottom, and the reputation of institutions has suffered as a result.
“闭上一只眼继续走” no, "close your eyes and carry on" “闭上眼睛，继续干”； “照旧”. Maybe quotations. Need be strict only Simplified. "AfD" Latin acceptable, not Chinese text? Their rule output translated Chinese, proper acronyms okay. BSW. “政党版图” territorial gains. Let's ensure no traditional.
Whilst voters expressed their frustration in the state elections in Saxony-Anhalt, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, and Berlin -- resulting in a significant rise in support for the far-right parties and a collapse for the former mainstream parties, with double-digit losses in the vote -- this phenomenon cannot be explained solely as an East-West issue. It is true, however, that traditional party loyalties in Eastern Germany are now significantly less pronounced than in the West. That said, the issue of the political parties’ standing extends far beyond a comparison of Germany’s East and West.
国家节日 maybe "全国性节日" but Germany doesn't really have national holiday? German Unity Day is national holiday. Original likely "national holiday" intentionally. Translate “国家纪念日” perhaps upcoming anniversary = "即将到来的国家统一日周年纪念". But source says national holiday, not Unity Day maybe context omitted.
Polarization and the failure of mainstream politics The latest election results -- with the rise of the AfD, the collapse of the former mainstream parties, the disappearance of the Liberals and, in major cities such as Berlin, a significant share of the vote for the Left Party -- reveal the crisis in the German party system particularly clearly in the East. In the East, voters’ dissatisfaction with the current state of affairs is even greater than in the West; confidence in the political parties’ ability to find solutions is even lower; and the willingness to engage in experiments with an uncertain outcome -- partly as a consequence of the two aforementioned trends -- is particularly strong.
We shouldn't inject. “全国性节日” sounds awkward. “国庆日” may be inaccurate for Germany. German “Nationalfeiertag” commonly translated “国家节日”. Upcoming anniversary of national holiday (10/3) perhaps "国家节日纪念日". Use “国家节日的周年纪念”. Could preserve title as part same paragraph.
The forthcoming anniversary of the national holiday will, in the reflections it provokes, highlight these worrying developments particularly clearly. Despite all the differences between East and West, however, the emerging trends are not contradictory, but merely manifest themselves in different shades.
Punctuation. Let's produce one paragraph.极化与主流政治的失败 最新选举结果显示，随着德国选择党（AfD）崛起、原主流政党崩塌、自由民主党销声匿迹，以及左翼党在柏林等大城市获得显著选票，德国政党体系的危机在东部地区体现得尤为明显。在东部地区，选民对现状的不满甚至高于西部；他们对于各政党能否找到解决办法的信心更为低落；而尝试各种结果不确定的全新做法的意愿——部分正是上述两种趋势的结果——也格外强烈。
The difficulties in forming a government in Magdeburg, where the AfD is reliant on some form of cooperation with the left-wing populist BSW, and in Berlin, where the SPD and the Greens are now showing a tendency to elevate an openly anti-Semitic and anti-Israeli far-left party to the office of Governing Mayor, will lead to further polarisation of the political system.
即将到来的国家节日周年纪念将通过由此引发的反思，格外清晰地凸显这些令人担忧的发展。然而，尽管东西部存在种种差异，正在形成的趋势并非彼此矛盾，而只是以不同的表现形式显现。马格德堡组阁困难重重，在那里，德国选择党必须依赖与左翼民粹主义政党BSW进行某种形式的合作；在柏林，社民党与绿党如今也表现出一种倾向，要力捧一个公开反犹、反以色列的极左翼政党出任市长。
The former mainstream parties have so far failed to draw any real lessons from the crisis. They are proceeding according to the mottos "close your eyes and carry on" and "carry on as before." The grand coalitions of the past two decades, which have been a major factor in the political malaise, are continuing with their usual tug-of-war rituals over supposed territorial gains, a situation exacerbated by the lack of distinction between their policy proposals.
这些都将进一步加剧政治体系的极化。迄今为止，原主流政党未能从危机中真正汲取任何教训。它们仍抱着“闭上眼睛继续走”和“一切照旧”这两句口号行事。过去二十年来，对政治僵局产生重要影响的大联合政府，如今仍照例围绕所谓地盘收益展开拉锯战，而双方政策主张之间缺乏明确界限，使局势更加恶化。这种做法只会加深不满，并强化政治边缘力量。
They merely increase frustration and strengthen the political fringes. The current situation in Eastern Germany, too -- where the CDU and SPD have, in some regions, sunk to the level of the almost defunct FDP -- is partly attributable to misguided political priorities, excessive bureaucracy, the neglect of support for rural areas, and a lack of effective regional and industrial policies.
德国东部当前的局面同样如此——在某些地区，基民盟和社民党的支持率已跌至几乎名存实亡的自民党水平——这部分归因于政治 priorities? Need no English. Translate all.德国东部当前的局面同样如此——在某些地区，基民盟和社民党的支持率已跌至几乎名存实亡的自民党水平——这部分归因于政治重点误判、官僚主义过度、对农村地区支持不足，以及缺乏有效的区域和产业政策。
For some time now, Germany has been grappling with problems relating to its geographical structure and the contrasts between urban centres and rural areas -- problems that have long dominated the political agenda in countries such as the UK or Italy.
一段时间以来，德国一直在应对与自身地理结构以及城市中心与农村地区之间差距有关的问题——这类问题长期以来一直主导着英国或意大利等国的政治议程。随着政治危机持续、德国整体氛围依然阴郁，东西部之间的鸿沟将继续扩大。尽管在落实过程中存在某些错误，但真正的根源并非国家的内部统一，而是政治危机。
这一危机在很大程度上与误导向的妥协、缺乏勇气、官僚主义过度，以及国家缺乏思想指南有关。
The East-West divide will continue to deepen as the political crisis persists and the general mood in Germany remains gloomy. Despite certain implementation errors, the real roots of this lie not in the country’s internal reunification, but in a political crisis that has much to do with misguided compromises, a lack of courage, excessive bureaucracy, and the absence of an intellectual compass for the country.
*本文表达的观点仅代表作者本人，不一定反映阿纳多卢通讯社的编辑方针。
*Opinions expressed in this article are the author's own and do not necessarily reflect the editorial policy of Anadolu.