退休人员需要做出的最重要决策之一就是何时领取社会保障福利，而这项决策在即将成为法律的法案中可能会被重新定义。
One of the biggest decisions retirees make — when to claim Social Security benefits — would be described differently under a bill that may soon become law.
《领取社会保障福利年龄明确化法案》（Claiming Age Clarity Act）是一项两党共同提出的法案，旨在修改相关术语，以更清晰地说明劳动者可以领取社会保障退休福利的年龄。该法案已于周二在参议院获得通过，目前正提交给唐纳德·特朗普总统签署。白宫尚未回应 CNBC.com 的询问，尚未说明总统是否会签署该法案以及签署的具体时间。
Claiming Age Clarity Act a bipartisan bill that changes certain terms to describe the ages when a worker may claim Social Security retirement benefits, passed the Senate on Tuesday. The bill is now on its way to President Donald Trump for his signature. The White House did not respond to CNBC.com's request for comment on whether and when he might sign.
如果退休人员在 62 岁时就开始领取社会保障福利（即达到领取资格的最早年龄），其领取的福利金额可能会比在法定退休年龄领取时减少多达 30%；而如果推迟到 67 岁再领取，那么出生于 1960 年或之后的退休人员将能够获得其应得福利的 100%。此外，每推迟一年领取时间（最长可推迟到 70 岁），领取者的福利金额还将增加 8%。该法案还提出了其他相关改革措施，例如：
Claiming Social Security benefits at age 62 — when qualifying retirees first become eligible — may permanently reduce benefits by up to 30% compared to claiming at full retirement age. By waiting until age 67, individuals born in 1960 or later may receive 100% of the benefits they've earned. And for each year delayed past that "full" retirement age, up to age 70, prospective beneficiaries receive an 8% benefit boost.
教育部延长了学生贷款利率优惠的截止日期；
Education Department extends deadline for student loan interest rate discount Trump administration starts sending $500 Obamacare refund checks — who benefits SEC proposes investor exam to expand private-market access — how it could work Social Security claiming ages may soon get new names.
特朗普政府开始发放 500 美元的奥巴马医改（Obamacare）退款；
What retirees need to know CNBC's Financial Advisor 100: Best financial advisors, top firms ranked CNBC Elite Advisors: Top ultra-high net worth wealth management firms for 2026 The Claiming Age Clarity Act calls for modernizing the terminology around those claiming ages to help retirees better understand the tradeoffs of their decisions.
美国证券交易委员会（SEC）提议对投资者进行相关考试，以扩大私人市场的准入范围；
It does not change the claiming ages themselves or how benefits are paid.
社会保障福利的领取年龄可能会被重新命名，以便退休人员更清楚地了解自己决策所带来的影响。
"This straightforward legislation aims to simplify bureaucratic jargon which may mislead Americans into making poor financial decisions," Rep. Lloyd Smucker, R-Pa., said in a statement when he introduced the bill with Rep. Don Beyer, D-Va., in 2025.
“这项简单的立法旨在简化那些可能误导人们的官僚术语，避免他们做出错误的财务决策，”宾夕法尼亚州共和党众议员劳埃德·斯马克（Lloyd Smucker）在 2025 年与弗吉尼亚州民主党众议员唐·贝耶（Don Beyer）共同提出该法案时说道。
New terms use 'minimum,' 'standard' and 'maximum'
关键条款：根据该法案，62岁将被重新定义为“最低领取福利年龄”，而非社会保障管理局目前使用的“提前领取福利年龄”这一术语。
Under the terms of the bill age 62 would now be described as "minimum benefit age" rather than the term the Social Security Administration currently uses, "early eligibility age."
对于66至67岁的人群，根据其出生年份的不同，他们将获得100%的应得福利；此时该机构会使用“标准领取福利年龄”，而非目前的“全额退休年龄”。
For age 66 to 67, when an individual receives 100% of their earned benefits depending on their birth year, the agency would use "standard benefit age" rather than the current "full retirement age."
对于70岁的人群，社会保障管理局将这一年龄称为“最高领取福利年龄”，而非目前的“延迟退休年龄”。
And for age 70, the Social Security Administration would describe it as "maximum benefit age" rather than the current "delayed retirement age."
社会保障资金面临的挑战依然严峻参议员比尔·卡西迪（Bill Cassidy，共和党，来自路易斯安那州）表示，参议院通过该法案对那些正在考虑自己社会保障福利的美国人来说是个“好消息”。他于2025年提出了该法案的参议院版本，并强调国会必须“解决社会保障体系所面临的更严峻挑战”——即社会保障基金可能出现的资不抵债问题。
Social Security's funding challenges still loom The Senate passing the bill is "great news for Americans making decisions about their Social Security benefits," Sen. Bill Cassidy, R-La., who proposed the Senate version of the bill in 2025, said on Congress must "tackle the bigger challenge facing Social Security" regarding the insolvency dates the program's trust funds face, Cassidy said. Social Security's funding woes are one of the reasons people often cite for claiming benefits early.
社会保障资金的短缺是许多人选择提前领取福利的原因之一。不过专家普遍认为，对于退休人员来说，尽可能延迟领取福利（直到70岁）通常仍然是最有利的选择。
Yet experts generally say it's often still in retirees' best interest to delay claiming for as long as possible up to age 70. "Changing the name is a good step, an important step, but there's more work to be done," said Shai Akabas, vice president of economic policy at the Bipartisan Policy Center.
“改变这些术语确实是一个积极的步骤，但仍有许多工作需要完成，”两党政策中心（Bipartisan Policy Center）的经济政策副总裁谢伊·阿卡巴斯（Shai Akabas）说。这家总部位于华盛顿特区的智库的游说机构BPC Action支持了该法案的通过。
The Washington, D.C.-based think tank's lobbying affiliate, BPC Action, backed the bill. The idea for the language changes started about 10 years ago, according to Akabas.
据阿卡巴斯介绍，这些术语修改的提议大约在10年前就提出了。他还表示，目前还在考虑其他加强社会保障福利领取相关信息传播的措施，例如增加福利领取通知的寄送频率。
Other efforts to strengthen communication around Social Security retirement claiming benefits are being considered, including increasing the frequency of mailed benefit statements, he said. The Congressional Budget Office has not scored the Claiming Age Clarity Act for its costs.
美国国会预算办公室尚未对该《领取年龄明确化法案》的成本进行评估。阿卡巴斯（Akabas）表示，从长远来看，这一变化不应对该项目的财务状况产生显著影响；而从短期内来看，这一法案反而可能为该项目节省资金——因为它可能会促使人们推迟领取福利的时间。
In the long term, the change should not significantly affect the program's finances, Akabas said. In the short term, it may actually save the program money, since it may prompt people to claim benefits later than they otherwise would, he said.
最终，解决社会保障项目资金问题的全面改革需要两党之间的妥协。阿卡巴斯指出，尽管《领取年龄明确化法案》只是一项较小的改革措施，但它为两党议员继续讨论该问题提供了机会。美国退休人员协会（AARP）也支持这项法案。
Ultimately, broader Social Security reform addressing the program's funding issues will require bipartisan compromise. The passage of the Claiming Age Clarity Act, while a smaller change, signals an opening for lawmakers on both sides of the aisle to continue talking about the program, Akabas said. The AARP also endorsed the Claiming Age Clarity Act.
该非营利组织代表50岁及以上的美国人进行的研究发现：虽然人们知道推迟领取社会保障福利可以增加退休金金额，但他们可能并不清楚具体应该在什么年龄领取才能获得最大的福利。
Research from the nonprofit organization, which represents Americans ages 50 and over, has found that while people know postponing Social Security increases their retirement benefits, they may not be sure about the exact age to maximize their benefits.
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